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LIMK2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70
GCID: GC22P031608

LIM Domain Kinase 2

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(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
LIM Domain Kinase 2¹ ²
EC 2.7.11.1³ ⁸
LIMK-2³

External Ids:	HGNC: 6614¹	Entrez Gene: 3985²	Ensembl: ENSG00000182541⁷	OMIM: 601988⁵	UniProtKB: P53671³

ORGUL members:

Export aliases for LIMK2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22P028304 GC22P029932 GC22P014569

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for LIMK2 Gene:

There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains

are highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function

by binding to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM

kinase-2 belong to a small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal

protein kinase domain. The protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream

effector of Rho, and the encoded protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing

activity. It is thought that this pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At

least three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq,

Jul 2008)

GeneCards Summary for LIMK2 Gene:

LIMK2 (LIM domain kinase 2) is a protein-coding gene. GO annotations related to this gene include protein serine/threonine kinase activity and protein heterodimerization activity. An important paralog of this gene is TESK2.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Function: Displays serine/threonine-specific phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone (MBP) in vitro

Gene Wiki entry for LIMK2 Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000022.10 NC_018933.2 NT_011520.13

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the LIMK2 gene promoter:
Max1 Pax-6 Tal-1beta LCR-F1 NF-AT E47 HEN1 NF-AT2 NF-AT1 c-Myc
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): LIMK2 promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for LIMK2

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat LIMK2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q12.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q12.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q12

LIMK2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
LIMK2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22P031608: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	31,608,225 bp from pter	End:	31,676,066 bp from pter
Size:	67,842 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: LIM domain kinase 2

Size: 638 amino acids; 72232 Da

Subunit: Binds ROCK1 and LKAP. Interacts with PARD3. Interacts with NISCH (By similarity)

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAB54055.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for LIMK2:

1X6A (3D)

Secondary accessions: A8K6H5 Q7KZ80 Q7L3H5 Q96E10 Q99464 Q9UFU0

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: P53671-1 P53671-2 P53671-3 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for LIMK2: NX_P53671

Explore proteomics data for LIMK2 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated on serine and/or threonine residues by ROCK1¹

Ubiquitination² at Lys653

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Selected DME Specific Peptides for LIMK2 (P53671) (see all 13)

IIHRDLN

KYHPECF

DRILEING

GMAYLHSM

See LIMK2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001026971.1 NP_005560.1 NP_057952.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000384602 ENSP00000332687 ENSP00000388422 ENSP00000330470 ENSP00000339916

ENSP00000409522

Reactome Protein details: P53671

LIMK2 Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals LIMK2 Proteins Novus Biologicals LIMK2 Lysates
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	Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for LIMK2
	Search eBioscience for Proteins for LIMK2
	antibodies-online proteins for LIMK2 (9 products)
	antibodies-online peptides for LIMK2

LIMK2 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of LIMK2
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	antibodies-online antibodies for LIMK2 (106 products)

LIMK2 Assay Products:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for LIMK2 Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for LIMK2
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	antibodies-online kits for LIMK2 (11 products)

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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IUPHAR Guide to PHARMACOLOGY protein family classification: LIM domain kinase 2

LIMK subfamily

Selected InterPro protein domains (see all 6):

IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS

IPR001478 PDZ

IPR001245 Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom

IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom

IPR001781 Znf_LIM

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P53671

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P53671

2 Blocks protein domains:

IPB001478 PDZ/DHR/GLGF domain

IPB001781 Zn-binding protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Similarity: Contains 2 LIM zinc-binding domains

Similarity: Contains 1 PDZ (DHR) domain

Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain

Find genes that share domains with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Function: Displays serine/threonine-specific phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone (MBP) in vitro

Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

Genatlas biochemistry entry for LIMK2:

LIM motif containing protein kinase 2,cytosolic,alternatively spliced in two isoforms LIMK2A and LIMK2B

differentially regulated in a tissue specific manner

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.1¹ ²

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected molecular function terms (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	--	--
GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS	8537403
GO:0004713	protein tyrosine kinase activity	--	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

Phenotypes:
3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for LIMK2:

