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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

KEL Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60
GCID: GC07M142638

Kell blood group, metallo-endopeptidase

(Previous names: Kell blood group, Kell blood group, metalloendopeptidase...)

Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
KEL via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Kell Blood Group, Metallo-Endopeptidase¹ ²		Kell Blood Group Antigen²
CD238¹ ²		Kell Blood Group Glycoprotein²
ECE3¹ ²		EC 3.4.24.-³
Kell Blood Group¹		CD238 Antigen³
Kell Blood Group, Metalloendopeptidase¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 6308¹	Entrez Gene: 3792²	Ensembl: ENSG00000197993⁷	OMIM: 613883⁵	UniProtKB: P23276³

Export aliases for KEL gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC07M140964 GC07M142032 GC07M142109 GC07M142155 GC07M142348 GC07M136976

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for KEL:

This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. The

Kell glycoprotein links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen. The

encoded protein contains sequence and structural similarity to members of the neprilysin (M13) family of zinc

endopeptidases. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KELL_HUMAN, P23276

Function: Zinc endopeptidase with endothelin-3-converting enzyme activity. Cleaves EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3, with a marked

preference for EDN3

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000007.13 NC_018918.1 NT_007914.15 NT_079596.2

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the KEL gene promoter:
C/EBPbeta Bach2 NRSF form 1 Lmo2 NRSF form 2 Egr-4 Evi-1 GATA-6 SEF-1 (1) Ik-1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: KEL promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for KEL

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat KEL

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 7q33 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 7q34 HGNC cytogenetic band: 7q33

KEL Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
KEL gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 7 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC07M142638: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	142,638,201 bp from pter	End:	142,659,768 bp from pter
Size:	21,568 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

1 alternative location:

Chr7-,CRA_TCAG 142,040,072-142,061,375

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KELL_HUMAN, P23276 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Kell blood group glycoprotein

Size: 732 amino acids; 82824 Da

Cofactor: Binds 1 zinc ion per subunit (By similarity)

Subunit: Heterodimer with XK; disulfide-linked

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note=Spans the erythrocyte membrane, and is

attached to the underlying cytoskeleton

Secondary accessions: B2RBV4 Q96RS8 Q99885

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for KEL: NX_P23276

Post-translational modifications:

N-glycosylated¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P23276

KEL Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000411.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000347409 ENSP00000419889 ENSP00000420011 ENSP00000418886

Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Uscn Proteins for KEL

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	TAS	9647734

KEL for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for KEL

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

KEL for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR000718 Peptidase_M13

IPR018497 Peptidase_M13_C

IPR008753 Peptidase_M13_N

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P23276

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P23276

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000718 Neprilysin metalloprotease (M13) family signature

IPB008753 Peptidase M13

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KELL_HUMAN, P23276

Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase M13 family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KELL_HUMAN, P23276

Function: Zinc endopeptidase with endothelin-3-converting enzyme activity. Cleaves EDN1, EDN2 and EDN3, with a marked

preference for EDN3

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 3.4.24.-¹

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: KEL Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KEL
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate KEL:
		hsa-miR-9
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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KEL (see all 4) OriGene shRNA RFP: KEL OriGene siRNA: KEL
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Gene Editing
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for KEL
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for KEL

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for KEL

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004222	metalloendopeptidase activity	IDA	15769748
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	7737196
GO:0046872	metal ion binding	IEA	--

KEL for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for KEL:

Decreased p24 protein expressi

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for KEL

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 6)

5/10 Interacting proteins for KEL (P23276^{2, 3} ENSP00000347409⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 10)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
TUBA1A	Q71U36²^,³, ENSP00000301071⁴	MINT-8259150 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000301071
XK	P51811³, ENSP00000367879⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000367879
EDN1	P05305³, ENSP00000368683⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000368683
EDN2	P20800³, ENSP00000361668⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000361668
EDN3	P14138³, ENSP00000337128⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000337128

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006508	proteolysis	IEA	--
GO:0042310	vasoconstriction	TAS	15769748

KEL for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

KEL for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for KEL
1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for KEL gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
chloramphenicol	32.2	3	7858266 (1), 11336649 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about KEL / KELL

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for KEL gene:

