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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

KMO Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 65
GCID: GC01P241695

kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase)
 Explore 12 diseases affiliated with
KMO via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for KMO    

Aliases
for KMO gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase (Kynurenine 3-Hydroxylase)1 2
Kynurenine 3-Hydroxylase2 3
EC 1.14.13.93 8
DJ317G22.11
Kynurenine 3-Monooxygenase2

External Ids:    HGNC: 63811   Entrez Gene: 85642   Ensembl: ENSG000001170097   OMIM: 6035385   UniProtKB: O152293   

Export aliases for KMO gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC01P239781 GC01P237149 GC01P237992 GC01P238736 GC01P238020 GC01P212153


Summaries
for KMO gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for KMO:
This gene encodes a mitochondrion outer membrane protein that catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-tryptophan metabolite,
L-kynurenine, to form L-3-hydroxykynurenine. Studies in yeast identified this gene as a therapeutic target for
Huntington disease. (provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KMO_HUMAN, O15229
Function: Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for
synthesis of quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic NMDA receptor antagonist and potential endogenous inhibitor of NMDA
receptor signaling in axonal targeting, synaptogenesis and apoptosis during brain development. Quinolinic acid may
also affect NMDA receptor signaling in pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, myocardial cells, and the gastrointestinal
tract

Gene Wiki entry for KMO


Genomic Views
for KMO gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000001.10  NC_018912.1  NT_167186.1  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the KMO gene promoter:
         FOXI1   HFH-3   p53   FOXO4   NRSF form 1   FOXD3   NF-kappaB1   NRSF form 2   FOXO1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: KMO promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for KMO

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat KMO


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 1q42-q44   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  1q43   HGNC cytogenetic band: 1q42-q44

KMO Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
KMO gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 1         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC01P241695:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 241,695,434 bp from pter      End:
 241,758,944 bp from pter
Size:
 63,511 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for KMO gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KMO_HUMAN, O15229 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase  
Size: 486 amino acids; 55810 Da
Cofactor: FAD
Subcellular location: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Miscellaneous: Increased in neuroinflammatory conditions. Inhibitors are investigated as potential neuroprotective
drugs since they lead to an increased level of kynurenic acid, a neuroprotective NMDA receptor agonist
Secondary accessions: A2A2U8 A2A2U9 A2A2V0 Q5SY07 Q5SY08 Q5SY09
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  O15229-1   O15229-2   O15229-3   (Gene model based on mouse cDNA data. No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for KMO: NX_O15229

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O15229

    • 4/7 DME Specific Peptides for KMO (O15229) (see all 7)
     MMIALPN  GQGMNAG  SFTCTLF  GRSINLAL 

    KMO Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_003670.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000355517   ENSP00000355516   ENSP00000355515   ENSP00000355513  
    Reactome Protein details: O15229
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals KMO Protein
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    Uscn Proteins for KMO

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005739mitochondrion ----
    GO:0005741mitochondrial outer membrane ISS10672018
    GO:0005743mitochondrial inner membrane IEA--
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0016021integral to membrane IEA--


    KMO for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for KMO

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for KMO gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    KMO for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR003042 Rng_hydrolase-like
     IPR002938 mOase_FAD-bd

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O15229

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O15229

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KMO_HUMAN, O15229
    Similarity: Belongs to the aromatic-ring hydroxylase family. KMO subfamily


    Function
    for KMO gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KMO_HUMAN, O15229
    Function: Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for
    synthesis of quinolinic acid, a neurotoxic NMDA receptor antagonist and potential endogenous inhibitor of NMDA
    receptor signaling in axonal targeting, synaptogenesis and apoptosis during brain development. Quinolinic acid may
    also affect NMDA receptor signaling in pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, myocardial cells, and the gastrointestinal
    tract
    Catalytic activity: L-kynurenine + NADPH + O(2) = 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP(+) + H(2)O
    Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=24.1 uM for L-kynurenine; Vmax=8.5 umol/min/mg enzyme; pH
    dependence: Optimum pH is 7.5;

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for KMO:
    kynurenine 3-monooxygenase,55.8kDa,NADPH flavin monooxygenase,expressed in liver,placenta,kidney