Decreased nuclei size in G2M

Decreased substrate adherent c

Increased HPV18 LCR reporter a

12 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Limk2):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	endocrine/exocrine gland	hematopoietic system
immune system	limbs/digits/tail	no phenotypic analysis	renal/urinary system	reproductive system
skeleton	vision/eye

Find genes that share phenotypes with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-out Limk2^tm1.1Tnak for LIMK2

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for LIMK2

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat LIMK2 using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate LIMK2 (see all 33):
		hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-1273d hsa-let-7g hsa-miR-649 hsa-let-7a hsa-miR-23a hsa-miR-761

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: LIMK2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for LIMK2
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Gene Editing
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): LIMK2 (NM_005569)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for LIMK2
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		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat LIMK2
		Addgene plasmids for LIMK2

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for LIMK2
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for LIMK2

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671: Isoform LIMK2a: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Isoform LIMK2a is distributed in the cytoplasm and

the nucleus

LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671: Isoform LIMK2b: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Isoform LIMK2b occurs mainly in the cytoplasm and

is scarcely translocated to the nucleus

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
nucleus	5
cytosol	3
cytoskeleton	2

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Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	TAS	8954941
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	8537403
GO:0005801	cis-Golgi network	IEA	--
GO:0016020	membrane	--	--

Find genes that share ontologies with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for LIMK2 About (see all 23)

See pathways by source

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SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Semaphorin interactions

	Sema4D in semaphorin signaling	0.90			Semaphorin interactions	0.43
	Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse	0.90

Actin Nucleation by ARP-WASP Complex

	Actin Nucleation and Branching	0.66			RhoA Pathway	0.35
	CDC42 Pathway	0.41

Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration

	Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration	0.49			Cytoskeleton remodeling Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility	0.32
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases	0.49

L1CAM interactions

Axon guidance

0.63

Developmental Biology

0.63

Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts

Rac1 Pathway

0.65

Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases

0.62

Find genes that share SuperPaths with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

Selected Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of GeneGlobe Pathway Central Maps for LIMK2 (see all 14)

	RhoA Pathway
	Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
	Guidance Cues and Growth Cone Motility
	Internalin Pathway
	Semaphorin Signaling

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for LIMK2

Cytoskeletal Signaling

Selected GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for LIMK2 (see all 6)

	Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
	Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases
	Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes
	Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils

3 BioSystems Pathways for LIMK2

	Androgen receptor signaling pathway
	CDC42 signaling events
	RhoA signaling pathway

1 Reactome Pathway for LIMK2

Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for LIMK2):

	Axon guidance
	Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
	Regulation of actin cytoskeleton

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Array including LIMK2:

Cytoskeleton Regulators in human mouse rat

Interactions:

GeneGlobe Interaction Network for LIMK2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 19)

Selected Interacting proteins for LIMK2 (P53671^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000339916⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 22)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PARD3	Q8TEW0²^,³, ENSP00000363921⁴	MINT-3380769 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000363921
HIPK3	Q9H422²^,³	MINT-61744 I2D: score=2
CFL1	P23528³, ENSP00000309629⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000309629
LIMK1	P53667³, ENSP00000336740⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000336740
CDC42BPA	Q5VT25³, ENSP00000355731⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000355731

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Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	--	--
GO:0007283	spermatogenesis	IEA	--
GO:0009103	lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic process	--	--
GO:0016310	phosphorylation	TAS	8537403
GO:0042325	regulation of phosphorylation	--	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Browse Tocris compounds for LIMK2

2 HMDB Compounds for LIMK2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
ADP	adenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)	58-64-0	--
Adenosine triphosphate	5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)	56-65-5	--

4 Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for LIMK2 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
leptomycin b	62.6	3	15923181 (1), 16820362 (1)
threonine	43.9	3	18000399 (1), 8537403 (1), 9089416 (1)
serine	30.1	3	18000399 (1), 8537403 (1), 9089416 (1)
tyrosine	0	2	9089416 (1)

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(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for LIMK2 gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_001031801.1 NM_005569.3 NM_016733.2

Unigene Cluster for LIMK2:

LIM domain kinase 2

Hs.474596 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_016733

10 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000462625 ENST00000406516 ENST00000331728(uc003akh.3 uc003aki.3)

