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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

LIMK2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC22P031608

LIM domain kinase 2

Explore 12 diseases affiliated with
LIMK2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
LIM Domain Kinase 2¹ ²
EC 2.7.11.1³ ⁸
LIMK-2³

External Ids:	HGNC: 6614¹	Entrez Gene: 3985²	Ensembl: ENSG00000182541⁷	OMIM: 601988⁵	UniProtKB: P53671³

Export aliases for LIMK2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC22P028304 GC22P029932 GC22P014569

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for LIMK2:

There are approximately 40 known eukaryotic LIM proteins, so named for the LIM domains they contain. LIM domains are

highly conserved cysteine-rich structures containing 2 zinc fingers. Although zinc fingers usually function by binding

to DNA or RNA, the LIM motif probably mediates protein-protein interactions. LIM kinase-1 and LIM kinase-2 belong to a

small subfamily with a unique combination of 2 N-terminal LIM motifs and a C-terminal protein kinase domain. The

protein encoded by this gene is phosphorylated and activated by ROCK, a downstream effector of Rho, and the encoded

protein, in turn, phosphorylates cofilin, inhibiting its actin-depolymerizing activity. It is thought that this

pathway contributes to Rho-induced reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. At least three transcript variants

encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Function: Displays serine/threonine-specific phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone (MBP) in vitro

Gene Wiki entry for LIMK2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000022.10 NC_018933.1 NT_011520.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the LIMK2 gene promoter:
Max1 Pax-6 Tal-1beta LCR-F1 NF-AT E47 HEN1 NF-AT2 NF-AT1 c-Myc
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): LIMK2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for LIMK2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat LIMK2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 22q12.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 22q12.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 22q12

LIMK2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
LIMK2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 22 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC22P031608: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	31,608,225 bp from pter	End:	31,676,066 bp from pter
Size:	67,842 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: LIM domain kinase 2

Size: 638 amino acids; 72232 Da

Subunit: Binds ROCK1 and LKAP. Interacts with PARD3. Interacts with NISCH (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Isoform LIMK2a: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Isoform LIMK2a is distributed in the cytoplasm and the

nucleus

Subcellular location: Isoform LIMK2b: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Isoform LIMK2b occurs mainly in the cytoplasm and is

scarcely translocated to the nucleus

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAB54055.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for LIMK2:

1X6A (3D)

Secondary accessions: A8K6H5 Q7KZ80 Q7L3H5 Q96E10 Q99464 Q9UFU0

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: P53671-1 P53671-2 P53671-3 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for LIMK2: NX_P53671

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated on serine and/or threonine residues by ROCK1¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P53671

4/13 DME Specific Peptides for LIMK2 (P53671) (see all 13)

IIHRDLN

KYHPECF

DRILEING

GMAYLHSM

LIMK2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001026971.1 NP_005560.1 NP_057952.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000384602 ENSP00000332687 ENSP00000388422 ENSP00000330470 ENSP00000339916

ENSP00000409522

Reactome Protein details: P53671
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals LIMK2 Proteins Novus Biologicals LIMK2 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for LIMK2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	--	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	TAS	8954941
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	8954941
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	--	--
GO:0005801	cis-Golgi network	IEA	--

LIMK2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

LIMK2 Antibody Products:

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for LIMK2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

LIMK2 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):

IPR017441 Protein_kinase_ATP_BS

IPR011009 Kinase-like_dom

IPR000719 Prot_kinase_cat_dom

IPR001478 PDZ

IPR001245 Ser-Thr/Tyr_kinase_cat_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P53671

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P53671

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001478 PDZ/DHR/GLGF domain

IPB001781 Zn-binding protein

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family

Similarity: Contains 2 LIM zinc-binding domains

Similarity: Contains 1 PDZ (DHR) domain

Similarity: Contains 1 protein kinase domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Function: Displays serine/threonine-specific phosphorylation of myelin basic protein and histone (MBP) in vitro

Catalytic activity: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein

Genatlas biochemistry entry for LIMK2:

