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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

KYNU Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC02P143657

kynureninase

(Previous name: kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase) )
 Explore 16 diseases affiliated with
KYNU via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for KYNU    

Aliases
for KYNU gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Kynureninase1
Kynureninase (L-Kynurenine Hydrolase)1 2
EC 3.7.1.33 8
L-Kynurenine Hydrolase3

External Ids:    HGNC: 64691   Entrez Gene: 89422   Ensembl: ENSG000001159197   OMIM: 6051975   UniProtKB: Q167193   

Export aliases for KYNU gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P141324 GC02P141952 GC02P143845 GC02P143468 GC02P143351 GC02P135626


Summaries
for KYNU gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for KYNU:
Kynureninase is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) dependent enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine and
L-3-hydroxykynurenine into anthranilic and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acids, respectively. Kynureninase is involved in the
biosynthesis of NAD cofactors from tryptophan through the kynurenine pathway. Alternative splicing results in multiple
transcript variants. (provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719
Function: Catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3-hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid
(AA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA), respectively. Has a preference for the L-3-hydroxy form. Also has
cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase activity

Gene Wiki entry for KYNU (Kynureninase)


Genomic Views
for KYNU gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_022135.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the KYNU gene promoter:
         COUP-TF1   AP-1   GATA-3   COUP   LCR-F1   HNF-4alpha1   GATA-1   GATA-2   SRY   COUP-TF   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: KYNU promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for KYNU

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat KYNU


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q22.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2q22.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q22.2

KYNU Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
KYNU gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P143657:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 143,635,067 bp from pter      End:
 143,799,890 bp from pter
Size:
 164,824 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for KYNU gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Kynureninase  
Size: 465 amino acids; 52352 Da
Cofactor: Pyridoxal phosphate
Subunit: Homodimer
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm
Mass spectrometry: Mass=52400; Method=MALDI; Range=1-465; Note=The reported mass is given to only three significant
figures; Source=PubMed:11985583;
Caution: It has been reported that this enzyme possesses no measurable activity against L-kynurenine and is subject to
inhibition by both L-kynurenine and D-kynurenine at pH 7.9 (PubMed:11985583)
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for KYNU:
2HZP (3D)        3E9K (3D)    
Secondary accessions: B2RCZ5 D3DP79 Q6I9T2 Q9BVW3
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q16719-1   Q16719-2   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for KYNU: NX_Q16719

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q16719

    • 4/7 DME Specific Peptides for KYNU (Q16719) (see all 7)
     APVPLYN  LTVNLHL  RISNPPI  GNSLGLQP 

    KYNU Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001028170.1  NP_001186170.1  NP_003928.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000264170   ENSP00000364928   ENSP00000386731   ENSP00000387296   ENSP00000401190  
    Reactome Protein details: Q16719
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    OriGene Purified Protein: KYNU
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 3): KYNU
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    Novus Biologicals KYNU Proteins
    Novus Biologicals KYNU Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for KYNU

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005625soluble fraction ----
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005730NOT nucleolus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0005739mitochondrion IDA6468727


    KYNU for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    KYNU Antibody Products: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for KYNU

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for KYNU gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    KYNU for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR015422 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub2
     IPR015424 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase
     IPR000192 Aminotrans_V/Cys_dSase
     IPR010111 Kynureninase
     IPR015421 PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major_sub1

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q16719

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q16719

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719
    Similarity: Belongs to the kynureninase family


    Function
    for KYNU gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719
    Function: Catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3-hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid
    (AA) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA), respectively. Has a preference for the L-3-hydroxy form. Also has
    cysteine-conjugate-beta-lyase activity
    Catalytic activity: L-kynurenine + H(2)O = anthranilate + L-alanine
    Catalytic activity: L-3-hydroxykynurenine + H(2)O = 3-hydroxyanthranilate + L-alanine
    Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by o-methoxybenzoylalanine (OMBA)
    Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=493 uM for L-kynurenine (at pH 7.0); KM=28.3 uM for
    DL-3-hydroxykynurenine (at pH 7.0); KM=3.0 uM for DL-3-hydroxykynurenine (at pH 7.9); pH dependence: Optimum pH is
    8.25 with DL-3-hydroxykynurenine as substrate;
    Induction: Increased levels in several cerebral and systemic inflammatory conditions