ENST00000425203 ENST00000333611(uc003akk.3 uc011aln.2) ENST00000340552(uc003akj.3)

ENST00000465937 ENST00000482270 ENST00000467301 ENST00000444929

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat LIMK2 using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate LIMK2 (see all 33):
		hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-1273d hsa-let-7g hsa-miR-649 hsa-let-7a hsa-miR-23a hsa-miR-761

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: LIMK2 3' UTR sequence

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): LIMK2 (NM_005569)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for LIMK2
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		Addgene plasmids for LIMK2

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for LIMK2 OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for LIMK2
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat LIMK2
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat LIMK2
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat LIMK2

Additional mRNA sequence:

AB451269.1 AB451396.1 AK092838.1 AK093554.1 AK291640.1 AK293774.1 AK299112.1 AK302553.1

AK314391.1 AL117466.1 BC013051.1 CR456513.1 D45906.1 D85527.1

Selected DOTS entries (see all 32):

DT.95270024 DT.95270027 DT.100815849 DT.100815843 DT.452864 DT.100815850 DT.120673574 DT.100815855

DT.120673583 DT.97864995 DT.40195147 DT.100698470 DT.91658352 DT.100705713 DT.100763362 DT.100815853

DT.102843229 DT.120673496 DT.92439138 DT.95362316 DT.97768439 DT.100042112 DT.100703519 DT.100815854

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 710):

BQ882463 AI968407 BQ918881 AI582302 AI479333 AI244632 BX458776 BQ933184

BM545104 BQ050192 AI969799 BX339081 BU632685 CR456513 BX410566 AA353025

AI801077 AI699545 BC033166 CB157798 BM929441 BF724908 BE501316 BQ677938

GeneLoc Exon Structure

Selected Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for LIMK2 (see all 15) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	^	2a	·	2b	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c	^	5a	·	5b	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	^	12	^	13	^
SP1:											-		-		-				-		-		-
SP2:											-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP3:																																																	-
SP4:
SP5:									-		-		-		-				-		-		-

ExUns:	14a	·	14b	·	14c	^	15a	·	15b	^	16a	·	16b	^	17	^	18a	·	18b
SP1:	-												-		-
SP2:	-												-		-
SP3:	-
SP4:	-												-
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for LIMK2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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LIMK2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: --

About this image

LIMK2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 9) fully expand


Blood (Hematopoietic System) fully expand to see all 3 entries
Granulocytes Peripheral Blood

Brain (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 3 entries
Cerebral Cortex

Trophoblast (Extraembryonic Tissues) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Trophoblast Cells Trophoblast

Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
Bone Marrow

Eye (Sensory Organs)
Cholinergic Amacrine Cells Inner Nuclear Layer

LIMK2 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

LIMK2 Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.474596

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Tissue specificity: Highest expression in the placenta; moderate level in liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas.

LIMK2a is found to be more abundant then LIMK2b in liver, colon, stomach, and spleen, while in brain, kidney, and

placenta LIMK2b is the dominant form. In adult lung, both LIMK2a and LIMK2b is nearly equally observed

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Array including LIMK2:

Cytoskeleton Regulators in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for LIMK2 OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for LIMK2
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat LIMK2
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat LIMK2
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat LIMK2

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for LIMK2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for LIMK2 gene from Selected species (see all 15) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Limk2^{1 , 5}	LIM motif-containing protein kinase 2^{1, 5}	88.35(n)¹ 93.1(a)¹		11 (2.34 cM)⁵ 16886¹ NM_010718.4¹ NP_034848.1¹ 3344256⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	LIMK2¹	LIM domain kinase 2	79.47(n) 86.52(a)		396010 NM_205115.1 NP_990446.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	--	Uncharacterized protein	35(a)	many ↔ many	GL344151.1(43316-68492)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	AB038517.1²	--	77.94(n)		AB038517.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	limk2¹	LIM domain kinase 2	68.13(n) 69.64(a)		436924 NM_001002651.1 NP_001002651.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	LIMK1⁶	LIM-kinase1	21(a)	1 → many	X(12478418-12486226)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	kin-21⁶ Y52D5A.2⁶ (see all 5)	Protein Y52D5A.2 (Y52D5A.2) mRNA, complete cds (see all 5)	17(a) 17(a) (see all 5)	many ↔ many many ↔ many (see all 5)	IV(9832935-9834822) WBGene00002204 IV(5462501-5464275) WBGene00021793

