Aliases for ISCA1 Gene
Aliases for ISCA1 Gene
External Ids for ISCA1 Gene
- HGNC: 28660
- Entrez Gene: 81689
- Ensembl: ENSG00000135070
- OMIM: 611006
- UniProtKB: Q9BUE6
Previous HGNC Symbols for ISCA1 Gene
- HBLD2
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for ISCA1 Gene
- GC09M088070
- GC09M088879
- GC09M058702
Summaries for ISCA1 Gene
-
ISCA1 is a mitochondrial protein involved in the biogenesis and assembly of iron-sulfur clusters, which play a role in electron-transfer reactions (Cozar-Castellano et al., 2004 [PubMed 15262227]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
GeneCards Summary for ISCA1 Gene
ISCA1 (Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly 1) is a Protein Coding gene. GO annotations related to this gene include structural molecule activity and iron-sulfur cluster binding.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ISCA1 Gene
-
Involved in the maturation of mitochondrial 4Fe-4S proteins functioning late in the iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway. Probably involved in the binding of an intermediate of Fe/S cluster assembly.
No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for ISCA1 Gene
Genomics for ISCA1 Gene
Regulatory Elements for ISCA1 Gene
Enhancers for ISCA1 Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Enhancer Score | Enhancer Sources | Gene-Enhancer Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH09F086280 | 1.1 | ENCODE | 0.8 | +0.7 | 743 | 2.8 | HDGF PKNOX1 CREB3L1 WRNIP1 ARID4B SIN3A FEZF1 DMAP1 ZNF2 YY1 | C9orf153 RN7SKP264 GAS1 ENSG00000270688 LOC102724080 LOC100287212 ENSG00000232211 ENSG00000229454 LOC494127 GAS1RR |
| GH09F086287 | 0.8 | ENCODE | 0.8 | -4.1 | -4120 | 0.4 | CTCF ATF1 SAP130 ARID4B CEBPG THRB ZNF2 RAD21 ZNF324 GATAD1 | C9orf153 ISCA1 GC09M086340 |
| GH09F086284 | 0.7 | ENCODE | 0.8 | -2.1 | -2103 | 1.3 | LEF1 PKNOX1 MTA2 TBL1XR1 TAL1 REST DPF2 ARID1B NCOR1 SMARCA4 | ZCCHC6 C9orf153 ISCA1 GC09M086340 |
| GH09F086286 | 0.6 | ENCODE | 0.8 | -3.6 | -3562 | 0.1 | ARID1B GATA2 TAL1 MYNN DPF2 TRIM24 TRIM28 | ISCA1 GC09M086340 |
| GH09F086337 | 1 | Ensembl ENCODE | 0.2 | -56.0 | -55971 | 4.0 | PKNOX1 TBL1XR1 INSM2 BMI1 CHD7 ZBTB40 EED CREM MAFK MTA2 | ZCCHC6 C9orf153 GC09M086340 ISCA1 |
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around ISCA1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for ISCA1 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 9
- Start:
- 86,264,546 bp from pter
- End:
- 86,283,102 bp from pter
- Size:
- 18,557 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for ISCA1 Gene
Genes around ISCA1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 9q21.33 by Ensembl
- 9q21.33 by Entrez Gene
- 9q21.33 by HGNC
ISCA1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for ISCA1 Gene
Proteins for ISCA1 Gene
-
Protein details for ISCA1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9BUE6-ISCA1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Iron-sulfur cluster assembly 1 homolog, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- Q9BUE6
- B3KP34
- B4DJI5
- Q8ND75
- Q9BZR2
Protein attributes for ISCA1 Gene
- Size:
- 129 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 14179 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Interacts with CRY2, but not with CRY1 (in vitro).
- SequenceCaution:
-
- Sequence=AAG59854.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=CAD39021.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
Protein Expression for ISCA1 Gene
Post-translational modifications for ISCA1 Gene
Other Protein References for ISCA1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ISCA1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for ISCA1
- antibodies-online Antibodies for ISCA1: See all 19
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for ISCA1
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for ISCA1
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ISCA1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for ISCA1
- antibodies-online Proteins for ISCA1: See all 9
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for ISCA1
-
Abcam proteins for ISCA1
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for ISCA1 Gene
Domains & Families for ISCA1 Gene
Protein Domains for ISCA1 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for ISCA1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9BUE6- Family:
-
- Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.
