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KARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 68

GC16M074219

lysyl-tRNA synthetase
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
EC 6.1.1.6 ^³
KARS2 ^¹, ²
KIAA0070 ^², ³
KRS ^²
LysRS ^³

Descriptions
Lysine--tRNA ligase ^³
lysine tRNA ligase ^²
lysyl-tRNA synthetase ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 6215¹
Entrez Gene: 3735²
UniProtKB: Q15046³
Ensembl: ENSG00000065427⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for KARS gene

Previous GC identifers: GC16M066591 GC16M076622 GC16M075400 GC16M075442 GC16M075443

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for KARS:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids.

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase is a homodimer localized to the cytoplasm which belongs to the class II

family of tRNA synthetases. It has been shown to be a target of autoantibodies in the human

autoimmune diseases, polymyositis or dermatomyositis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants

encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

Gene Wiki entry for KARS

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the KARS gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 16q23-q24 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 16q23.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 16q23.1

KARS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 16 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC16M074219: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	74,219,123 bp from pter
End:	74,239,078 bp from pter
Size:	19,956 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000016.8 NT_010498.15

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Lysyl-tRNA synthetase

Size: 597 amino acids; 68048 Da

Subunit: Homodimer (By similarity); also part of a multisubunit complex that groups tRNA ligases

for Arg, Asp, Glu, Gln, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met and Pro

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

3BJU (3D)

Secondary accessions: O14946 Q96J25

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001123561.1 NP_005539.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000303043 ENSP00000367937 ENSP00000377053 ENSP00000325448

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Lysyl tRNA synthetase)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (KARS)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: KARS

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	TAS	9278442
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	9278442

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Antibodies for KARS:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for KARS
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Antibodies from Abcam (Lysyl tRNA synthetase), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibody for KARS

Assays for KARS:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q15046

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q15046

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB002313 Lysyl-tRNA synthetase signature

IPB004364 tRNA synthetase

IPB004365 OB-fold nucleic acid binding domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046

Similarity: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (KARS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (KARS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_001130089

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for KARS

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for KARS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for KARS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clone Ranger at Invitrogen for clones
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001130089
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001130089
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001130089

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_001130089

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYK_HUMAN, Q15046

Catalytic activity: ATP + L-lysine + tRNA(Lys) = AMP + diphosphate + L-lysyl-tRNA(Lys)

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 6.1.1.6

Genatlas biochemistry entry for KARS:

lysyl-tRNA synthetase,target of autoantibodies in the autoimmune disease

polymyositis/dermatomyositis

5 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0003676	nucleic acid binding	IEA	--
GO:0004824	lysine-tRNA ligase activity	TAS	9278442
GO:0005524	ATP binding	IEA	--
GO:0016874	ligase activity	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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3 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for KARS (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
Lysine Biosynthesis
Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis

GeneDecks KARS for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

5/198 Interacting proteins for KARS (ENSP00000325448³ Q15046²) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 198 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ARHGEF4	Q9NR80²	MINT-6542674
CUL1	Q13616²	MINT-6542674
CUL2	Q13617²	MINT-6542674
CUL3	Q13618²	MINT-6542674
CUL4A	Q13619²	MINT-6542674

About this table

1 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006430	lysyl-tRNA aminoacylation	IEA	--

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for KARS
10/14 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for KARS gene (see all 14 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
trna(lys)	87.28	48	15183344 (5), 10387054 (4), 14722314 (4), 12941890 (3) (see all 5)
aminoacyl-trna	84.99	7	12438642 (1), 12766171 (1), 18839981 (1), 15220430 (1) (see all 5)
trna	67.80	48	11706011 (6), 12766171 (5), 12417586 (4), 9278442 (3) (see all 10)
atpa	67.40	1	18793656 (1)
anticodon	66.60	9	10572184 (2), 11884398 (2), 12766171 (2), 17661445 (1) (see all 5)
trna(asp)	66.50	2	12766171 (1)
lysine	39.20	4	14747465 (1), 9278442 (1), 17158446 (1)
acetic acid	15.93	1	18793656 (1)
ornithine	11.37	1	10387054 (1)
leucine	10.26	2	10387054 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (KARS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (KARS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_001130089

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for KARS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for KARS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_001130089 NM_005548

REFSEQ mRNAs for KARS gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001130089.1 NM_005548.2

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_001130089 NM_005548

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001130089
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001130089
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_001130089

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF285758.1 AK126584.1 AK309168.1 AK315687.1 BC004132.2 BC013246.1 CR593300.1 CR601961.1

