Aliases for KRAS Gene
Aliases for KRAS Gene
- KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase 2 3 5
- V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma 2 Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 3
- Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 3
- C-Ki-Ras 3 4
- K-Ras 2 3 4
- C-K-RAS 3 4
- KI-RAS 3 4
- KRAS2 3 4
- RASK2 3 4
- V-Ki-Ras2 Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 2
- Cellular Transforming Proto-Oncogene 3
- Cellular C-Ki-Ras2 Proto-Oncogene 3
- Transforming Protein P21 3
- PR310 C-K-Ras Oncogene 3
- C-Kirsten-Ras Protein 3
External Ids for KRAS Gene
- HGNC: 6407
- Entrez Gene: 3845
- Ensembl: ENSG00000133703
- OMIM: 190070
- UniProtKB: P01116
Previous HGNC Symbols for KRAS Gene
- KRAS2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for KRAS Gene
- GC12M025250
- GC12M025358
- GC12M025128
Summaries for KRAS Gene
-
This gene, a Kirsten ras oncogene homolog from the mammalian ras gene family, encodes a protein that is a member of the small GTPase superfamily. A single amino acid substitution is responsible for an activating mutation. The transforming protein that results is implicated in various malignancies, including lung adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenoma, ductal carcinoma of the pancreas and colorectal carcinoma. Alternative splicing leads to variants encoding two isoforms that differ in the C-terminal region. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
-
Mutations in the RAS family of proteins are frequently observed across cancer types. The amino acid positions that account for the overwhelming majority of these mutations are G12, G13 and Q61. The different protein isoforms, despite their raw similarity, also behave very differently when expressed in non-native tissue types, likely due to differences in the C-terminal hyper-variable regions. Mis-regulation of isoform expression has been shown to be a driving event in cancer, as well as missense mutations at the three hotspots previously mentioned. While highly recurrent in cancer, attempts to target these RAS mutants with inhibitors have not been successful, and has not yet become common practice in the clinic. The prognostic implications for KRAS mutations vary between cancer types, but have been shown to be associated with poor outcome in colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and others.
GeneCards Summary for KRAS Gene
KRAS (KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with KRAS include Noonan Syndrome 3 and Cardiofaciocutaneous Syndrome 2. Among its related pathways are Bisphosphonate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics and Signaling in Gap Junctions. GO annotations related to this gene include GTP binding and protein complex binding. An important paralog of this gene is NRAS.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for KRAS Gene
-
Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:23698361, PubMed:22711838). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (PubMed:24623306).
No data available for Tocris Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for KRAS Gene
Genomics for KRAS Gene
Regulatory Elements for KRAS Gene
Enhancers for KRAS Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Enhancer Score | Enhancer Sources | Gene-Enhancer Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH12G025384 | 1.4 | ENCODE dbSUPER | 13.7 | -135.0 | -134982 | 4.1 | PKNOX1 FOXA2 MLX CREB3L1 AGO1 WRNIP1 ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZNF2 | KRAS GC12M025381 ENSG00000278743 |
| GH12G025194 | 1.1 | ENCODE | 14.3 | +55.4 | 55430 | 2.8 | HDGF PKNOX1 ARNT ARID4B SIN3A DMAP1 ZNF2 SP3 SP5 MXD4 | CASC1 KRAS ETFRF1 RASSF8-AS1 ENSG00000274987 |
| GH12G025275 | 1.3 | Ensembl ENCODE | 12.1 | -25.5 | -25474 | 1.2 | PKNOX1 FOXA2 ATF1 BRCA1 YY1 TCF12 ZNF766 GLIS2 FOS SP3 | KRAS RASSF8-AS1 PIR53457 |
| GH12G025376 | 1.1 | Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 12.7 | -126.6 | -126597 | 1.5 | CTCF ZFHX2 GATA2 MAX FOS FOXP2 MYC | KRAS GC12M025379 GC12P025376 |
| GH12G025381 | 1 | Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 12.7 | -131.9 | -131856 | 1.8 | KLF1 ZNF133 SPI1 | KRAS GC12M025379 GC12M025381 |
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around KRAS on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the KRAS gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for KRAS Gene
- Chromosome:
- 12
- Start:
- 25,204,789 bp from pter
- End:
- 25,250,936 bp from pter
- Size:
- 46,148 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for KRAS Gene
Genes around KRAS on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12p12.1 by Ensembl
- 12p12.1 by Entrez Gene
- 12p12.1 by HGNC
KRAS Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for KRAS Gene
Proteins for KRAS Gene
-
Protein details for KRAS Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P01116-RASK_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- GTPase KRas
- Protein Accession:
- P01116
- A8K8Z5
- B0LPF9
- P01118
- Q96D10
Protein attributes for KRAS Gene
- Size:
- 189 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 21656 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with PHLPP. Interacts (active GTP-bound form preferentially) with RGS14 (By similarity). Interacts (when farnesylated) with PDE6D; this promotes dissociation from the cell membrane (PubMed:23698361). Interacts with SOS1 (PubMed:22431598).
