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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

LDHA Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 73
GCID: GC11P018415

lactate dehydrogenase A

Explore 60 diseases affiliated with
LDHA via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Lactate Dehydrogenase A¹ ²		GSD11² ⁵
Cell Proliferation-Inducing Gene 19 Protein² ³		LDH1² ⁵
Renal Carcinoma Antigen NY-REN-59² ³		LDHM²
LDH-A² ³		L-Lactate Dehydrogenase A Chain²
LDH-M² ³		Lactate Dehydrogenase M²
LDH Muscle Subunit² ³		Proliferation-Inducing Gene 19²
EC 1.1.1.27³ ⁸		EC 1.1.1⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 6535¹	Entrez Gene: 3939²	Ensembl: ENSG00000134333⁷	OMIM: 150000⁵	UniProtKB: P00338³

ORGUL members:
	NONCODE:n408290

Export aliases for LDHA gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11P019537 GC11P019358 GC11P018455 GC11P018380 GC11P018372 GC11P018101

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for LDHA:

The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the conversion of L-lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH in the final step

of anaerobic glycolysis. The protein is found predominantly in muscle tissue and belongs to the lactate dehydrogenase

family. Mutations in this gene have been linked to exertional myoglobinuria. Multiple transcript variants encoding

different isoforms have been found for this gene. The human genome contains several non-transcribed pseudogenes of

this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008)

Gene Wiki entry for LDHA

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.9 NC_018922.1 NT_009237.18

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the LDHA gene promoter:
CREB POU2F1 POU2F1a deltaCREB
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: LDHA promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for LDHA

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat LDHA

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.4 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11p15.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.1

LDHA Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
LDHA gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11P018415: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	18,415,935 bp from pter	End:	18,429,972 bp from pter
Size:	14,038 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LDHA_HUMAN, P00338 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain

Size: 332 amino acids; 36689 Da

Subunit: Homotetramer

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for LDHA:

1I10 (3D)

4AJP (3D)

Secondary accessions: B4DKQ2 B7Z5E3 D3DQY3 F8W819 Q53G53 Q6IBM7 Q6ZNV1 Q9UDE8 Q9UDE9

Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms: P00338-1 P00338-2 P00338-3 P00338-4 P00338-5 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for LDHA: NX_P00338

Post-translational modifications:

ISGylated¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P00338

4/32 DME Specific Peptides for LDHA (P00338) (see all 32)

NPVDILT

KSADTLW

IKLKGYT

VVESAYE

LDHA Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts):

NP_001128711.1 NP_001158886.1 NP_001158887.1 NP_001158888.1 NP_005557.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000395337 ENSP00000440161 ENSP00000443545 ENSP00000406172 ENSP00000379524

ENSP00000444292 ENSP00000442979 ENSP00000440368 ENSP00000441058 ENSP00000443362

ENSP00000438241 ENSP00000442637 ENSP00000227157 ENSP00000441241 ENSP00000446415

ENSP00000368722 ENSP00000445331 ENSP00000441699 ENSP00000445175

Reactome Protein details: P00338
Human Recombinant Protein Products for LDHA:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
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	OriGene Purified Protein: LDHA OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 3): LDHA OriGene Custom Protein Services for LDHA
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	Novus Biologicals LDHA Proteins Novus Biologicals LDHA Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for LDHA
	Uscn Proteins for LDHA

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0019861	flagellum	--	--

LDHA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

LDHA Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of LDHA
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	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for LDHA (LDH-A)
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 8): LDHA OriGene Custom Antibody Services for LDHA
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	Abcam antibodies for LDHA
	Uscn Antibodies for LDHA
	ThermoFisher Antibody for LDHA

Assay Products for LDHA:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for LDHA
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for LDHA

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

LDHA for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):

IPR001236 Lactate/malate_DH_N

IPR018177 L-lactate_DH_AS

IPR022383 Lactate/malate_DH_C

IPR015955 Lactate_DH/Glyco_Ohase_4_C

IPR011304 L-lactate_DH

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P00338

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P00338

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001557 L-lactate dehydrogenase

IPB011304 L-lactate dehydrogenase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LDHA_HUMAN, P00338

Similarity: Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: LDHA_HUMAN, P00338

Catalytic activity: (S)-lactate + NAD(+) = pyruvate + NADH

Genatlas biochemistry entry for LDHA:

lactate dehydrogenase A,glycolysis,energy pathway,putative up-regulated c-Myc target gene,

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.1.1.27¹ ² EC 1.1.1²

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0003876	AMP deaminase activity	--	--
GO:0004459	L-lactate dehydrogenase activity	NAS	1953713
GO:0005515	protein binding	--	--
GO:0016616	oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor	--	--