CR604139.1 CR608423.1 CR611117.1 CR617122.1 CR622561.1 D31890.1 D32053.1

20 DOTS entries:

DT.119914 DT.100664559 DT.100697984 DT.100664561 DT.100664562 DT.95167502 DT.100865562 DT.120666383

DT.97861075 DT.100876632 DT.120666394 DT.120666406 DT.100641124 DT.92453824 DT.100664555 DT.100664566

DT.120666478 DT.120666497 DT.92453826 DT.92453829

24/756 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 756 ):

BE267194 AA348232 AA311010 BM973347 BM764905 BM789308 BM454229 AA295192

BQ723634 AU099501 BU733958 BM794146 BM927632 AW328170 BU183314 CB045163

BM741726 AA599607 AI934833 CB159286 BM796004 BF971382 BQ006238 BM451994

highest scoring ESTs for KARS:

AA149692 AA322826 AF285758 AL037552 AL037575 AL514978 AL515661 AL516675 AL526819 AL546307

Unigene Cluster for KARS:

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase

Hs.3100 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001130089

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/16 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for KARS (see all 16 )

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	·	2d	·	2e	^	3	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	^	10a	·	10b	^	11a	·	11b	·	11c	^	12a	·	12b	^
SP1:											-				-
SP2:											-		-		-
SP3:											-				-						-		-
SP4:											-		-
SP5:

ExUns:	13a	·	13b	^	14	^	15	^	16a	·	16b	^	17a	·	17b	·	17c	·	17d
SP1:									-
SP2:									-
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for KARS

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000302445 ENST00000378668 ENST00000393395 ENST00000319410

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

KARS expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for KARS

¹ / ² / ³

5 probe-sets matching KARS gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
34336_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	2	1.00	0.97	1.00	1.00	D32053	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
200840_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_005548	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
200079_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	2	1.00	0.95	--	--	AF285758	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
200840_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
200079_s_at²	U133Plus2	2	1.00	0.95	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: AAACCCGAAG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.3100
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for KARS

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for KARS gene from 5/27 species (see all 27 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	KARS¹	--	lysyl-tRNA synthetase	91.06(n) 94.29(a)	479644 XM_845310.1 XP_850403.1
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	KARS¹	--	lysyl-tRNA synthetase	99.61(n) 99.83(a)	454252 XM_511115.2 XP_511115.2
cow (Bos taurus)	KARS¹	--	lysyl-tRNA synthetase	90.91(n) 94.44(a)	509624 NM_001034356.1 NP_001029528.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Kars¹	--	lysyl-tRNA synthetase	88.29(n) 92.39(a)	292028 NM_001006967.1 NP_001006968.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Kars^{1, 5}	8 (55.00 cM)⁵	lysyl-tRNA synthetase^{1, 5}	88.91(n)¹ 92.94(a)¹	85305¹ NM_053092.1¹ NP_444322.1¹ AA407939⁵ AA589550⁵ (see all 35)

About this table Species with no ortholog for KARS

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for KARS

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for KARS gene

DARS2²

Pseudogenes

2 related pseudogenes

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/123 NCBI SNPs in KARS are shown (see all 123 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 60)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 16 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
--	rs6834^1,2	A,C,F,H	74219304(-)	`TGGCAC/GTTCTG`	2	T/S	mis¹ ese³		13	NA EA MN EU WA	1350
--	rs11557665^1,2	H	74227444(-)	`TCGGGG/CAGACA`	2	A/G	mis¹		4	EU EA WA	406
--	rs11557664^1,2	H	74231673(-)	`AGTTCC/TATGTA`	2	H/Y	mis¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	406
	rs7186504^1,2	H	74221849(+)	`TCTGTG/TGGTGA`	2	P/Q	mis¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	406
--	rs11557669^1,2	H	74231697(-)	`ATGGGG/CAAGAC`	2	Q/E	mis¹		4	EU EA WA	406
--	rs11557667^1,2	H	74231691(-)	`AAGACC/ACATAC`	2	T/P	mis¹ ese³		4	EU EA WA	406
	rs5030748^1,2	C,F	74233110(-)	`AAGAGA/GCGCCT`	2	R/R	syn¹		5	NA EU EA WA	498
	rs7189895^1,2	A,C,F,H	74222520(+)	`GAACCG/ATTCAG`	1	--	int¹		6	EU EA WA NA	594
	rs8051771^1,2	A,C,F,H	74219721(+)	`ATGCAC/TGGAGA`	1	--	int¹		8	EU EA WA	838
	rs12596033^1,2	A,C,F,H	74229915(+)	`TTCAAA/CAATGA`	1	--	int¹		7	EU EA WA NA	558

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for KARS (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 601421