Three dimensional structures from OCA and Proteopedia for KRAS Gene
Alternative splice isoforms for KRAS Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
Protein Expression for KRAS Gene
Post-translational modifications for KRAS Gene
- Acetylation at Lys-104 prevents interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs).
- Ubiquitination at posLast=8888, isoforms=2117, and posLast=128128
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
Other Protein References for KRAS Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- EMD Millipore top KRAS Antibody
- EMD Millipore Complete listing of Mono and Polychlonal Antibodies for KRAS
- R&D Systems Antibodies for KRAS (Ras)
- Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for KRAS (KRas)
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for KRAS
- AM50616PU-N
- AM50616PU-S
- TA801244
- CF801244
- TA802564JM
- TA802564HM
- TA802564GM
- TA802564FM
- TA802564EM
- TA802564DM
- TA802564CM
- TA802564BM
- TA802564AM
- TA801672S
- TA801672JM
- TA801672HM
- TA801672GM
- TA801672FM
- TA801672EM
- TA801672DM
- TA801672CM
- TA801672BM
- TA801672AM
- TA801397JM
- TA801397HM
- TA801397GM
- TA801397FM
- TA801397EM
- TA801397DM
- TA801397CM
- TA801397BM
- TA801397AM
- TA801371JM
- TA801371HM
- TA801371GM
- TA801371FM
- TA801371EM
- TA801371DM
- TA801371CM
- TA801371BM
- TA801371AM
- TA801244JM
- TA801244HM
- TA801244GM
- TA801244FM
- TA801244EM
- TA801244DM
- TA801244CM
- TA801244BM
- TA801244AM
- TA801243JM
- TA801243HM
- TA801243GM
- TA801243FM
- TA801243EM
- TA801243DM
- TA801243CM
- TA801243BM
- TA801243AM
- TA801227JM
- TA801227HM
- TA801227GM
- TA801227FM
- TA801227EM
- TA801227DM
- TA801227CM
- TA801227BM
- TA801227AM
- TA801226JM
- TA801226HM
- TA801226GM
- TA801226FM
- TA801226EM
- TA801226DM
- TA801226CM
- TA801226BM
- TA801226AM
- TA801224JM
- TA801224HM
- TA801224GM
- TA801224FM
- TA801224EM
- TA801224DM
- TA801224CM
- TA801224BM
- TA801224AM
- TA801168JM
- TA801168HM
- TA801168GM
- TA801168FM
- TA801168EM
- TA801168DM
- TA801168CM
- TA801168BM
- TA801168AM
- TA801107JM
- TA801107HM
- TA801107GM
- TA801107FM
- TA801107EM
- TA801107DM
- TA801107CM
- TA801107BM
- TA801107AM
- CF802564
- TA802564
- CF801672
- TA801672
- CF801397
- TA801397
- CF801371
- TA801371
- CF801243
- TA801243
- CF801227
- TA801227
- CF801226
- TA801226
- CF801224
- TA801224
- CF801168
- TA801168
- CF801107
- TA801107
- TA322688
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for KRAS
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for KRAS
- Invitrogen Antibodies for KRAS
- GeneTex KRAS antibody for KRAS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for KRAS
Protein Products
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for KRAS
- Origene Custom Protein Services for KRAS
- Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins for KRAS
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
- ProSpec Recombinant Proteins for KRAS
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for KRAS
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for KRAS
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for KRAS Gene
Domains & Families for KRAS Gene
Gene Families for KRAS Gene
Protein Domains for KRAS Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for KRAS Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P01116- Family:
-
- Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.