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 3.7.1.31 2

    miRNA
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    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KYNU
    3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate KYNU:
    hsa-miR-203 hsa-miR-28-3p hsa-miR-576-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KYNU 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KYNU (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: KYNU
    OriGene siRNA: KYNU
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat KYNU

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): KYNU (NM_003937)
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    In Situ Assay
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0030170pyridoxal phosphate binding IEA--
    GO:0030429kynureninase activity TAS--
    GO:0042803protein homodimerization activity IDA11985583


    KYNU for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for KYNU:
     Increased TP53 protein express 


    Pathways & Interactions
    for KYNU gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/7 super-pathways (see all 7) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
    		tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde1.00
    		Tryptophan catabolism0.45
    		NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)0.50
    2Metabolism
    		Metabolism1.00
    		Metabolic pathways0.38
    3NAD metabolism
    		NAD metabolism1.00
    		NAD metabolism1.00
    4Tryptophan metabolism
    		Tryptophan metabolism1.00
    		Tryptophan metabolism0.47
    5Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
    		Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for KYNU
        NAD metabolism


    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for KYNU
        NAD metabolism

    5 BioSystems Pathways for KYNU 
        Selenium Pathway
    tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
    Tryptophan metabolism
    NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)
    tryptophan degradation III (eukaryotic)

    3        Reactome Pathways for KYNU
        Tryptophan catabolism
    Metabolism
    Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives


    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for KYNU):
        Tryptophan metabolism
    Metabolic pathways

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719
    Pathway: Amino-acid degradation; L-kynurenine degradation; L-alanine and anthranilate from L-kynurenine: step 1/1
    Pathway: Cofactor biosynthesis; NAD(+) biosynthesis; quinolinate from L-kynurenine: step 2/3


    KYNU for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for KYNU

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 16)

    5/50 Interacting proteins for KYNU (Q167193 ENSP000002641704) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 50)

    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    OXSMQ9NWU13, ENSP000002807014I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000280701
    UBCP0CG483, ENSP000003448184I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000344818
    SHMT2P348973, ENSP000003336674I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000333667
    CDC7O003113I2D: score=4 
    MARCH6O603373I2D: score=3 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006569tryptophan catabolic process TAS--
    GO:0009435NAD biosynthetic process IEA--
    GO:0019441tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine IEA--
    GO:0019442tryptophan catabolic process to acetyl-CoA IEA--
    GO:0019805quinolinate biosynthetic process IDA9291104


    KYNU for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for KYNU gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    KYNU for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for KYNU

    10/11 HMDB Compounds for KYNU (see all 11)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    2-Aminobenzoic acid1-Amino-2-carboxybenzene (see all 30)118-92-3--
    3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid2-Amino-3-hydroxybenzoate (see all 17)548-93-6--
    Formylanthranilic acid2-(Formylamino)-benzoic acid (see all 8)3342-77-6--
    Hydroxykynurenine3-(3-hydroxyanthraniloyl)-Alanine (see all 7)484-78-6--
    L-3-Hydroxykynurenine3-Hydroxy-L-kynurenine (see all 4)606-14-4--
    L-Alanine(2S)-2-Aminopropanoate (see all 35)56-41-7--
    L-Kynurenine(S)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoate (see all 15)343-65-7--
    N'-Formylkynurenine3-(N-formylanthraniloyl)-Alanine (see all 9)1022-31-7--
    NAD3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)53-84-9--
    Pyridoxal 5'-phosphateApolon B6 (see all 27)54-47-7--

    3 DrugBank Compounds for KYNU    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Pyridoxal PhosphateCodecarboxylase (see all 9)54-47-7targetcofactor17300176 12204580 11985583 14756555
    L-Alanine(2S)-2-Aminopropanoic acid (see all 15)56-41-7target--17300176 17334708
    3-Hydroxyhippuric acid-- --target--10592235