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 1.14.13.91 2

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KMO
    8/17 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate KMO (see all 17):
    hsa-miR-141* hsa-miR-641 hsa-miR-4325 hsa-miR-1299 hsa-miR-548c-3p hsa-miR-616 hsa-miR-4303 hsa-miR-3606
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KMO 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KMO (see all 7)
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    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat KMO

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004502kynurenine 3-monooxygenase activity IDA10672018
    GO:0009055electron carrier activity ----
    GO:0016174NAD(P)H oxidase activity IDA10672018
    GO:0050660flavin adenine dinucleotide binding IDA10672018


    KMO for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for KMO:
     Increased HPV18 LCR reporter a 


    Pathways & Interactions
    for KMO gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/7 super-pathways (see all 7) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
    		tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde1.00
    		Tryptophan catabolism0.45
    		NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)0.50
    2Metabolism
    		Metabolism1.00
    		Metabolic pathways0.38
    3NAD metabolism
    		NAD metabolism1.00
    		NAD metabolism1.00
    4Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives
    		Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives1.00
    5Selenium Pathway
    		Selenium Pathway1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for KMO
        NAD metabolism


    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for KMO
        NAD metabolism

    4 BioSystems Pathways for KMO 
        Selenium Pathway
    tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde
    tryptophan degradation III (eukaryotic)
    NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan)

    3        Reactome Pathways for KMO
        Tryptophan catabolism
    Metabolism
    Metabolism of amino acids and derivatives


    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for KMO):
        Tryptophan metabolism
    Metabolic pathways

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KMO_HUMAN, O15229
    Pathway: Cofactor biosynthesis; NAD(+) biosynthesis; quinolinate from L-kynurenine: step 1/3


    KMO for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for KMO

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 6)

    5/20 Interacting proteins for KMO (O152293 ENSP000003555174) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 20)

    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    DHPSP493663, ENSP000002100604I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000210060
    ARFGAP1Q8N6T33I2D: score=5 
    ACAA1P091103I2D: score=1 
    ACAT1P247523I2D: score=1 
    ADSLP305663I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006569tryptophan catabolic process TAS--
    GO:0009435NAD biosynthetic process IEA--
    GO:0009651response to salt stress IDA10672018
    GO:0019441tryptophan catabolic process to kynurenine IEA--
    GO:0019674NAD metabolic process ----


    KMO for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for KMO gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    KMO for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for KMO

    Compounds for KMO available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    Ro 61-8048Potent kynurenine 3-hydroxylase inhibitor[199666-03-0]

    9 HMDB Compounds for KMO    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    FAD1H-Purin-6-amine flavin dinucleotide (see all 21)146-14-5--
    Hydroxykynurenine3-(3-hydroxyanthraniloyl)-Alanine (see all 7)484-78-6--
    L-Kynurenine(S)-alpha,2-diamino-3-hydroxy-gamma-oxo-Benzenebutanoate (see all 15)343-65-7--
    NAD3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)53-84-9--
    NADPAdenine-nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (see all 18)53-59-8--
    NADPH2'-(dihydrogen phosphate) 5'-(trihydrogen pyrophosphate) Adenosine 5'-ester with 1,4-dihydro-1-b-D-ribofuranosylnicotinamide (see all 23)53-57-6--
    OxygenOxygen (see all 5)7782-44-7--
    Quinolinic acidpyridine-2,3-carboxylate (see all 10)89-00-9--
    WaterDihydrogen oxide (see all 2)7732-18-5--
    10/14 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for KMO gene (see all 14)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    (m-nitrobenzoyl)alanine 96 3 12354294 (1), 18954092 (1)
    kynurenine 95.5 90 8239646 (8), 18954092 (4), 9291104 (3), 15206781 (3) (see all 32)
    3-hydroxykynurenine 92 17 12354294 (3), 2321759 (1), 18954092 (1), 8239646 (1) (see all 8)
    kynurenic acid 88.6 15 15829251 (3), 12354294 (3), 11982504 (1), 15206781 (1) (see all 7)
    3-hydroxyanthranilic acid 88.4 8 9291104 (3), 16956766 (1), 11795205 (1), 10966936 (1)
    quinolinic acid 83.2 7 9291104 (3), 12354294 (1), 11795205 (1), 10966936 (1)
    flavin 68.7 10 18954092 (3), 12230548 (1), 9237672 (1)
    quinine 68.5 8 12354294 (3), 8293279 (2), 8245962 (1), 15206781 (1) (see all 5)
    indoleamine 68.4 2 11795205 (1), 12165503 (1)
    l-tryptophan 68.3 3 9291104 (2), 8417138 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about KMO 