Function for KRAS Gene
Molecular function for KRAS Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Alternates between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Interaction with SOS1 promotes exchange of bound GDP by GTP.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:23698361, PubMed:22711838). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (PubMed:24623306).
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000166 | nucleotide binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0003924 | GTPase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 12732644 |
| GO:0005525 | GTP binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0019002 | GMP binding | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for KRAS Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for KRAS:
-
inferred from 18 alleles
- mortality/aging
- cellular phenotype
- behavior/neurological phenotype
- normal phenotype
- growth/size/body region phenotype
- immune system phenotype
- muscle phenotype
- nervous system phenotype
- homeostasis/metabolism phenotype
- cardiovascular system phenotype
- respiratory system phenotype
- digestive/alimentary phenotype
- neoplasm
- reproductive system phenotype
- endocrine/exocrine gland phenotype
- vision/eye phenotype
- hearing/vestibular/ear phenotype
- integument phenotype
- limbs/digits/tail phenotype
- skeleton phenotype
- embryo phenotype
- pigmentation phenotype
- hematopoietic system phenotype
- renal/urinary system phenotype
- liver/biliary system phenotype
- craniofacial phenotype
- no phenotypic analysis
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for KRAS:
-
- Increased viability
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Decreased viability
- shRNA abundance <= 50%
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Mildly decreased CFP-tsO45G cell surface transport
- Decreased viability in esophageal squamous lineage
- Resistant to vaccinia virus (VACV-A4L) infection
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Decreased cell migration
- Decreased shRNA abundance
- Synthetic lethal with vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Negative genetic interaction between BLM-/- and BLM+/+
- Decreased viability of wild-type and TP53 knockout cells
- Increased cell migration
Animal Models for KRAS Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for KRAS
-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for KRAS gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for KRAS gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for KRAS
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for KRAS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for KRAS
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for KRAS
miRNA for KRAS Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target KRAS
-
- hsa-mir-18a-3p (MIRT000230)
- hsa-mir-143-3p (MIRT000312)
- hsa-let-7g-5p (MIRT000399)
- hsa-let-7a-5p (MIRT001855)
- hsa-mir-181c-5p (MIRT003210)
- hsa-mir-155-5p (MIRT005100)
- hsa-mir-96-5p (MIRT005553)
- hsa-mir-216b-5p (MIRT006144)
- hsa-mir-622 (MIRT006220)
- hsa-mir-126-3p (MIRT006450)
- hsa-mir-217 (MIRT006501)
- hsa-mir-193b-3p (MIRT016516)
- hsa-mir-181a-5p (MIRT025201)
- hsa-mir-16-5p (MIRT053090)
- hsa-mir-134-5p (MIRT053135)
- hsa-mir-224-5p (MIRT053521)
- hsa-mir-452-5p (MIRT053523)
- hsa-mir-152-3p (MIRT053524)
- hsa-mir-340-5p (MIRT053525)
- hsa-mir-433-3p (MIRT053561)
- hsa-mir-487b-3p (MIRT437854)
- hsa-mir-365a-3p (MIRT438022)
- hsa-mir-200c-3p (MIRT438025)
- hsa-mir-27a-3p (MIRT438156)
- hsa-mir-206 (MIRT438292)
- hsa-mir-4314 (MIRT502059)
- hsa-mir-6716-5p (MIRT502060)
- hsa-mir-6866-5p (MIRT502061)
- hsa-mir-3148 (MIRT502062)
- hsa-mir-6506-5p (MIRT502063)
- hsa-mir-619-5p (MIRT502064)
- hsa-mir-3192-5p (MIRT502065)
- hsa-mir-4646-5p (MIRT502066)
- hsa-mir-204-3p (MIRT502067)
- hsa-mir-330-5p (MIRT502068)
- hsa-mir-326 (MIRT502069)
- hsa-mir-6859-5p (MIRT502070)
- hsa-mir-3916 (MIRT502071)
- hsa-mir-3125 (MIRT502072)
- hsa-mir-892b (MIRT502073)
- hsa-mir-514a-5p (MIRT502074)
- hsa-mir-5582-3p (MIRT502075)
- hsa-mir-548x-3p (MIRT502076)
- hsa-mir-548j-3p (MIRT502077)
- hsa-mir-548aq-3p (MIRT502078)
- hsa-mir-548am-3p (MIRT502079)
- hsa-mir-548aj-3p (MIRT502080)
- hsa-mir-548ah-3p (MIRT502081)
