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LIMK2 Gene(Protein Coding)

LIM Domain Kinase 2

GCID:
GC22P031212
GIFtS:
65
Genes Participants
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Aliases for LIMK2 Gene

Aliases for LIMK2 Gene

  • LIM Domain Kinase 2 2 3 5
  • EC 2.7.11.1 4 63
  • LIMK-2 4

External Ids for LIMK2 Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for LIMK2 Gene

  • GC22P028304
  • GC22P029932
  • GC22P031608
  • GC22P014569

Summaries for LIMK2 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for LIMK2 Gene

  • There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

GeneCards Summary for LIMK2 Gene

LIMK2 (LIM Domain Kinase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Axon guidance and Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts. GO annotations related to this gene include transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups and protein tyrosine kinase activity. An important paralog of this gene is TESK1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for LIMK2 Gene

  • Displays serine/threonine-specific phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone (MBP) in vitro.

Tocris Summary for LIMK2 Gene

  • LIM kinases (LIMKs), EC 2.7.11.1, are dual specificity kinases (serine/threonine and tyrosine), which phosphorylate and inactivate cofilin (a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics). There are two isoforms of LIMK: LIMK1 and LIMK2.

Gene Wiki entry for LIMK2 Gene

No data available for PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for LIMK2 Gene

Genomics for LIMK2 Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for LIMK2 Gene

Enhancers for LIMK2 Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Score Enhancer Sources TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Other Gene Targets for Enhancer

Enhancers around LIMK2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for LIMK2 Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters

ENSRs around LIMK2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the LIMK2 gene promoter:

Genomic Location for LIMK2 Gene

Chromosome:
22
Start:
31,212,239 bp from pter
End:
31,280,080 bp from pter
Size:
67,842 bases
Orientation:
Plus strand

Genomic View for LIMK2 Gene

Genes around LIMK2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
LIMK2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for LIMK2 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for LIMK2 Gene

Proteins for LIMK2 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for LIMK2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    P53671-LIMK2_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    LIM domain kinase 2
    Protein Accession:
    P53671
    Secondary Accessions:
    • A8K6H5
    • Q7KZ80
    • Q7L3H5
    • Q96E10
    • Q99464
    • Q9UFU0

    Protein attributes for LIMK2 Gene

    Size:
    638 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    72232 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    • Binds ROCK1 and LKAP. Interacts with PARD3. Interacts with NISCH (By similarity).
    SequenceCaution:
    • Sequence=AAB54055.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

    Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for LIMK2 Gene

    Alternative splice isoforms for LIMK2 Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for LIMK2 Gene

Proteomics data for LIMK2 Gene at MOPED

Protein Expression for LIMK2 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for LIMK2 Gene

P53671:

Post-translational modifications for LIMK2 Gene

  • Phosphorylated on serine and/or threonine residues by ROCK1.
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
  • Modification sites at neXtProt

Other Protein References for LIMK2 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Domains & Families for LIMK2 Gene

Gene Families for LIMK2 Gene

HGNC:
IUPHAR :

Protein Domains for LIMK2 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for LIMK2 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

P53671

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

LIMK2_HUMAN :
  • Contains 2 LIM zinc-binding domains.
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
Domain:
  • Contains 2 LIM zinc-binding domains.
  • Contains 1 PDZ (DHR) domain.
  • Contains 1 protein kinase domain.
Family:
  • Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with LIMK2: view

Function for LIMK2 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for LIMK2 Gene

GENATLAS Biochemistry:
LIM motif containing protein kinase 2,cytosolic,alternatively spliced in two isoforms LIMK2A and LIMK2B differentially regulated in a tissue specific manner
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Displays serine/threonine-specific phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone (MBP) in vitro.