LIM motif containing protein kinase 2,cytosolic,alternatively spliced in two isoforms LIMK2A and LIMK2B differentially

regulated in a tissue specific manner

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.7.11.1¹ ²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): LIMK2 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat LIMK2
		8/33 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate LIMK2 (see all 33):
		hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-1273d hsa-let-7g hsa-miR-649 hsa-let-7a hsa-miR-23a hsa-miR-761

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: LIMK2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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Gene Editing
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for LIMK2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004672	protein kinase activity	--	--
GO:0004674	protein serine/threonine kinase activity	TAS	8537403
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0008270	zinc ion binding	IEA	--

LIMK2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for LIMK2:

Decreased nuclei size in G2M

Decreased substrate adherent c

Increased HPV18 LCR reporter a

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Limk2^tm1.1Tnak for LIMK2
12 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Limk2):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	endocrine/exocrine gland	hematopoietic system
immune system	limbs/digits/tail	no phenotypic analysis	renal/urinary system	reproductive system
skeleton	vision/eye

LIMK2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/22 super-pathways (see all 22) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Cell adhesion_Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration

Cell adhesion_Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration	1.00	Cytoskeleton remodeling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases	0.49
Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration	1.00	Cytoskeleton remodeling Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility	0.32
Cytoskeleton remodeling_Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases	0.49	Cytoskeleton remodeling_Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility	0.32

Sema4D in semaphorin signaling

	Sema4D in semaphorin signaling	1.00			Semaphorin interactions	0.44
	Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse	0.83

G-protein signaling_RAC1 in cellular process

	Cytoskeleton remodeling_CDC42 in cellular processes	0.37			CDC42 signaling events	0.17
	Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes	0.37

Actin Nucleation by ARP-WASP Complex

	Actin Nucleation and Branching	0.66			CDC42 Pathway	0.34
	RhoA Pathway	0.35

Immune response _CCR3 signaling in eosinophils

Immune response _CCR3 signaling in eosinophils

1.00

Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/6 EMD Millipore Pathways for LIMK2 (see all 6)

	Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration
	Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Fibronectin-binding integrins in cell motility
	Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases

5/14 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for LIMK2 (see all 14)

	RhoA Pathway
	Actin-Based Motility by Rho Family GTPases
	Guidance Cues and Growth Cone Motility
	Internalin Pathway
	Semaphorin Signaling

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for LIMK2

Cytoskeletal Signaling

5/6 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for LIMK2 (see all 6)

	Neurophysiological process Receptor-mediated axon growth repulsion
	Cell adhesion Integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Regulation of actin cytoskeleton by Rho GTPases
	Cytoskeleton remodeling CDC42 in cellular processes
	Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils

3 BioSystems Pathways for LIMK2

	Androgen receptor signaling pathway
	RhoA signaling pathway
	CDC42 signaling events

5 Reactome Pathways for LIMK2

	Developmental Biology
	Sema4D induced cell migration and growth-cone collapse
	Semaphorin interactions
	Sema4D in semaphorin signaling
	Axon guidance

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for LIMK2):

	Axon guidance
	Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis
	Regulation of actin cytoskeleton

LIMK2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for LIMK2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 19)

5/22 Interacting proteins for LIMK2 (P53671^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000339916⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 22)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PARD3	Q8TEW0²^,³, ENSP00000363921⁴	MINT-3380769 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000363921
HIPK3	Q9H422²^,³	MINT-61744 I2D: score=2
CFL1	P23528³, ENSP00000309629⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000309629
LIMK1	P53667³, ENSP00000336740⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000336740
CDC42BPA	Q5VT25³, ENSP00000355731⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000355731

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006468	protein phosphorylation	--	--
GO:0007283	spermatogenesis	IEA	--
GO:0016310	phosphorylation	TAS	8537403
GO:0042325	regulation of phosphorylation	--	--

LIMK2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

LIMK2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for LIMK2

2 HMDB Compounds for LIMK2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
ADP	adenosindiphosphorsaeure (see all 8)	58-64-0	--
Adenosine triphosphate	5'-(tetrahydrogen triphosphate) Adenosine (see all 24)	56-65-5	--