NM_000420.2

Unigene Cluster for KEL:

Kell blood group, metallo-endopeptidase

Hs.368588 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC003135

9 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000355265(uc003wcb.3) ENST00000470850 ENST00000478969 ENST00000465697

ENST00000479768 ENST00000494148 ENST00000476829 ENST00000467543 ENST00000460479

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: KEL Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat KEL
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate KEL:
		hsa-miR-9
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: KEL 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for KEL (see all 4) OriGene shRNA RFP: KEL OriGene siRNA: KEL
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Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KEL (see all 2) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for KEL OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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Additional cDNA sequence:

AK314831.1 BC003135.1 BC050639.1 FN998902.1 HE572750.1 M64934.2

5 DOTS entries:

DT.413318 DT.413320 DT.95232563 DT.91667483 DT.121107654

24/44 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 44):

BC050639 BI831690 BX089674 NM_000420 BC003135 BM554115 AL040742 AW955759

H62971 AL040784 M64934 AU120607 AW294875 AL602009 AI076828 BF995823

BE302724 AA860253 AA333985 T55061 BF082447 R98067 BE302535 BE207538

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for KEL (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	^	8a	·	8b	^	9	^	10a	·	10b	^	11	^	12	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	^	15a	·	15b	^	16	^	17a	·	17b	^	18a	·
SP1:					-																-
SP2:
SP3:					-
SP4:
SP5:																					-						-

ExUns:	18b	^	19
SP1:
SP2:	-
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for KEL

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

KEL expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GAATCAGAGC

About this image

KEL expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

Primitive gut tube-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Mesoderm-like cells (Derivation of cardio...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See KEL Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for KEL

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.368588

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KELL_HUMAN, P23276

Tissue specificity: Expressed at high levels in erythrocytes and testis (in Sertoli cells), and, at lower levels, in

skeletal muscle, tonsils (in follicular dendritic cells), lymph node, spleen and appendix (at protein level). Also

expressed in many adult and fetal nonerythroid tissues, including brain, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for KEL

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In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for KEL

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for KEL gene from 5/17 species (see all 17) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	KEL⁶	Uncharacterized protein	42(a)	1 ↔ 1	1(80965925-80985453)
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	KEL⁶	--	42(a)	1 ↔ 1	GL343391.1(332375-367679)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	si:dkey-91i17.5⁶	si:dkey-91i17.5	26(a)	1 ↔ 1	16(19324727-19362077)
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG3775⁶ CG14526⁶ (see all 17)	--	18(a) 17(a) (see all 17)	1 ↔ many 1 ↔ many (see all 17)	X(12695694-12698265) 3R(24709415-24711737)
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	C49D10.10⁶ F39E9.4⁶ (see all 13)	Protein F39E9.4 (see all 13)	16(a) 16(a) (see all 13)	1 ↔ many 1 ↔ many (see all 13)	II(3873543-3877229) II(3282657-3287156)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KEL (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for KEL (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for KEL gene

PHEX² MME² ECE2² MMEL1² ECE1² ECEL1²

2 SIMAP similar genes for KEL using alignment to 36 protein entries: KELL_HUMAN (see all proteins):

ECE2 ECE1

KEL for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: KELL_HUMAN, P23276

Polymorphism: KEL is responsible for the Kell blood group system. The molecular basis of the K=KEL1/k=KEL2 blood group

antigens is a single variation in position 193; Thr-193 corresponds to KEL2 and Met-193 to KEL1. The molecular basis

of the Kpa=KEL3/Kpb=KEL4/Kpc=KEL21 blood group antigens is a single variation in position 281; Arg-281 corresponds to

KEL4, Trp-281 to KEL3 and Gln-281 to KEL21. The molecular basis of the Jsa=KEL6/Jsb=KEL7 blood group antigens is a

single variation in position 597; Leu-597 corresponds to KEL7 and Pro-597 to KEL6. The molecular basis of the

KEL11/KEL17 blood group antigens is a single variation in position 302; Val-302 corresponds to KEL11 and Ala-302 to