    10/18 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for KYNU gene (see all 18)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    kynurenine 94.8 50 9628740 (4), 9291104 (3), 15023073 (2), 14505498 (2) (see all 28)
    3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 91.7 10 9291104 (3), 15961579 (1), 19143568 (1), 15530458 (1) (see all 6)
    3-hydroxykynurenine 90.5 9 19143568 (2), 8706755 (1), 9291104 (1), 14505498 (1) (see all 6)
    quinolinic acid 84.8 7 9291104 (3), 9871640 (1), 11795205 (1), 10966936 (1)
    indoleamine 77.6 6 15206722 (1), 15541637 (1), 15961579 (1), 16365156 (1) (see all 6)
    anthranilate 76.7 5 9477966 (2), 14756555 (1), 10482441 (1), 10655781 (1)
    xanthurenic acid 74.8 1 17334708 (1)
    kynurenic acid 73.4 3 9174065 (1), 8293279 (1)
    pyridoxal 5-phosphate 68.7 15 14756555 (4), 9264543 (3), 17300176 (2), 19143568 (1)
    l-tryptophan 66.9 3 9291104 (2), 8417138 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about KYNU 

    Transcripts
    for KYNU gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for KYNU gene (3 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001032998.1  NM_001199241.1  NM_003937.2  

    Unigene Cluster for KYNU:

    Kynureninase
    Hs.470126  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001199241
    6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000264170(uc010fnm.3 uc002tvl.3) ENST00000375773(uc002tvk.3)
    ENST00000409512 ENST00000410015 ENST00000424385 ENST00000460143

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    hsa-miR-203 hsa-miR-28-3p hsa-miR-576-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KYNU 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat KYNU
    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK223426.1 AK290900.1 AK292095.1 AK315343.1 BC000879.1 CR457423.1 D55639.1 U57721.1 

    14 DOTS entries:

    DT.314198  DT.95245947  DT.100796487  DT.100796489  DT.100741157  DT.95245948  DT.95245967  DT.86845405 
    DT.99938229  DT.100796490  DT.99988158  DT.120997401  DT.405960  DT.91684271 

    24/201 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 201):

    CB151988 BX118102 BU626575 BQ015674 CA417828 BQ888947 AA381427 AI221609 
    CA308805 CR615056 AA361162 BM760211 CB529564 CR592463 CB119680 BU619219 
    BU632567 BQ233093 AL548658 CA416906 R11005 AI050819 CA438414 BQ012166 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for KYNU gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    KYNU expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TAACTAACAA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    KYNU expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 4 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ endothelial progenitor RP1-MV2-18 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Endothelium
    PureStem™ progenitor E44 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Adult human kidney epithelial cells (Primary Cell)Kidney
    Definitive endoderm-like cells (Generation of mesend...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See KYNU Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for KYNU

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.470126

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in all tissues tested (heart, brain placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and
    pancreas). Highest levels found in placenta, liver and lung. Expressed in all brain regions

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including KYNU: 
              Amino Acid Metabolism I in human mouse rat

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    Orthologs
    for KYNU gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for KYNU gene from 6/24 species (see all 24)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Kynu1 , 5 kynureninase (L-kynurenine hydrolase)1, 5 84.27(n)1
    83.77(a)1    		   2 (25.64 cM)5
    707891  NM_027552.11  NP_081828.11 
     435553295 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves KYNU1 kynureninase 71.07(n)
    71.43(a)    		   424302  XM_422147.3  XP_422147.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia KYNU6
    		 --
    		 70(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 1(101210493-101343144)
    tropical clawed frog
    (Xenopus tropicalis)    		 Amphibia BX732155.12   -- 72.42(n)    BX732155.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii CABZ01084055.16
    		 --
    		 60(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 6(473086-475825)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea C15H9.71 , 3 kynureninase3
    Protein C15H9.71    		 50(a)3
    55(n)1
    50.45(a)1    		   X(6142273-6144604)3
    1808831  NM_076622.31  NP_509023.11 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KYNU (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for KYNU (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for KYNU gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for KYNU gene

    KYNU for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    3 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for KYNU
    PGOHUM00000236956 PGOHUM00000237270 PGOHUM00000237271


