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KRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

GC12M025250

v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
(Previous name: v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: KRAS2)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
C-K-RAS ^²
K-RAS2A ^²
K-RAS2B ^²
K-RAS4A ^²
K-RAS4B ^²
KI-RAS ^²
KRAS1 ^¹, ²
KRAS2 ^², ³
Ki-Ras ^³
NS3 ^²
RASK2 ^², ³
c-K-ras ^³
c-Ki-ras ^³

Descriptions
K-Ras 2 ^³
K-ras p21 protein ^²
Kirsten rat sarcoma-2 viral (v-Ki-ras2) oncogene homolog ^²
PR310 c-K-ras oncogene ^²
c-K-ras2 protein ^²
c-Kirsten-ras protein ^²
cellular c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene ^²
oncogene KRAS2 ^²
transforming protein p21 ^²
v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog ^¹, ²
v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 6407¹
Entrez Gene: 3845²
UniProtKB: P01116³
Ensembl: ENSG00000133703⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for KRAS gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for KRAS:

This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein

that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible

for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various

malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas

and colorectal carcinoma. Alternative splicing leads to variants encoding two isoforms that differ

in the C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASK_HUMAN, P01116

Function: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity

Gene Wiki entry for KRAS

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the KRAS gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12p12.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12p12.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12p12.1

KRAS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12M025250: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	25,249,447 bp from pter
End:	25,295,121 bp from pter
Size:	45,675 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000012.10 NT_009714.16

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASK_HUMAN, P01116 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: GTPase KRas precursor

Size: 189 amino acids; 21656 Da

Subunit: Interacts with PHLPP (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1D8D (3D)

1D8E (3D)

1KZO (3D)

1KZP (3D)

3GFT (3D)

Secondary accessions: P01118 Q96D10

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P01116-1 P01116-2, P01118-1 (Isoforms differ in the C-terminal region which is encoded by two alternative exons (IVA and IVB))

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_004976.2 NP_203524.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000256078 ENSP00000308495 ENSP00000379301

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (cK Ras, HRAS+KRAS, Ras)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (KRAS)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: KRAS

3 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	IEA	--
GO:0005624	membrane fraction	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--

About this table

Antibodies for KRAS:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for KRAS
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for KRAS
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for KRAS (K-ras)
	Antibodies from Abcam (cK Ras, HRAS+KRAS, Ras), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (KRAS)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for KRAS

Assays for KRAS:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01116

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01116

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001806 Transforming protein P21 RAS signature

IPB003577 Ras small GTPase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASK_HUMAN, P01116

Similarity: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (KRAS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (KRAS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_033360

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for KRAS

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for KRAS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for KRAS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for KRAS
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_004985
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_004985
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_004985

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_033360

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASK_HUMAN, P01116

Function: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity

Enzyme regulation: Alternate between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP.

Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase-activating

protein (GAP)

15/25 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 12 alleles) (MGI details for Kras) (see all 25 ):

	behavior/neurological	cellular	digestive/alimentary	embryogenesis
endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system
lethality-postnatal	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging	limbs/digits/tail	liver/biliary system

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	11857081 12732644
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

5/90 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for KRAS (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 90 )

Melanocyte Development and Pigmentation Signaling
Axonal Guidance Signaling
Virus Entry via Endocytic Pathways
Thrombopoietin Signaling
PTEN Signaling

GeneDecks KRAS for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for KRAS

5/153 Interacting proteins for KRAS (P01116¹ ENSP00000256078³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 153 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
RASSF2	P50749¹	EBI-367415, EBI-960081
RAF1	ENSP00000251849³	STRING (score=.999)
PTPN11	ENSP00000340944³	STRING (score=.998)
SRC	ENSP00000362659³	STRING (score=.997)
BRAF	ENSP00000288602³	STRING (score=.99)

About this table

5/12 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 12 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006897	endocytosis	IEA	--
GO:0007265	Ras protein signal transduction	EXP	11520933
GO:0007569	cell aging	IEA	--
GO:0007605	sensory perception of sound	IEA	--
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	IEA	--