- hsa-mir-548ae-3p (MIRT502082)
- hsa-mir-429 (MIRT502083)
- hsa-mir-200b-3p (MIRT502084)
- hsa-mir-193a-3p (MIRT502085)
- hsa-mir-183-5p (MIRT502086)
- hsa-mir-877-5p (MIRT502087)
- hsa-mir-5010-3p (MIRT562032)
- hsa-mir-642a-5p (MIRT562033)
- hsa-mir-642b-5p (MIRT562034)
- hsa-mir-124-5p (MIRT562035)
- hsa-mir-671-5p (MIRT562036)
- hsa-mir-873-5p (MIRT562037)
- hsa-mir-513c-3p (MIRT562038)
- hsa-mir-513a-3p (MIRT562039)
- hsa-mir-3606-3p (MIRT562040)
- hsa-mir-30e-3p (MIRT566990)
- hsa-mir-30d-3p (MIRT566991)
- hsa-mir-30a-3p (MIRT566992)
- hsa-mir-4666b (MIRT566993)
- hsa-let-7c-3p (MIRT566994)
- hsa-mir-4328 (MIRT566995)
- hsa-mir-4698 (MIRT566996)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for KRAS
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for KRAS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For KRAS
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for KRAS gene
Clone Products
-
OriGene ORF clones in human for KRAS
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for KRAS
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Addgene plasmids for KRAS
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for KRAS
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for KRAS
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for KRAS
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS (+/-) HCT116 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/-) HCT116 cell lines
- KRAS (G12R/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12S/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+) MCF10A cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12A/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12C/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+9n) NCI-H838 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+/+/+) EBC-1 cell lines
- KRAS (+/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (Q61H/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (A59T/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (A146T/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+) NCI-H1975 cell lines
- KRAS (G12C/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12V/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12S/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12A/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (G12R/+) LIM1215 cell lines
- KRAS (+/-) DLD-1 cell lines
- KRAS (G12D/+9n) NCI-H838 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/-) DLD-1 cell lines
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for KRAS gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for KRAS gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for KRAS gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for KRAS Gene
Localization for KRAS Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for KRAS Gene
- Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Cytoplasm, cytosol.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
| cytosol | 5 |
| mitochondrion | 4 |
| nucleus | 3 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| cytoskeleton | 2 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 2 |
| endosome | 2 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| golgi apparatus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005622 | intracellular | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IDA,IEA | 23698361 |
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005886 | plasma membrane | TAS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for KRAS Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | RET signaling |
.92
|
.92
|
| 2 | Downstream signaling of activated FGFR2 | ||
| 3 | IL-2 Pathway |
.59
.48
|
.43
.36
.34
|
| 4 | Glioma |
.47
.41
.37
|
.36
|
| 5 | Common Cytokine Receptor Gamma-Chain Family Signaling Pathways | ||
Pathways by source for KRAS Gene
9 Sino Biological pathways for KRAS Gene
2 GeneTex pathways for KRAS Gene
1 Cell Signaling Technology pathway for KRAS Gene
20 BioSystems pathways for KRAS Gene
109 Reactome pathways for KRAS Gene
66 KEGG pathways for KRAS Gene
4 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for KRAS Gene
17 R&D Systems pathways for KRAS Gene
5 Tocris pathways for KRAS Gene
Interacting Proteins for KRAS Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000256078