LDHA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
10 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 13 alleles) (MGI details for Ldha):

cardiovascular system	growth/size	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system
liver/biliary system	mortality/aging	normal	respiratory system	tumorigenesis

LDHA for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for LDHA

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 5): LDHA Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat LDHA
		8/11 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate LDHA (see all 11):
		hsa-miR-34c-5p hsa-miR-449b hsa-miR-491-3p hsa-miR-501-3p hsa-miR-449a hsa-miR-33a hsa-miR-502-3p hsa-miR-34a

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: LDHA 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for LDHA (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: LDHA OriGene siRNA: LDHA
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat LDHA
		Sirion Biotech Custom design and validation of potent shRNA sequences against LDHA

Gene Editing Products:			DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for LDHA
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Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for LDHA (see all 8) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for LDHA (see all 6) OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): LDHA (NM_001135239)
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for LDHA
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for LDHA

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/15 super-pathways (see all 15) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Metabolism

Metabolism

1.00

Metabolic pathways

0.38

Transcription CREB pathway

Transcription CREB pathway

1.00

Transcription_CREB pathway

0.93

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (short map)

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

0.60

Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis

0.41

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

1.00

Pyruvate metabolism

Pyruvate metabolism

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for LDHA

Transcription CREB pathway

2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for LDHA

	HIF1Alpha Pathway
	Metabolic States and Circadian Oscillators

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for LDHA

Glucose / Energy Metabolism

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for LDHA

Transcription CREB pathway

4 BioSystems Pathways for LDHA

	Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis
	HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network
	Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional activation
	pyruvate fermentation to lactate

4 Reactome Pathways for LDHA

	Pyruvate metabolism
	Pyruvate metabolism and Citric Acid (TCA) cycle
	Metabolism
	The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport

5 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for LDHA):

	Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
	Cysteine and methionine metabolism
	Pyruvate metabolism
	Propanoate metabolism
	Metabolic pathways

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LDHA_HUMAN, P00338

Pathway: Fermentation; pyruvate fermentation to lactate; (S)-lactate from pyruvate: step 1/1

LDHA for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for LDHA

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/83 Interacting proteins for LDHA (P00338^{2, 3} ENSP00000395337⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 83)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
HSP90AB1	P08238²^,³	MINT-72650 I2D: score=3
YWHAZ	P63104²^,³, ENSP00000309503⁴	MINT-3304540 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000309503
KAT2A	Q92830³, ENSP00000225916⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000225916
XRN1	Q8IZH2³, ENSP00000264951⁴	I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000264951
H3F3A	P84243³	I2D: score=1

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006090	pyruvate metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0006096	glycolysis	NAS	1953713
GO:0006144	purine nucleobase metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006196	AMP catabolic process	--	--
GO:0031668	cellular response to extracellular stimulus	IEA	--

LDHA for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

LDHA for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for LDHA

2 HMDB Compounds for LDHA About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
NAD	3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)	53-84-9	--
NADH	1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (see all 17)	58-68-4	--

5 DrugBank Compounds for LDHA About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Etheno-Nad	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
NADH	beta-DPNH (see all 18)	606-68-8	target	--	17006762 17308685 17555402
Nicotinamide	--	98-92-0	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Nicotinamide-Adenine-Dinucleotide	--	53-84-9	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Oxamic Acid	--	471-47-6	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235

10/13 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for LDHA gene (see all 13) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
lactate	81.3	141	11085930 (3), 19088479 (2), 10671207 (2), 19033423 (2) (see all 70)
pyruvate	70.2	26	15231792 (2), 11085930 (2), 12923786 (1), 17521432 (1) (see all 13)
glucose	42.9	47	11085930 (7), 19797055 (2), 8529674 (2), 16098620 (1) (see all 15)
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	41.5	6	15752986 (1), 16714762 (1), 7524903 (1), 10897012 (1)
vegf	31.4	11	20368990 (2), 16884534 (1), 18086000 (1), 9746763 (1) (see all 8)
nadh	25.4	1	16198644 (1)
atp	23.3	1	20133848 (1)
oxygen	18.8	8	16098620 (3), 15231792 (1), 17512623 (1)
nadph	16.1	1	16198644 (1)
agarose	0	1	1959923 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about LDHA

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for LDHA gene (5 alternative transcripts):

NM_001135239.1 NM_001165414.1 NM_001165415.1 NM_001165416.1 NM_005566.3

Unigene Cluster for LDHA:

Lactate dehydrogenase A

Hs.2795 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001165414

18/25 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant (see all 25):

ENST00000422447(uc001mok.3 uc009yho.2 uc001mol.3 uc010rdc.1 uc021qep.1)