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for KRAS
10/15 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for KRAS gene (see all 15 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
crcs	73.63	12	19147861 (3), 12696070 (1), 16988471 (1), 18265644 (1) (see all 7)
pd-184352	60.61	1	16957420 (1)
o6-methylguanine	55.16	4	17867575 (1), 18300810 (1), 16118624 (1), 18670349 (1)
tyrosine	51.48	18	18776048 (3), 15753357 (1), 17020982 (1), 17573850 (1) (see all 16)
phosphatidylinositol	44.90	5	12871951 (1), 17353198 (1), 15805275 (1), 17183069 (1) (see all 5)
vinylchloride	14.53	1	16799619 (1)
gtp	10.57	5	18413234 (2), 11027130 (1)
phosphoinositide	7.59	2	15205467 (1), 9727023 (1)
lipid	3.58	1	15491620 (1)
oligonucleotide	2.64	3	17011984 (1), 7535083 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (KRAS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (KRAS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_033360

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for KRAS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for KRAS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_004985 NM_033360

REFSEQ mRNAs for KRAS gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_004985.3 NM_033360.2

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_004985 NM_033360

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_004985
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_004985
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_004985

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF493917.1 AK292510.1 BC010502.1 BC013572.2 BC029545.1 BT007153.1 CR625034.1 M17087.1

M35504.1 M35505.1

16 DOTS entries:

DT.92460446 DT.99948002 DT.92460454 DT.95114183 DT.92008862 DT.100696548 DT.95114192 DT.121177012

DT.100811094 DT.100705577 DT.100696549 DT.100755557 DT.95114240 DT.95249640 DT.100701816 DT.100810349

24/280 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 280 ):

AL553212 NM_033360 AA808271 BG261289 AI281159 AA721296 AI889481 AA356548

BF436494 H85554 AA262948 C01015 AI015987 BE464958 BU189436 AA564243

AW160515 AA243624 W21091 AW173466 AI500024 AW167917 AA830647 AA281015

highest scoring ESTs for KRAS:

AA476848 AI808924 AL135130 AW242010 BC013572 BC029545 BE788500 BG619690 BI601070 BQ228262

Unigene Cluster for KRAS:

V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

Hs.505033 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_033360

GeneLoc Exon Structure

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000256078 ENST00000311936 ENST00000395977

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

KRAS expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for KRAS

¹ / ² / ³

10 probe-sets matching KRAS gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
1940_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.69	1.36	M54968	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
32159_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	2	1.00	0.78	0.70	0.64	L00049	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
204010_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_004985	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
204009_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	W80678	0.40	0.67	0.55	1
214352_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	BF673699	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
204010_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1559204_x_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
1559203_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
204009_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
214352_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AACTGTACTA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.505033
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for KRAS

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for KRAS gene from 5/10 species (see all 10 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	KRAS¹	--	v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	100(n) 100(a)	473387 XM_528758.2 XP_528758.2
cow (Bos taurus)	KRAS¹	--	v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	98.23(n) 99.47(a)	541140 XM_614736.3 XP_614736.3
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Kras¹	--	v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	94.5(n) 97.34(a)	24525 NM_031515.1 NP_113703.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Kras^{1, 5}	6 (71.20 cM)⁵	v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog^{1, 5}	93.26(n)¹ 96.81(a)¹	16653¹ NM_021284.4¹ NP_067259.3¹ AI929937⁵ AK155064⁵ (see all 28)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	KRAS¹	--	v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	90.6(n) 98.94(a)	418207 XM_416436.2 XP_416436.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for KRAS

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KRAS

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for KRAS gene

HRAS² ERAS² NRAS²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/395 NCBI SNPs in KRAS are shown (see all 395 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 93)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 12 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs7312175^1,2	A,C,F,H	25295871(+)	`GTCAGG/AAGGCT`	2	--	ng3¹		8	EU EA WA	832
--	rs12587^1,2	A,C,F,H	25250095(-)	`GAGAAC/ACTGAA`	2	--	ut3¹		13	MN NA EU EA WA	1348
	rs13096^1,2	A,C,F,H	25251108(-)	`CTTTTA/GGGACA`	2	--	ut3¹		9	MN EU EA WA NA	924
--	rs7973623^1,2	A,C,F,H	25252341(+)	`CTTATG/ATAAAT`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		2	EU WA	214
	rs9266^1,2	A,C,F,H	25253484(-)	`CCTGAC/TGAATG`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		18	MN NA EU EA WA	1894
--	rs7960917^1,2	A,C,F,H	25252913(+)	`ACCAAT/CGCATG`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	410
--	rs7973450^1,2	A,C,F,H	25252409(+)	`TTAACG/ATGAAG`	2	--	ut3¹		3	EU EA	300
--	rs712^1,2	A,C,F,H	25253819(-)	`TCCTCT/GAAGTG`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³ trp³		12	MN EU EA WA NA	1162
--	rs1137188^1,2	A,C,F,H	25250619(-)	`AAAGAT/CAAAAA`	2	--	ut3¹		4	MN EA WA	480
--	rs1137196^1,2	A,C,F	25250236(-)	`TCTGAA/CGATTT`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		1	MN	184

