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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

KRT12 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC17M039017

keratin 12

Explore 13 diseases affiliated with
KRT12 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Keratin 12¹ ²		Keratin, Type I Cytoskeletal 12²
K12¹ ² ³		Keratin-12³
CK-12² ³		Cytokeratin-12³
Cytokeratin-12³		Keratin-12³

External Ids:	HGNC: 6414¹	Entrez Gene: 3859²	Ensembl: ENSG00000187242⁷	OMIM: 601687⁵	UniProtKB: Q99456³

Export aliases for KRT12 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17M038517 GC17M041194 GC17M038764 GC17M039390 GC17M036271 GC17M034811

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for KRT12:

KRT12 encodes the type I intermediate filament chain keratin 12, expressed in corneal epithelia. Mutations in this gene

lead to Meesmann corneal dystrophy. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: K1C12_HUMAN, Q99456

Function: May play a unique role in maintaining the normal corneal epithelial function. Together with KRT3, essential

for the maintenance of corneal epithelium integrity (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for KRT12 (Keratin 12)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010783.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the KRT12 gene promoter:
CUTL1 NF-AT AREB6 NF-AT4 NF-AT2 COMP1 FOXO4 NF-AT3 NF-AT1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: KRT12 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for KRT12

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat KRT12

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q12 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q21.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q11-q12

KRT12 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
KRT12 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17M039017: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	39,017,430 bp from pter	End:	39,023,462 bp from pter
Size:	6,033 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: K1C12_HUMAN, Q99456 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12

Size: 494 amino acids; 53511 Da

Subunit: Heterotetramer of two type I and two type II keratins. Keratin-3 associates with keratin-12

Miscellaneous: There are two types of cytoskeletal and microfibrillar keratin: I (acidic; 40-55 kDa) and II (neutral to

basic; 56-70 kDa)

Secondary accessions: B2R9E0

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for KRT12: NX_Q99456

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q99456

KRT12 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000214.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000251643

Human Recombinant Protein Products for KRT12:

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	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for KRT12

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005882	intermediate filament	IEA	--

KRT12 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

KRT12 Antibody Products:

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for KRT12

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

KRT12 for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR018039 Intermediate_filament_CS

IPR001664 IF

IPR002957 Keratin_I

IPR016044 F

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q99456

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q99456

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001664 Intermediate filament protein

IPB002957 Type I keratin signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: K1C12_HUMAN, Q99456

Similarity: Belongs to the intermediate filament family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: K1C12_HUMAN, Q99456

Function: May play a unique role in maintaining the normal corneal epithelial function. Together with KRT3, essential

for the maintenance of corneal epithelium integrity (By similarity)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for KRT12:

keratine 12,type I,acidic,expressed during corneal differentiation

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005198	structural molecule activity	IEA	--

KRT12 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Krt12):

no phenotypic analysis

normal

vision/eye

KRT12 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Krt12^tm1Wwk for KRT12

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for KRT12

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KRT12
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate KRT12:
		hsa-miR-513a-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KRT12 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KRT12 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KRT12 OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for KRT12

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for KRT12

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 2 interactants - click image to see more details)

2 Interacting proteins for KRT12 (Q99456³ ENSP00000251643⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
UCHL5	Q9Y5K5³, ENSP00000356425⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000356425
UBC	ENSP00000344818⁴	STRING: ENSP00000344818

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007601	visual perception	TAS	9171831
GO:0060429	epithelium development	IEA	--
GO:0061303	cornea development in camera-type eye	IEA	--

KRT12 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

KRT12 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for KRT12

1 DrugBank Compound for KRT12 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Griseofulvin	Griseofulvina [INN-Spanish] (see all 3)	126-07-8	target	other/unknown	12388748 14693542

2 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for KRT12 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
proline	35.3	3	10781519 (1), 19272163 (1)
arginine	19.5	1	18661274 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about KRT12 / K1C12

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for KRT12 gene:

NM_000223.3

Unigene Cluster for KRT12:

Keratin 12

Hs.66739 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000223

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000251643(uc002hvk.2)

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KRT12
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate KRT12:
		hsa-miR-513a-3p
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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: KRT12 (NM_000223)
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat KRT12

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK313747.1 D78367.1

4 DOTS entries:

DT.97843538 DT.120986537 DT.120986539 DT.120986557

24/283 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 283):

BM707097 AA722437 BU728001 BG742191 CB112047 CB111988 BG680753 BU727731

AA829638 CB112060 CB112018 BM707287 W60963 BM673258 CD679090 CB111992

CB112064 BM672840 BU727196 BM686235 CB112029 BM707400 CB112021 CB112066

GeneLoc Exon Structure

4 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for KRT12 About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10
SP1:							-				-
SP2:											-
SP3:							-				-
SP4:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for KRT12

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

KRT12 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: --

About this image

KRT12 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

1 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartment/Cell

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Testis

Seminiferous Tubules

Sertoli cells

Testis

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See KRT12 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for KRT12

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.66739

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: K1C12_HUMAN, Q99456

Tissue specificity: Cornea specific

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for KRT12

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for KRT12 gene from 4/11 species (see all 11) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	KRT12¹	keratin 12 (Meesmann corneal dystrophy)	68.53(n) 70.87(a)		428314 XM_425874.3 XP_425874.2
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	KRT12⁶	--	61(a)	1 ↔ 1	6(70460684-70467025)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	LOC398464²	hypothetical protein LOC398464	73.8(n)		BC043901.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	57083444²	--	74.98(n)		57083444

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KRT12 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for KRT12 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for KRT12 gene

KRT17² KRT16² KRT18² KRT25² KRT27² KRT20² KRT19² KRT28²

KRT14² KRT13² KRT26² KRT10² KRT15² KRT24² KRT9² KRT23²

18/43 SIMAP similar genes for KRT12 using alignment to 1 protein entry: K1C12_HUMAN(see all similar genes):