ENST00000543445 ENST00000469976 ENST00000545467 ENST00000430553 ENST00000396222

ENST00000535451 ENST00000494573 ENST00000539814 ENST00000543695 ENST00000536528

ENST00000541097 ENST00000541620 ENST00000545215 ENST00000227157 ENST00000478970

ENST00000495052 ENST00000379412

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat LDHA
		8/11 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate LDHA (see all 11):
		hsa-miR-34c-5p hsa-miR-449b hsa-miR-491-3p hsa-miR-501-3p hsa-miR-449a hsa-miR-33a hsa-miR-502-3p hsa-miR-34a

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: LDHA 3' UTR sequence

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		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for LDHA (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: LDHA OriGene siRNA: LDHA
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat LDHA
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 5): LDHA (NM_001135239)
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		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat LDHA
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat LDHA

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK026515.1 AK130035.1 AK130105.1 AK130587.1 AK223078.1 AK296089.1 AK296667.1 AK298834.1

AK307477.1 AY423727.1 BC067223.1 CR456775.1 CR541714.1 NR_028500.1 X02152.1

24/104 DOTS entries (see all 104):

DT.95162838 DT.91790686 DT.95162817 DT.100738636 DT.100738608 DT.97811118 DT.120724436 DT.100738612

DT.100738605 DT.100738607 DT.100738567 DT.100738603 DT.92407662 DT.100738631 DT.100045658 DT.100738569

DT.120724341 DT.91882069 DT.120724437 DT.97833241 DT.97810430 DT.92330182 DT.100738592 DT.100688231

24/3372 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 3372):

CB140548 BM837310 CB113167 AU103305 AU103266 CB109545 BM839284 BM550465

CB122462 AA577685 CR607173 CR620732 CB136458 AA577529 BM763652 BM788666

BM749402 BP871163 BX396071 BI869437 BM788293 AA595638 CR612498 AU139977

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/7 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for LDHA (see all 7) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9	^	10a	·	10b	^	11	^	12	^	13a	·	13b
SP1:															-														-		-
SP2:			-		-										-
SP3:					-				-						-
SP4:									-						-
SP5:			-		-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-				-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for LDHA

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

LDHA expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TCTTGTGCAT

About this image

LDHA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See LDHA Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for LDHA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.2795

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including LDHA (see all 146):

Antiviral Response in human mouse rat

Multiple Sclerosis in human mouse rat

Wound Healing in human mouse rat

Prostate Cancer in human mouse rat

Drug Metabolism: Phase I Enzymes in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for LDHA Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat LDHA

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for LDHA

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for LDHA gene from 8/29 species (see all 29) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	LDHA¹	lactate dehydrogenase A	79.6(n) 85.15(a)		396221 NM_205284.1 NP_990615.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	--	--	85(a)	1 → many	1(67804302-67811950)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	ldha-prov²	lactate dehydrogenase A	78.26(n)		BC045015.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	57034778²	--	99.13(n)		57034778
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	ImpL3^{1 , 3}	glycolysis L-lactate dehydrogenase³ Ecdysone-inducible gene L3¹	59(a) (best of 2)³ 59.04(n)¹ 59.94(a)¹		65A11³ 45880¹ NM_057233.4¹ NP_476581.1¹
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	ldh-1^{1 , 3}	L-lactate dehydrogenase³ Protein LDH-1¹	61(a)³ 59.23(n)¹ 59.02(a)¹		II(11725228-11726333)³ 174798¹ NM_064102.4¹ NP_496503.1¹
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	AT4G17260¹	L-lactate dehydrogenase	54.56(n) 54.34(a)		827440 NM_117832.3 NP_193459.1
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	AK106504.1²	--	74.23(n)		AK106504.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for LDHA (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for LDHA (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for LDHA gene

UEVLD² LDHAL6B² LDHB² LDHAL6A² LDHC²

5 SIMAP similar genes for LDHA using alignment to 12 protein entries: LDHA_HUMAN (see all proteins):

LDHC LDHB LDHAL6A LDHAL6B UEVLD

LDHA for paralogs About GeneDecksing

5/7 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for LDHA (see all 7)
PGOHUM00000238635 PGOHUM00000245261 PGOHUM00000240118 PGOHUM00000259738 PGOHUM00000259778