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for KRAS (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 190070

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASK_HUMAN, P01116

Defects in KRAS are a cause of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [MIM:601626]. AML is a

malignant disease in which hematopoietic precursors are arrested in an early stage of development

Defects in KRAS are a cause of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) [MIM:607785]. JMML

is a pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome that constitutes approximately 30% of childhood cases of

myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 2% of leukemia. It is characterized by leukocytosis with tissue

infiltration and in vitro hypersensitivity of myeloid progenitors to granulocyte-macrophage colony

stimulating factor

Defects in KRAS are the cause of Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942]. Noonan syndrome

(NS) [MIM:163950] is a disorder characterized by dysmorphic facial features, short stature,

hypertelorism, cardiac anomalies, deafness, motor delay, and a bleeding diathesis. It is a

genetically heterogeneous and relatively common syndrome, with an estimated incidence of 1 in

1000-2500 live births. Rarely, NS is associated with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML). NS3

inheritance is autosomal dominant

Defects in KRAS are a cause of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFC syndrome) [MIM:115150];

also known as cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. CFC syndrome is characterized by a distinctive

facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis,

atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with

ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a

generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome.

They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges,

downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with

prominent helices. The inheritance of CFC syndrome is autosomal dominant

KRAS mutations are involved in cancer development

10/89 Novoseek disease relationships for KRAS gene (see all 89 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
microsatellite instability	84.95	64	9921983 (3), 16429393 (3), 15118616 (2), 15481028 (2) (see all 52)
colorectal cancer	79.39	126	15069679 (5), 18054006 (4), 17177160 (3), 19309232 (3) (see all 72)
somatic mutations	79.19	31	10545700 (1), 15781646 (1), 17047397 (1), 17228019 (1) (see all 28)
adenocarcinoma lung	77.92	57	9645349 (3), 15696205 (3), 15815931 (3), 18303429 (3) (see all 28)
nsclc	75.17	128	14601056 (6), 9612526 (5), 17321325 (4), 19096301 (4) (see all 47)
adenocarcinoma	74.02	89	14511407 (4), 18075308 (4), 14724583 (4), 17360030 (4) (see all 48)
juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia	73.85	5	19066392 (1), 18561174 (1), 17332249 (1), 17268534 (1)
tumors	71.60	402	12893203 (5), 9921983 (5), 12015762 (4), 16806438 (4) (see all 99)
colorectal tumors	70.71	14	18602919 (3), 18259212 (2), 18632722 (1), 15251944 (1) (see all 11)
cancer lung	68.84	61	17510423 (3), 12606951 (2), 18927287 (2), 14601056 (2) (see all 37)

About this table

GeneTests: KRAS

Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome

Human Gene Mutation Database: KRAS
Genetic Association Database: KRAS
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: KRAS (143 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/874 PubMed articles for KRAS gene (see all 874 ):

Distinct epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different tobacco exposure and clinicopathologic features. (PubMed id 16533793)^{1, 3, 4} Tam I.Y.S.... Wong M.P. (2006)
Determination of TP53 mutation is more relevant than microsatellite instability status for the prediction of disease-free survival in adjuvant-treated stage III colon cancer patients. (PubMed id 16110022)^{1, 3, 6} Westra J.L....Plukker J.T. (2005)
Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor and in KRAS are predictive and prognostic indicators in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer treated with chemotherapy alone and in combination with erlotinib. (PubMed id 16043828)^{1, 3, 6} Eberhard D.A....Hillan K.J. (2005)
BRAF mutation in endometrial carcinoma and hyperplasia: correlation with KRAS and p53 mutations and mismatch repair protein expression. (PubMed id 16144912)^{1, 3, 6} Feng Y.Z....Konishi I. (2005)
The prevalence of PIK3CA mutations in gastric and colon cancer. (PubMed id 15994075)^{1, 3, 6} Velho S....Seruca R. (2005)
Population-based mapping of pulmonary adenoma susceptibility 1 locus. (PubMed id 11016621)^{1, 3, 6} Dragani T.A....Nagao M. (2000)
Germline KRAS and BRAF mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome. (PubMed id 16474404)^{3, 4} Niihori T.... Matsubara Y. (2006)
Germline KRAS mutations cause Noonan syndrome. (PubMed id 16474405)^{3, 4} Schubbert S.... Kratz C.P. (2006)
Mutations in APC, CTNNB1 and K-ras genes and expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colorectal carcinomas from the Netherlands Cohort Study. (PubMed id 16356174)^{3, 6} Luchtenborg M....de Goeij A.F. (2005)
Mutations in the p53 and Ki-ras genes, microsatellite instability and site of tumor origin in colorectal cancer. (PubMed id 16077965)^{3, 6} Catalano T....Battista P. (2005)