P01116-RASK_HUMAN
for KRAS Gene via
STRING
MINT
UniProtKB
IID
SIGNOR curated interactions for KRAS Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000165 | MAPK cascade | TAS | -- |
| GO:0001889 | liver development | IEA | -- |
| GO:0001934 | positive regulation of protein phosphorylation | IMP | 22065586 |
| GO:0002223 | stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway | TAS | -- |
| GO:0007165 | signal transduction | IEA | -- |
Drugs & Compounds for KRAS Gene
(101) Drugs for KRAS Gene - From: DrugBank, PharmGKB, ClinicalTrials, ApexBio, DGIdb, HMDB, and Novoseek
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cetuximab | Approved | Pharma | Antibody, Biomarker, inhibitor | EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 752 | |
| Panitumumab | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | inhibitor, Biomarker, antibody | EGFR inhibitor, EGFR Inhibitors, Therapeutic Antibodies, Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors | 0 | |
| leucovorin | Approved | Nutra | 3235,1128 | |||
| Everolimus | Approved | Pharma | inhibitor, Biomarker | mTOR inhibitor, mTOR Inhibitors, Kinase Inhibitors, Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors | 1940 | |
| regorafenib | Approved | Pharma | inhibitor | Inhibitor of VEGFR/PDGFR/FGFR/mutant kit/RET/Raf-1, Kinase Inhibitors, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs |
|---|
(9) ApexBio Compounds for KRAS Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| 6H05 | ||
| AMG-47A | destabilizer of the KRAS oncoprotein | 882663-88-9 |
| Deltarasin | KRAS-PDEδ interaction inhibitor | 1440898-61-2 |
| Deltarasin hydrochloride | inhibitor of KRAS-PDEδ interaction, potent and selective | 1440898-82-7 |
| Kobe0065 | Ras inhibitor | 436133-68-5 |
| kobe2602 | Ras inhibitor | 454453-49-7 |
| K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 12 | 1469337-95-8 | |
| K-Ras(G12C) inhibitor 6 | K-Ras (G12C) inhibitor | |
| Salirasib | Inhibitor of active Ras protein | 162520-00-5 |
Drug Products
- ApexBio compounds for KRAS
Transcripts for KRAS Gene
mRNA/cDNA for KRAS Gene
- (6) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (9) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (280) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for KRAS Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for KRAS
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for KRAS
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for KRAS
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for KRAS
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for KRAS
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For KRAS
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for KRAS gene
Clone Products
-
OriGene ORF clones in human for KRAS
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for KRAS
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- Addgene plasmids for KRAS
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for KRAS
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for KRAS
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for KRAS Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Mature Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
- Hepatocytes Liver Lobule
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Thyroid (Endocrine System)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Blood (Hematopoietic System)
This gene is overexpressed in Brain (12.2) and Tlymphocyte (8.5).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for KRAS Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of KRAS Gene:
KRASSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for KRAS Gene:
Hs.505033Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for KRAS Gene
- Lung(4.7)
- Nervous system(4.7)
- Intestine(3.8)
- Thyroid gland(3.3)
- Liver(3.2)
- Pancreas(3.1)
- Blood(2.9)
- Lymph node(2.9)
- Gall bladder(2.8)
- Kidney(2.7)
- Skin(2.5)
- Spleen(2.5)
- Stomach(2.5)
- Bone marrow(2.3)
- Heart(2.1)
- Muscle(2)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for KRAS Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- endoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- cardiovascular
- digestive
- endocrine
- immune
- integumentary