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 11 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs12578098^1,2	H	--	18099223(+)	`ACCTAG/ATTTAT`	5	--	us2k¹		4		NS EA	410
rs73434676^1,2	C	--	18099284(+)	`TCTTCG/ATCTCC`	5	--	us2k¹		2		WA	120
rs79288565^1,2		--	18099664(+)	`CACCTC/TAACCA`	5	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs35341031^1,2	C	--	18100371(+)	`AACCCA/GGGAGG`	5	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs199952689^1,2	C	--	18100664(-)	`TTTTTG/TGTTTT`	5	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs113277870^1,2	C	--	18101247(+)	`CGCACG/TTCCGC`	6	--	ut5¹ nc-transcript-variantus2k¹		1		CSA	2
rs112306841^1,2	C	--	18101324(+)	`GCTGCA/C/GGCCGC`	11	--	ut5¹ us2k¹ nc-transcript-variant		0	--	--	--	--
rs1969565^1,2	C,F,H	--	18101505(-)	`GGCTCC/GTACAC`	6	--	int¹ us2k¹		11		MN NA NS EA WA	860
rs12278153^1,2	C,F	--	18101520(+)	`TCCAGA/CAGCAC`	6	--	int¹ us2k¹		3		WA CSA	122
rs116707169^1,2	C,F	--	18101899(+)	`CAGCTG/TCTGCC`	6	--	int¹ us2k¹		1		WA	118

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for LDHA (18415935 - 18429972 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for LDHA
1 Indel: 11545
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): LDHA

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing LDHA

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for LDHA

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

LDHA for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 150000
OMIM disorders: 612933
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: LDHA_HUMAN, P00338

Defects in LDHA are the cause of glycogen storage disease type 11 (GSD11) [MIM:612933]. A metabolic disorder

that results in exertional myoglobinuria, pain, cramps and easy fatigue

20/60 diseases for LDHA (see all 60): About MalaCards

lactate dehydrogenase-b deficiency lactate dehydrogenase a deficiency renal carcinoma lactate dehydrogenase deficiency

glycogen storage disease leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer leiomyomatosis

clostridium difficile pre-eclampsia carcinoma soft tissue sarcoma

germ cell tumor malignant germ cell tumor b-cell lymphomas chronic myeloproliferative disease

adult t-cell leukemia papillary thyroid carcinoma lymphosarcoma panic disorder

2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for LDHA:

Myocardial infarction Cancer

5 Novoseek disease relationships for LDHA gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
rhabdomyolysis	45.8	5	7630349 (1), 7549132 (1), 8327147 (1)
cancer	30.7	15	19088479 (1), 19689405 (1), 18811052 (1), 9465046 (1) (see all 11)
tumors	23.1	27	20133848 (4), 10897012 (2), 16766262 (2), 8116930 (1) (see all 12)
breast cancer	1.67	8	19668225 (2), 20144215 (2), 12160330 (1)
preeclampsia	0	2	11286567 (2)

Genatlas disease: LDHA

myoglobinuria,exertional and/or excessive fatigability

Genetic Association Database (GAD): LDHA
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: LDHA (5 documents)

Export disorders for LDHA gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for LDHA gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 218):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with LDHA)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Genomic organization of human lactate dehydrogenase-A gene. (PubMed id 3000353)^{1, 2, 3} Chung F.Z.... Li S.S.-L. (1985)
Association of an exonic LDHA polymorphism with altered respiratory response in probands at high risk for panic disorder. (PubMed id 12555229)^{1, 4, 9} Philibert R.A....Coryell W.H. (2003)
Genotypic analysis of families with lactate dehydrogenase A (M) deficiency by selective DNA amplification. (PubMed id 1959923)^{1, 2, 9} Maekawa M.... Kanno T. (1991)
Molecular analysis of genetic mutation in electrophoretic variant of human lactate dehydrogenase-A(M) subunit. (PubMed id 1445373)^{1, 2, 9} Sudo K.... Toriumi J. (1992)
Analysis of genetic mutations in human lactate dehydrogenase-A(M) deficiency using DNA conformation polymorphism in combination with polyacrylamide gradient gel and silver staining. (PubMed id 1953713)^{1, 2, 9} Maekawa M.... Kanno T. (1991)
Molecular characterization of genetic mutation in human lactate dehydrogenase-A (M) deficiency. (PubMed id 2334430)^{1, 2, 9} Maekawa M....Li S.S. (1990)
Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. (PubMed id 15592455)^{1, 2} Rush J.... Comb M.J. (2005)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Structural basis for altered activity of M- and H-isozyme forms of human lactate dehydrogenase. (PubMed id 11276087)^{1, 2} Read J.A.... Brady R.L. (2001)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3939	HGNC: 6535	AceView: LDHA	Ensembl:ENSG00000134333	euGenes: HUgn3939
ECgene: LDHA	Kegg: 3939	H-InvDB: LDHA

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for LDHA	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for LDHA	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/LDHA
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactate_dehydrogenase
Protein Spotlight	http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt109.shtml

Intellectual Property for LDHA gene
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Patent Information for LDHA gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving LDHA

GeneCards and IP:
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lactate dehydrogenase A

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lactate dehydrogenase A

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