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Aliases
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3845	HGNC: 6407	AceView: KRAS2	Ensembl:ENSG00000133703	euGenes: HUgn3845
ECgene: KRAS	H-InvDB: KRAS

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for KRAS	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
GeneReviews	http://www.genetests.org/query?gene=KRAS
SHMPD	http://shmpd.bii.a-star.edu.sg/gene.php?genestart=A&genename=KRAS

Licensable Technologies for KRAS
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for KRAS:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for KRAS-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for KRAS		Antibodies for KRAS
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	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for KRAS		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

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	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (KRAS)
	Antibodies (KRAS)
	Chimera RNAi (KRAS)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Antibodies & Assays for KRAS (K-ras)

	Recombinant Proteins (cK Ras, HRAS+KRAS, Ras)
	Antibodies (cK Ras, HRAS+KRAS, Ras)

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

Search Tocris compounds for KRAS

Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for KRAS

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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KRAS Gene at Home site.
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KRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

Aliases &
Descriptions
for KRAS

Summaries
for KRAS

Genomic Location
for KRAS

Proteins
for KRAS

Protein Domains/
Families
for KRAS

Gene Function
for KRAS

Pathways & Interactions
for KRAS

Drugs & Compounds
for KRAS

Transcripts
for KRAS

Expression
for KRAS

Orthologs
for KRAS

Paralogs
for KRAS

SNPs/Variants
for KRAS

Disorders & Mutations
for KRAS

Medical News
for KRAS

Publications
for KRAS

Search for KRAS

Genome Databases showing KRAS

Other Databases showing KRAS

Specialized Databases showing KRAS

Licensable Technologies
for KRAS

Services
for KRAS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

KRAS (Gene Symbol)
C-K-RAS
K-RAS2A
K-RAS2B
K-RAS4A
K-RAS4B
KI-RAS
KRAS1
KRAS2
Ki-Ras
NS3
RASK2
c-K-ras
c-Ki-ras
K-Ras 2
K-ras p21 protein
Kirsten rat sarcoma-2 viral (v-Ki-ras2) oncogene homolog
PR310 c-K-ras oncogene
c-K-ras2 protein
c-Kirsten-ras protein
cellular c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene
oncogene KRAS2
transforming protein p21
v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma 2 viral oncogene homolog
v-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

KRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

Aliases & Descriptionsfor KRAS

Summariesfor KRAS

Genomic Locationfor KRAS

Proteinsfor KRAS

Protein Domains/Familiesfor KRAS

Gene Functionfor KRAS

Pathways & Interactionsfor KRAS

Drugs & Compoundsfor KRAS

Transcriptsfor KRAS

Expression for KRAS

Orthologsfor KRAS

Paralogsfor KRAS

SNPs/Variantsfor KRAS

Disorders & Mutationsfor KRAS

Medical Newsfor KRAS

Publicationsfor KRAS

Search for KRAS

Genome Databases showing KRAS

Other Databases showing KRAS

Specialized Databases showing KRAS

Licensable Technologiesfor KRAS

Servicesfor KRAS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for KRAS

Summaries
for KRAS

Genomic Location
for KRAS

Proteins
for KRAS

Protein Domains/
Families
for KRAS

Gene Function
for KRAS

Pathways & Interactions
for KRAS

Drugs & Compounds
for KRAS

Transcripts
for KRAS

Expression
for KRAS

Orthologs
for KRAS

Paralogs
for KRAS

SNPs/Variants
for KRAS

Disorders & Mutations
for KRAS

Medical News
for KRAS

Publications
for KRAS

Licensable Technologies
for KRAS

Services
for KRAS