- lymphatic
- nervous
- reproductive
- respiratory
- skeletal muscle
- skeleton
- urinary
Organs:
Head and neck:
- brain
- cerebellum
- cerebrospinal fluid
- cheek
- chin
- cranial nerve
- ear
- epiglottis
- eye
- eyelid
- face
- forehead
- head
- jaw
- larynx
- lip
- mandible
- maxilla
- meninges
- mouth
- neck
- nose
- outer ear
- scalp
- skull
- thyroid
- tongue
- tooth
- vocal cord
Thorax:
- aorta
- breast
- chest wall
- clavicle
- esophagus
- heart
- heart valve
- lung
- rib
- rib cage
- scapula
- sternum
- trachea
Abdomen:
- abdominal wall
- biliary tract
- gallbladder
- intestine
- kidney
- large intestine
- liver
- pancreas
- small intestine
- spleen
- stomach
Pelvis:
- anus
- ovary
- pelvis
- placenta
- rectum
- testicle
- ureter
- urethra
- urinary bladder
- uterus
Limb:
- ankle
- arm
- digit
- elbow
- femur
- fibula
- finger
- foot
- forearm
- hand
- hip
- humerus
- knee
- lower limb
- nail
- radius
- shin
- shoulder
- thigh
- tibia
- toe
- ulna
- upper limb
- wrist
General:
- blood
- blood vessel
- bone marrow
- coagulation system
- hair
- lymph node
- lymph vessel
- peripheral nerve
- peripheral nervous system
- red blood cell
- skin
- spinal column
- spinal cord
- sweat gland
- vertebrae
- white blood cell
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for KRAS
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for KRAS
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for KRAS Gene
Orthologs for KRAS Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | KRAS 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | KRAS 34 |
|
||
| K-RAS 35 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | KRAS 34 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | KRAS 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| -- 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | KRAS 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Kras 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Kras 34 16 35 |
|
||
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | KRAS 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100485959 34 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.24980 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | kras 34 35 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Ras85D 34 35 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP002219 34 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | let-60 34 35 |
|
||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | RAS1 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| RAS2 35 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for KRAS was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for KRAS Gene
Paralogs for KRAS Gene
(87) SIMAP similar genes for KRAS Gene using alignment to 30 proteins:
- RASK_HUMAN
- A5HC02_HUMAN
- A5HC03_HUMAN
- A5HC04_HUMAN
- A5HC05_HUMAN
- A5HC06_HUMAN
- A5HC07_HUMAN
- A5HC08_HUMAN
- A5HC09_HUMAN
- A5HC10_HUMAN
- A5HC11_HUMAN
- A5HC12_HUMAN
- A5HC13_HUMAN
- A5HC14_HUMAN
- A5HC15_HUMAN
- A5HC16_HUMAN
- A5HC17_HUMAN
- A5HC18_HUMAN
- A5HC19_HUMAN
- A5HC20_HUMAN
- A5HC21_HUMAN
- A5HC23_HUMAN
- A5HC24_HUMAN
- A5HC25_HUMAN
- A5HC26_HUMAN
- E5FF39_HUMAN
- G3V4K2_HUMAN
- G3V5T7_HUMAN
- L7RSL8_HUMAN
- Q71SP6_HUMAN
- N-ras
- K-RAS
- c-bas/has
- HRAS
- H-RAS
- K-ras
- NRAS
- RAP1B
- RALA
- RAP2A
- RIT2
- RRAS2
- RALB
- RIT1
- DKFZp547A0616
- RERG
- RAP1A
- RAP2C
- MRAS
- RHEB
- RAP2B
- RAB1C
- RAB1B
- RRAS
- RAB1A
- ERAS
- RAB37
- RAB5C
- RAB33B
- DIRAS1
- RHEBL1
- RAB3C
- RAB10
- RAB5B
- RAB8A
- RAB8B
- RAB19
- DIRAS2
- RAB13
- RAB26
- RAB5A
- RAB3B
- RAB39B
- RAB17
- RASL11B
- RAB9A
- RAB42
- RAB2B
- RAB11A
- RASL12
- RAB7B
- RAB6A
- RAB2A
- RAB12
- DKFZp313C1541
- RAB7A
- RAB35
- RAB15
- RAB11B
- RAB30
- RAB21
- RAB18
- RHOJ
- REM2
- RAB43
- RAB9B
- RAB39A
- RAB27B
- RAB25
- RAB14
- RAB4B
- RAB4A
- RAB6B
- RAB31
- RASL11A
- RASEF
- RAB44
- RHOC
- NKIRAS1
- RAB27A
- RHOB
- RAB41
- NKIRAS2
- RHOG
- RAB22A
- ARHG
- RHOA
Variants for KRAS Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 12 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs104894359 | Pathogenic, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 2 (CFC2) [MIM:615278], Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942] | 25,227,346(-) | CAGCA(A/C/G)GTCAA | reference, missense | |