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for LIMK2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for LIMK2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005524 ATP binding IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with LIMK2: view

Phenotypes for LIMK2 Gene

MGI mutant phenotypes for LIMK2:
inferred from 5 alleles
GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for LIMK2:
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with LIMK2: view

Animal Models for LIMK2 Gene

MGI Knock Outs for LIMK2:

Animal Model Products

  • Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for LIMK2

miRNA for LIMK2 Gene

miRTarBase miRNAs that target LIMK2

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for LIMK2 Gene

Localization for LIMK2 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for LIMK2 Gene

Isoform LIMK2a: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Isoform LIMK2a is distributed in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
Isoform LIMK2b: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Isoform LIMK2b occurs mainly in the cytoplasm and is scarcely translocated to the nucleus.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Jensen Localization Image for LIMK2 Gene COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for LIMK2 gene
Compartment Confidence
nucleus 5
cytosol 3
cytoskeleton 2

No data available for Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for LIMK2 Gene

Pathways & Interactions for LIMK2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with LIMK2: view

SIGNOR curated interactions for LIMK2 Gene

Inactivates:
Is activated by:
Is inactivated by:

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for LIMK2 Gene

None

Drugs & Compounds for LIMK2 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(4) Drugs for LIMK2 Gene - From: HMDB and Novoseek

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Adenosine triphosphate Approved Nutra 0

(6) Additional Compounds for LIMK2 Gene - From: Tocris, HMDB, and Novoseek

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
ADP
  • Adenosindiphosphorsaeure
  • Adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate
  • Adenosine diphosphate
  • Adenosine pyrophosphate
  • Adenosine-5'-diphosphate
 Full agonist, Agonist 58-64-0
Damnacanthal
477-84-9
LIMKi 3
1338247-35-0
SR 7826
1219728-20-7
T 5601640
924473-59-6

(4) Tocris Compounds for LIMK2 Gene

Compound Action Cas Number
Damnacanthal Potent, selective p56lck inhibitor; also LIMK1/2 inhibitor 477-84-9
LIMKi 3 Potent LIM kinase inhibitor; antitumor 1338247-35-0
SR 7826 Potent and selective LIMK inhibitor; antitumor 1219728-20-7
T 5601640 Selective LIMK2 inhibitor; antitumor 924473-59-6
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with LIMK2: view

Transcripts for LIMK2 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for LIMK2 Gene

(3) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(14) Additional mRNA sequences :
(710) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
(9) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for LIMK2 Gene

LIM domain kinase 2:
Representative Sequences:

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for LIMK2 Gene

ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3a · 3b ^ 4a · 4b · 4c ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9a · 9b · 9c ^ 10 ^ 11a · 11b ^ 12 ^ 13 ^
SP1: - - - - - -
SP2: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SP3: -
SP4:
SP5: - - - - - - -
SP6: - - -
SP7:
SP8: - - - - - - - - -
SP9: - - - - - - - - - - - -
SP10: - - - - - - - - - - - - -
SP11: - - -
SP12:
SP13:
SP14:
SP15:

ExUns: 14a · 14b · 14c ^ 15a · 15b ^ 16a · 16b ^ 17 ^ 18a · 18b
SP1: - - -
SP2: - - -
SP3: -
SP4: - -
SP5:
SP6:
SP7:
SP8:
SP9:
SP10:
SP11:
SP12:
SP13:
SP14:
SP15:

Relevant External Links for LIMK2 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
LIMK2
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
LIMK2

Expression for LIMK2 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for LIMK2 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for LIMK2 Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for LIMK2 GenemRNA expression by GTEx for LIMK2 Gene

mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery

mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for LIMK2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Whole Blood (x11.5).

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for LIMK2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Pancreatic juice (42.2), Placenta (12.6), and Heart (11.0).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MOPED, and MaxQB for LIMK2 Gene



SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for LIMK2 Gene Hs.474596

mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for LIMK2 Gene

P53671-LIMK2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity: Highest expression in the placenta; moderate level in liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas. LIMK2a is found to be more abundant then LIMK2b in liver, colon, stomach, and spleen, while in brain, kidney, and placenta LIMK2b is the dominant form. In adult lung, both LIMK2a and LIMK2b is nearly equally observed.
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with LIMK2: view