KRT19 KRT15 KRT16 JUP KRT10 KRT27

KRT13 KRT31 KRT33A keratin KRT24 KRT28

KRT32 KRT33B KRT34 KRT14 KRT35 KRT9

KRT12 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs58918655^1,2	C	pathogenic	36288343(-)	`CTACCG/TGGATA`	2	R L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs58343600^1,2	C	pathogenic	36288351(-)	`ATAAGC/G/TTGCGA`	3	L V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs58162394^1,2	C	pathogenic	36291972(-)	`AGACCG/TACCGC`	2	D Y	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs200258980^1,2	C	untested	36287979(+)	`CCGCCA/C/GGGACA`	3	R G W	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs62065925^1,2	C	untested	36293825(+)	`CACATG/TATTAC`	1	--	ut3¹		1		NA	2
rs11650915^1,2	C,F,H	untested	39023396(+)	`TCCGGG/AGGTGC`	4	/P /S	mis¹ ese³		26		NS EA NA WA EU	8385
rs78075657^1,2	F	--	34811479(+)	`TCAGCG/ATTTCT`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs58028244^1,2	C,F	--	34812874(+)	`CCCAGG/ATGGGT`	1	--	int¹		4		NA WA	124
rs58975443^1,2	C	--	34812992(+)	`GACTAC/TTCATT`	1	--	int¹		2		WA	120
rs9894091^1,2	C,F,H	--	34813299(+)	`GAGAAA/GTTAGA`	1	--	int¹		18		NS EA NA WA	2306

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for KRT12 (39017430 - 39023462 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for KRT12: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): KRT12

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing KRT12

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for KRT12

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

KRT12 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 601687
OMIM disorders: 122100
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: K1C12_HUMAN, Q99456

Defects in KRT12 are a cause of Meesmann corneal dystrophy (MECD) [MIM:122100]; also abbreviated MCD and known

as juvenile epithelial corneal dystrophy of Meesmann. MECD is an autosomal dominant disease that causes fragility of

the anterior corneal epithelium. Patients are usually asymptomatic until adulthood when rupture of the corneal

microcysts may cause erosions, producing clinical symptoms such as photophobia, contact lens intolerance and

intermittent diminution of visual acuity. Rarely, subepithelial scarring causes irregular corneal astigmatism and

permanent visual impairment. Histological examination shows a disorganized and thickened epithelium with widespread

cytoplasmic vacuolation and numerous small, round, debris-laden intraepithelial cysts

13 diseases for KRT12: About MalaCards

meesmann corneal dystrophy corneal dystrophy recurrent corneal erosion autosomal dominant disease

corneal disease keratosis aniridia astigmatism

keratopathy keratoconus hepatocellular carcinoma t cell deficiency

carcinoma

3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for KRT12:

Corneal dystrophy Recurrent corneal erosion Keratoconus

3 Novoseek disease relationships for KRT12 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
corneal dystrophy	91.1	24	18201524 (4), 10612503 (2), 10644419 (2), 9171831 (2) (see all 12)
corneal diseases	72.6	2	12700042 (1), 16083875 (1)
amyloid deposition	41.3	1	12700042 (1)

Export disorders for KRT12 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for KRT12 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 66):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with KRT12)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Mutations in cornea-specific keratin K3 or K12 genes cause Meesmann's corneal dystrophy. (PubMed id 9171831)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Irvine A.D.... McLean W.H.I. (1997)
Molecular genetics of Meesmann's corneal dystrophy: ancestral and novel mutations in keratin 12 (K12) and complete sequence of the human KRT12 gene. (PubMed id 10644419)^{1, 2, 9} Corden L.D.... McLean W.H.I. (2000)
Meesmann corneal dystrophy (MECD): report of 2 families and a novel mutation in the cornea specific keratin 12 (KRT12) gene. (PubMed id 16352477)^{1, 2, 9} Nichini O.... Schorderet D.F. (2005)
Isolation and chromosomal localization of a cornea-specific human keratin 12 gene and detection of four mutations in Meesmann corneal epithelial dystrophy. (PubMed id 9399908)^{1, 2, 9} Nishida K....Kinoshita S. (1997)
Novel mutations in the helix termination motif of keratin 3 and keratin 12 in 2 Taiwanese families with Meesmann corneal dystrophy. (PubMed id 16227835)^{1, 2, 9} Chen Y.T.... Chao S.C. (2005)
A novel keratin 12 mutation in a German kindred with Meesmann's corneal dystrophy. (PubMed id 10781519)^{1, 2, 9} Corden L.D.... McLean W.H.I. (2000)
A novel arginine substitution mutation in 1A domain and a novel 27 bp insertion mutation in 2B domain of keratin 12 gene associated with Meesmann's corneal dystrophy. (PubMed id 15148206)^{1, 2, 9} Yoon M.K.... Margolis T.P. (2004)
A gene expression profile of human corneal epithelium and the isolation of human keratin 12 cDNA. (PubMed id 8759347)^{1, 2, 9} Nishida K.... Okubo K. (1996)
New consensus nomenclature for mammalian keratins. (PubMed id 16831889)^{1, 3} Schweizer J....Wright M.W. (2006)
Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. (PubMed id 12665801)^{1, 2} Gevaert K.... Vandekerckhove J. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3859	HGNC: 6414	AceView: KRT12andKRT10	Ensembl:ENSG00000187242	euGenes: HUgn3859
ECgene: KRT12	H-InvDB: KRT12

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for KRT12	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Human Intermediate Filament Mutation Database	http://www.interfil.org
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_12

Intellectual Property for KRT12 gene
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Patent Information for KRT12 gene:
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