| rs104894361 | Pathogenic, Gastric cancer (GASC) [MIM:613659] | 25,245,370(-) | TATAA(A/C/T)CTTGT | nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense | |
| rs104894364 | Pathogenic, Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942] | 25,227,351(-) | CGACA(C/T)AGCAG | reference, missense | |
| rs104894365 | Pathogenic, Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942] | 25,245,345(-) | GTGGC(A/G)TAGGC | nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense | |
| rs104894366 | Pathogenic, Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 2 (CFC2) [MIM:615278], Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942] | 25,245,284(-) | TGATC(C/G/T)AACAA | nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| esv3580196 | CNV | loss | 25503493 |
| esv3628892 | CNV | loss | 21293372 |
| nsv1048631 | CNV | loss | 25217958 |
| nsv470279 | CNV | gain | 18288195 |
| nsv522233 | CNV | loss | 19592680 |
| nsv557798 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
37.9% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
0.13;
2.86% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for KRAS Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for KRAS Gene
Disorders for KRAS Gene
(131) MalaCards diseases for KRAS Gene - From: OMIM, ClinVar, GeneTests, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| noonan syndrome 3 |
|
|
| cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 2 |
|
|
| bladder cancer, somatic |
|
|
| pilocytic astrocytoma |
|
|
| ras-associated autoimmune leukoproliferative disorder |
|
|
Search KRAS in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
RASK_HUMAN- Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome 2 (CFC2) [MIM:615278]: A form of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, a multiple congenital anomaly disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, heart defects and mental retardation. Heart defects include pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Some affected individuals present with ectodermal abnormalities such as sparse, friable hair, hyperkeratotic skin lesions and a generalized ichthyosis-like condition. Typical facial features are similar to Noonan syndrome. They include high forehead with bitemporal constriction, hypoplastic supraorbital ridges, downslanting palpebral fissures, a depressed nasal bridge, and posteriorly angulated ears with prominent helices. CFC2 patients often do not have the skin abnormalities, such as ichthyosis, hyperkeratosis, and hemangioma observed in CFC1. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16474404, ECO:0000269 PubMed:16474405, ECO:0000269 PubMed:17056636, ECO:0000269 PubMed:20949621, ECO:0000269 PubMed:21797849}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Gastric cancer (GASC) [MIM:613659]: A malignant disease which starts in the stomach, can spread to the esophagus or the small intestine, and can extend through the stomach wall to nearby lymph nodes and organs. It also can metastasize to other parts of the body. The term gastric cancer or gastric carcinoma refers to adenocarcinoma of the stomach that accounts for most of all gastric malignant tumors. Two main histologic types are recognized, diffuse type and intestinal type carcinomas. Diffuse tumors are poorly differentiated infiltrating lesions, resulting in thickening of the stomach. In contrast, intestinal tumors are usually exophytic, often ulcerating, and associated with intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, most often observed in sporadic disease. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:14534542, ECO:0000269 PubMed:3034404, ECO:0000269 PubMed:7773929}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Leukemia, acute myelogenous (AML) [MIM:601626]: A subtype of acute leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells. AML is a malignant disease of bone marrow characterized by maturational arrest of hematopoietic precursors at an early stage of development. Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts occurs in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myelogenous leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and monocytes. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:8955068}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Leukemia, juvenile myelomonocytic (JMML) [MIM:607785]: An aggressive pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative disorder characterized by malignant transformation in the hematopoietic stem cell compartment with proliferation of differentiated progeny. Patients have splenomegaly, enlarged lymph nodes, rashes, and hemorrhages. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:17332249}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Noonan syndrome 3 (NS3) [MIM:609942]: A form of Noonan syndrome, a disease characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphic features such as hypertelorism, a downward eyeslant and low-set posteriorly rotated ears, and a high incidence of congenital heart defects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Other features can include a short neck with webbing or redundancy of skin, deafness, motor delay, variable intellectual deficits, multiple skeletal defects, cryptorchidism, and bleeding diathesis. Individuals with Noonan syndrome are at risk of juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by excessive production of myelomonocytic cells. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16474405, ECO:0000269 PubMed:16773572, ECO:0000269 PubMed:17056636, ECO:0000269 PubMed:17468812, ECO:0000269 PubMed:19396835, ECO:0000269 PubMed:20949621}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
- Note=Defects in KRAS are a cause of pylocytic astrocytoma (PA). Pylocytic astrocytomas are neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord derived from glial cells which vary from histologically benign forms to highly anaplastic and malignant tumors. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:16247081}.
- Note=KRAS mutations are involved in cancer development. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:14534542, ECO:0000269 PubMed:1553789, ECO:0000269 PubMed:16533793, ECO:0000269 PubMed:24623306, ECO:0000269 PubMed:3034404, ECO:0000269 PubMed:3627975, ECO:0000269 PubMed:6092920, ECO:0000269 PubMed:6695174, ECO:0000269 PubMed:7773929}.
Relevant External Links for KRAS
No data available for Genatlas for KRAS Gene
Publications for KRAS Gene
- KRAS mutation and microsatellite instability: two genetic markers of early tumor development that influence the prognosis of colorectal cancer. (PMID: 19813061) Nash G.M. … Paty P.B. (Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2010) 3 22 46 64
- Clinical outcome of patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving front-line chemotherapy according to EGFR and K-RAS mutation status. (PMID: 19854533) Kalikaki A. … Voutsina A. (Lung Cancer 2010) 3 22 46 64
- Clinicopathological predictors of EGFR/KRAS mutational status in primary lung adenocarcinomas. (PMID: 19855375) Dacic S. … Nikiforova M. (Mod. Pathol. 2010) 3 22 46 64
- KRAS and BRAF mutations in patients with rectal cancer treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy. (PMID: 19913317) Gaedcke J. … Ghadimi M. (Radiother Oncol 2010) 3 22 46 64
- Prognostic role of KRAS and BRAF in stage II and III resected colon cancer: results of the translational study on the PETACC-3, EORTC 40993, SAKK 60-00 trial. (PMID: 20008640) Roth A.D. … Bosman F. (J. Clin. Oncol. 2010) 3 22 46 64
Products for KRAS Gene
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- TA802564GM
- TA802564HM
- TA802564JM
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- KRAS (G13D/-) DLD-1 cell lines
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- KRAS (G12R/+) LIM1215 cell lines
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- KRAS (G12V/+) MCF10A cell lines
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- KRAS (G12S/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G12R/+) SW48 cell lines
- KRAS (G13D/-) HCT116 cell lines
- KRAS (+/-) HCT116 cell lines
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS knockout cell line
- KRAS knockout cell line
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for KRAS
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- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for KRAS Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
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