    Genomic Variants
    for KYNU gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/2747 NCBI SNPs in KYNU are shown (see all 2747)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs780208061,2
    		--135624515(+) TCTTTA/TTGTTC 3 -- us2k10--------
    rs10011131,2
    		C,F,O,A,H,--135624946(+) ATCTTG/ATGAAA 3 -- us2k111Minor allele frequency- A:0.06NS EA NA WA 2240
    rs10006441,2
    		C,O,H--135625999(-) ATACCC/TTCCTT 3 -- us2k14Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NS EA 418
    rs1380139301,2
    		C,--135626258(+) GGGGAA/GAGGAA 3 -- us2k10--------
    rs770351031,2
    		C,F,--135626831(+) TAGTCA/CTATTA 3 -- int11Minor allele frequency- C:0.04NA 120
    rs771387671,2
    		--135627610(+) GACATA/GCAGAG 3 -- int10--------
    rs767685901,2
    		F,--135627751(+) GTTCTT/GCCTTT 3 -- int11Minor allele frequency- G:0.02WA 118
    rs64299891,2
    		C,A,H--135627801(+) GGCATA/TACATT 3 -- int14Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NS EA 408
    rs351383811,2
    		--135628728(+) GAGGGC/TGCCCT 3 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.00NA 2
    rs759160271,2
    		F,--135628852(+) ATTAAA/GCATGA 3 -- int11Minor allele frequency- G:0.09WA 118

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for KYNU (143635067 - 143799890 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 3 variations for KYNU
         3 CNVs: 50309 50310 63207
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): KYNU

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for KYNU gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    KYNU for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 605197    OMIM disorders: --

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KYNU_HUMAN, Q16719
  • Note=Xanthurenic aciduria manifesting as massive urinary excretion of large amounts of kynurenine,
    • 3-hydroxykynurenine and xanthurenic acid has been observed in an individual carrying a homozygous missense change in
    KYNU (PubMed:17334708). The urinary pattern in the patient suggests kynureninase deficiency and a block in the
    conversion of kynurenine and 3-hydroxykynurenine to anthranilate and 3-hydroxyanthranilate, respectively

    16 diseases for KYNU:    About MalaCards
    hydroxykynureninuria    transient cerebral ischemia    pellagra    atopic dermatitis
    brain injury    intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma    essential hypertension    ischemia
    cerebritis    neurologic diseases    dermatitis    cholangiocarcinoma
    noma    hypertension    psoriasis    neuronitis

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for KYNU:
    Pellagra

    3 Novoseek disease relationships for KYNU gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    hydroxykynureninuria 95.1 3 17334708 (1), 9590041 (1)
    transient cerebral ischemia 56.8 1 8417138 (1)
    cerebral ischemia 19.5 1 8245962 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): KYNU
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: KYNU (3 documents)

    Export disorders for KYNU gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for KYNU gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for KYNU gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 63):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with KYNU)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Isolation and expression of a cDNA clone encoding human kynureninase. (PubMed id 8706755)1, 2, 3, 9 Alberati-Giani D.... Cesura A.M. (1996)
    2. Xanthurenic aciduria due to a mutation in KYNU encoding kynureninase. (PubMed id 17334708)1, 2, 7, 9 Christensen M....Christensen E. (2007)
    3. Purification and biochemical characterization of some of the properties of recombinant human kynureninase. (PubMed id 11985583)1, 2, 7, 9 Walsh H.A. and Botting N.P. (2002)
    4. Cloning and recombinant expression of rat and human kynureninase. (PubMed id 9180257)1, 2, 3, 9 Toma S.... Benatti L. (1997)
    5. Crystal structure of Homo sapiens kynureninase. (PubMed id 17300176)2, 7, 9 Lima S.... Phillips R.S. (2007)
    6. [A polymorphism of kynureninase gene in a hypertensive candidate chromosomal region is associated with essential hypertension] (PubMed id 16080802)1, 4, 9 Zhang Y....Zhu D.L. (2005)
    7. Three-dimensional structure of kynureninase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. (PubMed id 14756555)7, 9 Momany C....Phillips R.S. (2004)
    8. Different kynurenine pathway enzymes limit quinolinic acid formation by various human cell types. (PubMed id 9291104)1, 9 Heyes M.P....Saito K. (1997)
    9. A census of human soluble protein complexes. (PubMed id 22939629)1 Havugimana P.C....Emili A. (2012)
    10. A high-throughput approach for measuring temporal chan ges in the interactome. (PubMed id 22863883)1 Kristensen A.R....Foster L.J. (2012)

    External Searches for KYNU gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
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    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing KYNU gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 8942 HGNC: 6469 AceView: KYNU Ensembl:ENSG00000115919 euGenes: HUgn8942
    ECgene: KYNU Kegg: 8942 H-InvDB: KYNU

    Other Databases showing KYNU gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing KYNU gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for KYNU Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for KYNU gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for KYNU gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving KYNU

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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