Protein tissue co-expression partners for LIMK2 Gene

Primer Products

Orthologs for LIMK2 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for LIMK2 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia LIMK2 35
  • 90.13 (n)
  • 92.16 (a)
LIMK2 36
  • 84 (a)
 OneToOne
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia LIMK2 35
  • 91.95 (n)
  • 95.45 (a)
LIMK2 36
  • 85 (a)
 OneToOne
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Limk2 35
  • 88.35 (n)
  • 93.1 (a)
Limk2 16
Limk2 36
  • 84 (a)
 OneToOne
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia LIMK2 35
  • 99.27 (n)
  • 99.69 (a)
LIMK2 36
  • 99 (a)
 OneToOne
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Limk2 35
  • 88.51 (n)
  • 92.95 (a)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia LIMK2 36
  • 81 (a)
 OneToOne
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia LIMK2 36
  • 86 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves LIMK2 35
  • 79.47 (n)
  • 86.52 (a)
LIMK2 36
  • 78 (a)
 OneToOne
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia -- 36
  • 35 (a)
 ManyToMany
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia limk2 35
  • 65.23 (n)
  • 65.29 (a)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii limk2 35
  • 68.13 (n)
  • 69.64 (a)
limk2 36
  • 61 (a)
 OneToOne
fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta LIMK1 36
  • 21 (a)
 OneToMany
worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea K09B11.5 36
  • 17 (a)
 ManyToMany
kin-21 36
  • 17 (a)
 ManyToMany
T25B9.5 36
  • 16 (a)
 ManyToMany
Y52D5A.2 36
  • 17 (a)
 ManyToMany
Y69E1A.3 36
  • 16 (a)
 ManyToMany
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 36
  • 41 (a)
 OneToMany
Species with no ortholog for LIMK2:
  • A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice (Oryza sativa)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for LIMK2 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for LIMK2 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for LIMK2 (if available)

Paralogs for LIMK2 Gene

Paralogs for LIMK2 Gene

(9) SIMAP similar genes for LIMK2 Gene using alignment to 7 proteins:

Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for LIMK2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with LIMK2: view

Variants for LIMK2 Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for LIMK2 Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 22 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs5997917 - 31,225,806(+) GGCAC(A/G)GCTCT reference, missense
rs35923988 - 31,258,307(+) GCCAG(A/G)ATTCC reference, missense
rs34930775 - 31,262,219(+) CCGTC(C/T)GCACA reference, missense
rs34875793 - 31,265,978(+) TGGCC(C/G)CAGCT reference, missense
rs35422808 - 31,267,899(+) TTCTG(C/T)GCAGT reference, missense

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for LIMK2 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
nsv459871 CNV Loss 19166990
esv2543296 CNV Insertion 19546169

Variation tolerance for LIMK2 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 13.1% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 5.49; 71.73% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Relevant External Links for LIMK2 Gene

Disorders for LIMK2 Gene

Relevant External Links for LIMK2

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
LIMK2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
LIMK2
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
LIMK2

No disorders were found for LIMK2 Gene.

No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for LIMK2 Gene

Publications for LIMK2 Gene

  1. Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs. (PMID: 8537403) Okano I. … Mizuno K. (J. Biol. Chem. 1995) 2 3 4 23 67
  2. LIM kinases: function, regulation and association with human disease. (PMID: 17294230) Scott R.W. … Olson M.F. (J. Mol. Med. 2007) 3 23
  3. Phosphorylated LIM kinases colocalize with gamma-tubulin in centrosomes during early stages of mitosis. (PMID: 18000399) Chakrabarti R. … Grizzle W.E. (Cell Cycle 2007) 3 23
  4. Different activity regulation and subcellular localization of LIMK1 and LIMK2 during cell cycle transition. (PMID: 16455074) Sumi T. … Nakamura T. (Exp. Cell Res. 2006) 3 23
  5. Par-3 mediates the inhibition of LIM kinase 2 to regulate cofilin phosphorylation and tight junction assembly. (PMID: 16505165) Chen X. … Macara I.G. (J. Cell Biol. 2006) 3 23

Products for LIMK2 Gene

  • Addgene plasmids for LIMK2

Sources for LIMK2 Gene

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