4 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for LIMK2 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
leptomycin b	62.6	3	15923181 (1), 16820362 (1)
threonine	43.9	3	18000399 (1), 8537403 (1), 9089416 (1)
serine	30.1	3	18000399 (1), 8537403 (1), 9089416 (1)
tyrosine	0	2	9089416 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about LIMK2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for LIMK2 gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_001031801.1 NM_005569.3 NM_016733.2

Unigene Cluster for LIMK2:

LIM domain kinase 2

Hs.474596 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_016733

10 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000462625 ENST00000406516 ENST00000331728(uc003akh.3 uc003aki.3)

ENST00000425203 ENST00000333611(uc003akk.3 uc011aln.2) ENST00000340552(uc003akj.3)

ENST00000465937 ENST00000482270 ENST00000467301 ENST00000444929

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		8/33 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate LIMK2 (see all 33):
		hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-1273d hsa-let-7g hsa-miR-649 hsa-let-7a hsa-miR-23a hsa-miR-761

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: LIMK2 3' UTR sequence

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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat LIMK2

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB451269.1 AB451396.1 AK092838.1 AK093554.1 AK291640.1 AK293774.1 AK299112.1 AK302553.1

AK314391.1 AL117466.1 BC013051.1 CR456513.1 D45906.1 D85527.1

24/32 DOTS entries (see all 32):

DT.95270024 DT.95270027 DT.100815849 DT.100815843 DT.452864 DT.100815850 DT.120673574 DT.100815855

DT.120673583 DT.40195147 DT.97864995 DT.100698470 DT.91658352 DT.100705713 DT.100763362 DT.100815853

DT.102843229 DT.120673496 DT.92439138 DT.95362316 DT.97768439 DT.100042112 DT.100703519 DT.100815854

24/710 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 710):

CB305396 CR456513 BX387588 AL117466 BC012817 BF446788 BQ893147 AA380740

BF724908 BX410566 AI801077 CR456349 AW410961 BC033166 BC009504 BX380756

AI968407 CB164761 NM_005569 AA353025 BM789313 AI394573 CD672275 BC069286

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/15 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for LIMK2 (see all 15) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	^	2a	·	2b	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	·	4c	^	5a	·	5b	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	^	12	^	13	^
SP1:											-		-		-				-		-		-
SP2:											-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP3:																																																	-
SP4:
SP5:									-		-		-		-				-		-		-

ExUns:	14a	·	14b	·	14c	^	15a	·	15b	^	16a	·	16b	^	17	^	18a	·	18b
SP1:	-												-		-
SP2:	-												-		-
SP3:	-
SP4:	-												-
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for LIMK2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

LIMK2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --

About this image

LIMK2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Eye

Inner Nuclear Layer

Cholinergic Amacrine Cells

Amacrine, Retina

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See LIMK2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for LIMK2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.474596

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LIMK2_HUMAN, P53671

Tissue specificity: Highest expression in the placenta; moderate level in liver, lung, kidney, and pancreas. LIMK2a is

found to be more abundant then LIMK2b in liver, colon, stomach, and spleen, while in brain, kidney, and placenta

LIMK2b is the dominant form. In adult lung, both LIMK2a and LIMK2b is nearly equally observed

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including LIMK2:

Cytoskeleton Regulators in human mouse rat

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In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for LIMK2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for LIMK2 gene from 5/20 species (see all 20) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	LIMK2¹	LIM domain kinase 2	79.47(n) 86.52(a)		396010 NM_205115.1 NP_990446.1
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	AB038517.1²	--	77.94(n)		AB038517.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	limk2¹	LIM domain kinase 2	68.13(n) 69.64(a)		436924 NM_001002651.1 NP_001002651.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	LIMK1⁶	LIM-kinase1	20(a)	1 → many	X(12478418-12486226)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	K09B11.5⁶ kin-21⁶ (see all 5)	protein KINase family member (kin-21) (see all 5)	18(a) 17(a) (see all 5)	possible ortholog possible ortholog (see all 5)	IV(13431218-13434044) IV(9832915-9834802)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for LIMK2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for LIMK2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for LIMK2 gene