    Transcripts
    for KMO gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for KMO gene: 
    NM_003679.4  

    Unigene Cluster for KMO:

    Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase)
    Hs.744065  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_003679
    10 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000366559(uc009xgo.2 uc009xgp.3) ENST00000366558(uc001hyy.3)
    ENST00000484628 ENST00000480967 ENST00000484229 ENST00000477907 ENST00000366557
    ENST00000481087 ENST00000431245 ENST00000366555

    miRNA
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    hsa-miR-141* hsa-miR-641 hsa-miR-4325 hsa-miR-1299 hsa-miR-548c-3p hsa-miR-616 hsa-miR-4303 hsa-miR-3606
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KMO 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF056032.1 AK291558.1 AK310937.1 BC005297.1 Y13153.1 

    14 DOTS entries:

    DT.95167751  DT.92437057  DT.100782603  DT.121407952  DT.40131123  DT.92437054  DT.100020104  DT.121407947 
    DT.95167750  DT.97763474  DT.40289099  DT.91788981  DT.92391534  DT.95148501 

    24/93 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 93):

    AU135363 BM684741 CR593684 CA398018 BX334999 AI261812 CR601734 CR613404 
    AI262990 CF528266 H47346 BX643377 BX399335 AA862887 R64497 AA971307 
    BI760391 AI949852 AU139079 AI434838 AA694108 CB164355 BX392589 N57051 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/7 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for KMO (see all 7)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d · 1e ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8a · 8b · 8c ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14a · 14b ^ 15
    SP1:                                -     -                 -                       -                                                     -               
    SP2:                                -     -                 -                       -                                                                     
    SP3:                                -                       -                       -                                                                     
    SP4:                                                        -                                                                                             
    SP5:                                -     -     -     -     -                       -                                                                     


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for KMO

    Expression
    for KMO gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    KMO expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AAAAAAATGT

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image
    See KMO Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for KMO

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.744065

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KMO_HUMAN, O15229
    Tissue specificity: Highest levels in placenta and liver. Detectable in kidney

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including KMO: 
              Amino Acid Metabolism I in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
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    Orthologs
    for KMO gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals and fungi.

    Orthologs for KMO gene from 8/26 species (see all 26)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Kmo1 , 5 kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase) less1, 5 83.11(n)1
    82.46(a)1    		   1 (81.60 cM)5
    982561  NM_133809.11  NP_598570.11 
     1756203815 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves KMO1 kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase) less 69.23(n)
    70.51(a)    		   424041  XM_421897.3  XP_421897.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia KMO6
    		 --
    		 66(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343645.1(187008-214524)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia Xl.144292 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein refNP_003670.1 (H.sapiens) kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (kynurenine 3-hydroxylase) [Homo sapiens] less 76.32(n)    BJ054972.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii kmo1 kynurenine 3-monooxygenase 66.52(n)
    65.68(a)    		   368242  NM_001040306.2  NP_001035396.2 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta cn1 , 3 ommochrome biosynthesis kynurenine
    3-monooxygenase less3
    cinnabar1    		 45(a)3
    49.65(n)1
    44.55(a)1    		   2 43E163
    357241  NM_078927.21  NP_523651.31 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea R07B7.51 , 3 Monooxygenase3
    Protein R07B7.51    		 45(a)
    (best of 2)3
    53.08(n)1
    48.01(a)1    		   V(12071388-12073115)3
    1796571  NM_073624.21  NP_506025.11 
    baker's yeast
    (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)    		 Saccharomycetes BNA4(YBL098W)4
    BNA41    		 Kynurenine 3-mono oxygenase, required for the de novo biosynthesis of NAD from tryptophan via kynurenine; expression regulated by Hst1p; putative therapeutic target for Huntington disease less4
    Bna4p1    		 50.36(n)1
    40.1(a)1    		   2(39145-40527)4
    8521791, 4  NP_009454.11, 4 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KMO (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for KMO (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for KMO gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    		  --