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for LIMK2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for LIMK2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for LIMK2 gene

TESK2² TESK1² LIMK1²

9 SIMAP similar genes for LIMK2 using alignment to 7 protein entries: LIMK2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

PPP1R14B PPP1R14C LIMK1 PPP1R14D PPP1R14A TESK2

DKFZp686M05208 ABLIM1 PDLIM5

Find genes that share paralogs with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for LIMK2
PGOHUM00000241188

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs199647773^1,2	C	--	14571080(+)	`GGCCCA/CCCTCT`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs66641491^1,2	C	--	14585677(+)	`CGTGC-/GTGT GTGTG`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs11317931^1,2	C	--	14604334(+)	`GACTC-/AAAAAA`	3	--	int¹ us2k¹ trp³		0	--	--	--	--
rs66583267^1,2	C	--	14604806(+)	`TTCCT-/CC AGCAGCCTTG`	3	--	int¹ us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs33929411^1,2	C	--	14610119(+)	`AAAAAA/-GTTGA`	3	--	int¹		1		NA	2
rs146327340^1,2	C	--	15528956(+)	`TTGAA-/ACTC AGTTG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs149696918^1,2		--	15529134(+)	`GAGTCA/GCCTGA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs146717429^1,2		--	15529267(+)	`CTGGGA/TGCCTT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs139285271^1,2	C	--	15529314(+)	`GTTTTA/GGTTCC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs144116370^1,2		--	15529459(+)	`TAATTC/GAATAC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for LIMK2 (31608225 - 31676066 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 2 variations for LIMK2: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
esv2543296	CNV	Insertion	19546169
nsv459871	CNV	Loss	19166990

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing LIMK2

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for LIMK2

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 601988 OMIM disorders: --

Find genes that share disorders with LIMK2 About GenesLikeMe

4 Novoseek inferred disease relationships for LIMK2 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
williams syndrome	54.9	1	9089416 (1)
metastasis	0	1	17188549 (1)
tumors	0	1	19881550 (1)
cancer	0	1	17188549 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): LIMK2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: LIMK2 (4 documents)

Export disorders for LIMK2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for LIMK2 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 75):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with LIMK2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs. (PubMed id 8537403)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Okano I.... Mizuno K. (J. Biol. Chem. 1995)
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (PubMed id 10591208)^{1, 2, 3} Dunham I.... Wright H. (Nature 1999)
Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase. (PubMed id 11018042)^{1, 2, 9} Sumi T.... Nakamura T. (J. Biol. Chem. 2001)
Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42- binding kinase alpha. (PubMed id 11340065)^{1, 2, 9} Sumi T.... Nakamura T. (J. Biol. Chem. 2001)
A genome-wide association study for diabetic nephropathy genes in African Americans. (PubMed id 21150874)^{1, 4} McDonough C.W....Bowden D.W. (Kidney Int. 2011)
Personalized smoking cessation: interactions between nicotine dose, dependence and quit-success genotype score. (PubMed id 20379614)^{1, 4} Rose J.E....Uhl G.R. (Mol. Med. 2010)
Identification of potentially damaging amino acid substitutions leading to human male infertility. (PubMed id 19369647)^{1, 4} Kuzmin A....Varmuza S. (Biol. Reprod. 2009)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (Nat. Genet. 2004)
A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. (PubMed id 15461802)^{1, 2} Collins J.E.... Dunham I. (Genome Biol. 2004)
Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. (PubMed id 11230166)^{1, 2} Wiemann S.... Poustka A. (Genome Res. 2001)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3985	HGNC: 6614	AceView: LIMK2	Ensembl:ENSG00000182541	euGenes: HUgn3985
ECgene: LIMK2	Kegg: 3985	H-InvDB: LIMK2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for LIMK2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for LIMK2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for LIMK2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for LIMK2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving LIMK2

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from genOway)
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