TESK2² TESK1² LIMK1²

11 SIMAP similar genes for LIMK2 using alignment to 7 protein entries: LIMK2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

PPP1R14B PPP1R14C LIMK1 PPP1R14D PPP1R14A LMX1B

TESK2 DKFZp686M05208 ABLIM1 PDLIM5 DKFZp564L2416

LIMK2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for LIMK2
PGOHUM00000241188

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 22 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs41279977^1,2	C,	--	14568679(+)	`CACACC/GCAGAA`	1	--	us2k¹		2		NA	122
rs9606827^1,2	C,F,H,	--	14568914(+)	`GATGTA/GAGGAA`	1	--	us2k¹		5		NS NA	526
rs114649763^1,2	C,F,	--	14569074(+)	`AAGCTA/GCTCAG`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs75816977^1,2	F,	--	14569440(+)	`TGGTCG/ACCTCC`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs73392247^1,2	C,	--	14569771(+)	`TGTTGA/CGACTT`	1	--	us2k¹		2		WA	120
rs115847103^1,2	C,F,	--	14570072(+)	`CTGAGG/TGGAGC`	1	--	ut5¹		1		WA	118
rs199647773^1,2	C	--	14571080(+)	`GGCCCA/CCCTCT`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs58321713^1,2		--	14571936(+)	`TTGTTC/GGATTC`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs62237437^1,2	C,	--	14572175(+)	`CCACGG/ATGGTT`	1	--	int¹		1		NA	2
rs75474170^1,2		--	14572267(+)	`TTTTTG/TAAGGG`	1	--	int¹		1		NA	2

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for LIMK2 (31608225 - 31676066 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for LIMK2
1 Indel: 103152

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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LIMK2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 601988    OMIM disorders: --

12 diseases for LIMK2:    About MalaCards

williams syndrome myotonic dystrophy male infertility infertility

retinoblastoma pancreatic cancer prostate cancer pancreatitis

prostatitis neuronitis breast cancer alcoholism

4 Novoseek disease relationships for LIMK2 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
williams syndrome	54.9	1	9089416 (1)
metastasis	0	1	17188549 (1)
tumors	0	1	19881550 (1)
cancer	0	1	17188549 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: LIMK2 (4 documents)

Export disorders for LIMK2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for LIMK2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 67):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with LIMK2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification and characterization of a novel family of serine/threonine kinases containing two N-terminal LIM motifs. (PubMed id 8537403)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Okano I.... Mizuno K. (1995)
The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. (PubMed id 10591208)^{1, 2, 3} Dunham I....O'Brien K.P. (1999)
Specific activation of LIM kinase 2 via phosphorylation of threonine 505 by ROCK, a Rho-dependent protein kinase. (PubMed id 11018042)^{1, 2, 9} Sumi T.... Nakamura T. (2001)
Activation of LIM kinases by myotonic dystrophy kinase-related Cdc42-binding kinase alpha. (PubMed id 11340065)^{1, 2, 9} Sumi T....Nakamura T. (2001)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. (PubMed id 15461802)^{1, 2} Collins J.E.... Dunham I. (2004)
Towards a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. (PubMed id 11230166)^{1, 2} Wiemann S.... Poustka A. (2001)
Signaling from Rho to the actin cytoskeleton through protein kinases ROCK and LIM-kinase. (PubMed id 10436159)^{1, 2} Maekawa M.... Narumiya S. (1999)
Subcellular localization and protein interaction of the human LIMK2 gene expressing alternative transcripts with tissue-specific regulation. (PubMed id 8954941)^{1, 2} Osada H....Takahashi T. (1996)
Inhibition of nuclear import of LIMK2 in endothelial cells by protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation at Ser-283. (PubMed id 15923181)^{1, 9} Goyal P....Siess W. (2005)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3985	HGNC: 6614	AceView: LIMK2	Ensembl:ENSG00000182541	euGenes: HUgn3985
ECgene: LIMK2	Kegg: 3985	H-InvDB: LIMK2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for LIMK2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for LIMK2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for LIMK2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for LIMK2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving LIMK2

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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