    Genomic Variants
    for KMO gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/1284 NCBI SNPs in KMO are shown (see all 1284)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 1 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1156503611,2
    		C,--241693499(+) AACTTC/TCGTTT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1146001041,2
    		F,--241693529(+) ATGCAT/CAAACA 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- C:0.03WA 118
    rs727660101,2
    		--241693543(+) CTGGGC/TGCAGT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1822762731,2
    		--241693566(+) TAATTC/TCAGCA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1869141911,2
    		--241693590(+) AGGCGG/TGTGGA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1997051191,2
    		--241693658(+) GAAAA-/AATAATAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1901475401,2
    		--241693673(+) ATTAGC/GTAGGC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1415119611,2
    		--241693766(+) TGAGCC/GGAGAT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1828453311,2
    		--241693771(+) CGAGAC/TTGCAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1883176141,2
    		--241693884(+) TACTCA/CTACAT 1 -- us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for KMO (241695434 - 241758944 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for KMO
         1 Indel: 59994
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): KMO

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for KMO gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    KMO for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 603538    OMIM disorders: --

    12 diseases for KMO:    About MalaCards
    huntington's disease    transient cerebral ischemia    brain injury    ischemia
    meningitis    cerebritis    multiple sclerosis    neurologic diseases
    noma    schizophrenia    pancreatitis    neuronitis

    3 Novoseek disease relationships for KMO gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    transient cerebral ischemia 58.3 1 8417138 (1)
    cerebral ischemia 41.9 3 8239646 (2), 8245962 (1)
    ischemia 22.6 3 18954092 (1), 8239646 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: KMO (3 documents)

    Export disorders for KMO gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for KMO gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for KMO gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 47):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with KMO)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Cloning and functional expression of human kynurenine 3- monooxygenase. (PubMed id 9237672)1, 2, 3, 9 Alberati-Giani D....Malherbe P. (1997)
    2. Functional characterization and mechanism of action of recombinant human kynurenine 3-hydroxylase. (PubMed id 10672018)1, 2, 9 Breton J.... Isacchi A. (2000)
    3. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. (PubMed id 16710414)1, 2 Gregory S.G.... Bentley D.R. (2006)
    4. Endogenous kynurenines as targets for drug discovery and development. (PubMed id 12402501)1, 2 Stone T.W. and Darlington L.G. (2002)
    5. Association study between kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene and schizophrenia in the Japanese population. (PubMed id 16716206)1, 9 Aoyama N....Ozaki N. (2006)
    6. Characterization of a novel human opsin gene with wide tissue expression and identification of embedded and flanking genes on chromosome 1q43. (PubMed id 11401433)1, 9 Halford S.... Hunt D.M. (2001)
    7. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase polymorphisms: relevance fo r kynurenic acid synthesis in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. (PubMed id 21693093)1 Holtze M....Erhardt S. (2012)
    8. Downregulated kynurenine 3-monooxygenase gene express ion and enzyme activity in schizophrenia and genetic association with schizophr enia endophenotypes. (PubMed id 21727251)1 Wonodi I....Schwarcz R. (2011)
    9. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) polymorphisms in sch izophrenia: An association study. (PubMed id 21030213)1 Holtze M....Schalling M. (2010)
    10. Follow-up examination of linkage and association to c hromosome 1q43 in multiple sclerosis. (PubMed id 19626040)1 McCauley J.L....Haines J.L. (2009)

    External Searches for KMO gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing KMO gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 8564 HGNC: 6381 AceView: KMO Ensembl:ENSG00000117009 euGenes: HUgn8564
    ECgene: KMO Kegg: 8564 H-InvDB: KMO

    Other Databases showing KMO gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing KMO gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for KMO Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for KMO gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for KMO gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving KMO

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
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