2 Novoseek disease relationships for KARS gene

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
microphthalmia	47.76	5	18644867 (1), 16199869 (1)
immunodeficiency	42.76	9	15220430 (2), 12417586 (1), 12941890 (1), 15888436 (1) (see all 6)

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1 PharmGKB disease relationship for KARS gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute, L1	FA GN	12086872

About this table

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/121 PubMed articles for KARS gene (see all 121 ):

Human lysyl-tRNA synthetase accepts nucleotide 73 variants and rescues Escherichia coli double-defective mutant. (PubMed id 9278442)^{1, 2, 3, 4} Shiba K....Schimmel P. (1997)
Assignment of two human autoantigen genes-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 9q21 and lysyl-tRNA synthetase locates to 16q23-q24. (PubMed id 8812440)^{1, 2, 3} Nichols R.C....Liu P. (1996)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1. (PubMed id 7584044)^{3, 4} Nomura N....Tabata S. (1994)
Cellular distribution of Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and its interaction with Gag during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 assembly. (PubMed id 15220430)^{1, 3} Halwani R....Kleiman L. (2004)
The interaction between HIV-1 Gag and human lysyl-tRNA synthetase during viral assembly. (PubMed id 12756246)^{1, 3} Javanbakht H....Kleiman L. (2003)
Critical role of helix 4 of HIV-1 capsid C-terminal domain in interactions with human lysyl-tRNA synthetase. (PubMed id 17724017)^{1, 3} Kovaleski B.J....Musier-Forsyth K. (2007)
Inhibition of cellular HIV-1 protease activity by lysyl-tRNA synthetase. (PubMed id 15888436)^{1, 3} Guo F....Kleiman L. (2005)
In vitro characterization of the interaction between HIV-1 Gag and human lysyl-tRNA synthetase. (PubMed id 16702215)^{1, 3} Kovaleski B.J....Musier-Forsyth K. (2006)
Incorporation of lysyl-tRNA synthetase into human immunodeficiency virus type 1. (PubMed id 11333884)^{1, 3} Cen S....Kleiman L. (2001)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 3735	HGNC: 6215	AceView: KARS	Ensembl:ENSG00000065427	euGenes: HUgn3735
ECgene: KARS	H-InvDB: KARS

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

HUGE: KIAA0070

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Licensable Technologies for KARS
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

About This Section

(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for KARS:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for KARS-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for KARS		Antibodies for KARS
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for KARS		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (KARS)
	Search for Antibodies
	Chimera RNAi (KARS)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Search for Antibodies & Assays

	Recombinant Proteins (Lysyl tRNA synthetase)
	Antibodies (Lysyl tRNA synthetase)

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

Search Tocris compounds for KARS

Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for KARS

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KARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 68

Aliases &
Descriptions
for KARS

Summaries
for KARS

Genomic Location
for KARS

Proteins
for KARS

Protein Domains/
Families
for KARS

Gene Function
for KARS

Pathways & Interactions
for KARS

Drugs & Compounds
for KARS

Transcripts
for KARS

Expression
for KARS

Orthologs
for KARS

Paralogs
for KARS

SNPs/Variants
for KARS

Disorders & Mutations
for KARS

Medical News
for KARS

Publications
for KARS

Search for KARS

Genome Databases showing KARS

Other Databases showing KARS

Specialized Databases showing KARS

Licensable Technologies
for KARS

Services
for KARS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

KARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 68

Aliases & Descriptionsfor KARS

Summariesfor KARS

Genomic Locationfor KARS

Proteinsfor KARS

Protein Domains/Familiesfor KARS

Gene Functionfor KARS

Pathways & Interactionsfor KARS

Drugs & Compoundsfor KARS

Transcriptsfor KARS

Expression for KARS

Orthologsfor KARS

Paralogsfor KARS

SNPs/Variantsfor KARS

Disorders & Mutationsfor KARS

Medical Newsfor KARS

Publicationsfor KARS

Search for KARS

Genome Databases showing KARS

Other Databases showing KARS

Specialized Databases showing KARS

Licensable Technologiesfor KARS

Servicesfor KARS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for KARS

Summaries
for KARS

Genomic Location
for KARS

Proteins
for KARS

Protein Domains/
Families
for KARS

Gene Function
for KARS

Pathways & Interactions
for KARS

Drugs & Compounds
for KARS

Transcripts
for KARS

Expression
for KARS

Orthologs
for KARS

Paralogs
for KARS

SNPs/Variants
for KARS

Disorders & Mutations
for KARS

Medical News
for KARS

Publications
for KARS

Licensable Technologies
for KARS

Services
for KARS