KEL17. The molecular basis of the KEL14/KEL24 blood group antigens is a single variation in position 180; Arg-180

corresponds to KEL14 and Pro-180 to KEL24

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 7 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs8176039^1,2	C,F,A,H,	untested	142041875(+)	`TTCTCA/C/G/T AAGAA`	4	L F	mis¹ syn¹		24		NS EA NA WA CSA EU	7933
rs61729033^1,2	C	untested	142042504(-)	`TGACCA/GTGTGG`	2	H R	mis¹		1		EU	1323
rs8176034^1,2	C,F,H,	untested	142042787(-)	`CCCTCA/C/TGAGCT`	3	R *	syn¹ stg¹		8		NS EA NA EU	6373
rs61729032^1,2	C,	untested	142043291(-)	`ACAAGA/TATACA`	2	E V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs61729050^1,2	C	untested	142043295(-)	`CCCGAA/C/TAAGAA`	3	K Q *	mis¹ stg¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs61729035^1,2	C,F,	untested	142043297(-)	`GGCCCG/AACAAG`	2	/Q /R	mis¹		1		NA	4552
rs61728831^1,2	C	untested	142045211(-)	`GCTGGC/TGGCTT`	2	A V	mis¹		1		NA	4514
rs61729054^1,2	C	untested	142052798(-)	`TGTCAC/G/TAACTG`	3	Q E *	mis¹ stg¹		1		NA	4552
rs61729037^1,2	C	untested	142052875(-)	`GCAAGC/TGACAT`	2	A V	mis¹		1		NA	4552
rs61729049^1,2	C	untested	142052892(-)	`GACTGA/C/GTTGTC`	3	* C W	stg¹ mis¹		1		EU	1321

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for KEL (142638201 - 142659768 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for KEL
1 CNV: 52134
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): KEL

Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): KEL
Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database (BGMUT) blood group system

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing KEL

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for KEL

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

KEL for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 613883    OMIM disorders: --

15 diseases for KEL:    About MalaCards

tinea corporis fetal erythroblastosis autoimmune hemolytic anemia carbuncle

acute chest syndrome chronic granulomatous disease erysipelas hemolytic anemia

scabies protein s deficiency tonsillitis anemia

pneumonia tuberculosis mycobacterium tuberculosis

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for KEL:

Neuroacanthocytosis

Genetic Association Database (GAD): KEL
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: KEL (7 documents)

Export disorders for KEL gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for KEL gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 48):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with KEL)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Molecular cloning and primary structure of Kell blood group protein. (PubMed id 1712490)^{1, 2, 3} Lee S.... Redman C.M. (1991)
Point mutations characterize KEL10, the KEL3, KEL4, and KEL21 alleles, and the KEL17 and KEL11 alleles. (PubMed id 8669078)^{1, 2, 9} Lee S....Redman C.M. (1996)
Organization of the gene encoding the human Kell blood group protein. (PubMed id 7858266)^{1, 2, 9} Lee S.... Redman C.M. (1995)
Molecular basis of the K:6,-7 [Js(a+b-)] phenotype in the Kell blood group system. (PubMed id 7570911)^{1, 2, 9} Lee S.... Redman C.M. (1995)
Molecular basis of the Kell (K1) phenotype. (PubMed id 7849312)^{1, 2, 9} Lee S.... Redman C.M. (1995)
The human Kell blood group gene maps to chromosome 7q33 and its expression is restricted to erythroid cells. (PubMed id 7683930)^{1, 3, 9} Lee S....Redman C.M. (1993)
Genetic characterization of the population of Grande Comore Island (Njazidja) according to major blood groups. (PubMed id 15754970)^{1, 4} Chiaroni J....Boetsch G. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Proteolytic processing of big endothelin-3 by the kell blood group protein. (PubMed id 10438732)^{1, 2} Lee S....Redman C. (1999)
Transcriptional regulation of the KEL gene and Kell protein expression in erythroid and non-erythroid cells. (PubMed id 11336649)^{2, 9} Camara-Clayette V....Cartron J.P. (2001)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3792	HGNC: 6308	AceView: KEL	Ensembl:ENSG00000197993	euGenes: HUgn3792
ECgene: KEL	H-InvDB: KEL

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for KEL	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
dbRBC/BGMUT	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gv/mhc/xslcgi.cgi?cmd=bgmut/systems_info&system=kell
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/KEL
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/kel/

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