No data available for Gene Families for ISCA1 Gene
Function for ISCA1 Gene
Molecular function for ISCA1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Involved in the maturation of mitochondrial 4Fe-4S proteins functioning late in the iron-sulfur cluster assembly pathway. Probably involved in the binding of an intermediate of Fe/S cluster assembly.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005198 | structural molecule activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008198 | ferrous iron binding | IBA | -- |
| GO:0046872 | metal ion binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0051536 | iron-sulfur cluster binding | IEA | -- |
| GO:0051537 | 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding | IBA | -- |
Phenotypes for ISCA1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for ISCA1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for ISCA1:
Animal Models for ISCA1 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for ISCA1:
-
- Isca1 tm1b(KOMP)Wtsi
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for ISCA1
-
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for ISCA1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for ISCA1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ISCA1
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ISCA1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for ISCA1
miRNA for ISCA1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target ISCA1
-
- hsa-mir-181c-5p (MIRT047223)
- hsa-mir-4451 (MIRT487940)
- hsa-mir-3132 (MIRT487941)
- hsa-mir-197-5p (MIRT487942)
- hsa-mir-6835-5p (MIRT487943)
- hsa-mir-3175 (MIRT487944)
- hsa-mir-8085 (MIRT487945)
- hsa-mir-6731-5p (MIRT487946)
- hsa-mir-2114-5p (MIRT487947)
- hsa-mir-5007-5p (MIRT487948)
- hsa-mir-624-3p (MIRT487949)
- hsa-mir-3152-5p (MIRT563443)
- hsa-mir-4774-3p (MIRT563444)
- hsa-mir-6894-3p (MIRT563445)
- hsa-mir-6514-3p (MIRT563446)
- hsa-mir-661 (MIRT563447)
- hsa-mir-3116 (MIRT563448)
- hsa-mir-6499-3p (MIRT563449)
- hsa-mir-1254 (MIRT563450)
- hsa-mir-583 (MIRT563451)
- hsa-mir-1276 (MIRT563452)
- hsa-mir-4311 (MIRT563453)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ISCA1
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ISCA1
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ISCA1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for ISCA1
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for ISCA1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for ISCA1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for ISCA1 gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for ISCA1 Gene
Localization for ISCA1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ISCA1 Gene
- Mitochondrion.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005759 | mitochondrial matrix | IBA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for ISCA1 Gene
No Data Available
Interacting Proteins for ISCA1 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000365159
Q9BUE6-ISCA1_HUMAN
for ISCA1 Gene via
STRING
IID
MINT
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006790 | sulfur compound metabolic process | IBA | -- |
| GO:0016226 | iron-sulfur cluster assembly | IEA,IBA | -- |
| GO:0097428 | protein maturation by iron-sulfur cluster transfer | IBA | -- |
No data available for Pathways by source and SIGNOR curated interactions for ISCA1 Gene
Transcripts for ISCA1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for ISCA1 Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (10) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (307) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for ISCA1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ISCA1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for ISCA1
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ISCA1
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ISCA1
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ISCA1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for ISCA1
-
VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | |||||||||||
| SP2: |
Expression for ISCA1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Brain (Nervous System)
This gene is overexpressed in Ovary (11.0) and Adrenal (7.0).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for ISCA1 Gene
- Elite partner
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of ISCA1 Gene:
ISCA1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for ISCA1 Gene:
Hs.449291mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for ISCA1 Gene:
Q9BUE6-ISCA1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Detected in cerebellum, kidney and heart.
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ISCA1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ISCA1
No data available for mRNA differential expression in normal tissues for ISCA1 Gene
Orthologs for ISCA1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | ISCA1 34 35 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | AK157302 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| Isca1 34 16 35 |
|
||||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | ISCA1 34 35 |
|
||
| -- 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | ISCA1 34 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | ISCA1 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Isca1 34 |
|
||
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | ISCA1 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | ISCA1 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | ISCA1 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | isca1 34 |
|
||
| African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.9646 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | isca1 34 35 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP002730 34 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | l(1)G0136 34 35 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | CELE_Y39B6A.3 34 |
|
||
| Y39B6A.3 35 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis) |
Saccharomycetes | KLLA0F18150g 34 |
|
||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | ISA1 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) |
eudicotyledons | AT2G16710 34 |
|
||
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os01g0105800 34 |
|
||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.5203 35 |
|
OneToOne |
- Species where no ortholog for ISCA1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for ISCA1 Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for ISCA1 Gene using alignment to 4 proteins:
Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for ISCA1 Gene
No data available for Paralogs for ISCA1 Gene
Variants for ISCA1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 09 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs10121963 | -- | 86,280,596(+) | TCTCA(A/G)AAAAA | intron-variant | |
| rs10512174 | -- | 86,271,659(+) | CACAA(C/T)GATGA | intron-variant | |
| rs1059144 | -- | 86,264,610(-) | TGCAA(C/T)ACTGT | utr-variant-3-prime | |
| rs10604931 | -- | 86,283,614(+) | TTTCT(-/GAAAG)GATAG | upstream-variant-2KB | |
| rs10746773 | -- | 86,276,778(+) | ACGCA(C/T)GAGAA | intron-variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| nsv1041191 | CNV | gain | 25217958 |
| nsv972770 | CNV | duplication | 23825009 |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
54.2% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
2.21;
39.94% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for ISCA1 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- ISCA1
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for ISCA1 Gene
Disorders for ISCA1 Gene
Relevant External Links for ISCA1
No disorders were found for ISCA1 Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for ISCA1 Gene
Publications for ISCA1 Gene
- hIscA: a protein implicated in the biogenesis of iron-sulfur clusters. (PMID: 15262227) Cozar-Castellano I. … Avila J. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2004) 2 3 4 22 64
- The human mitochondrial ISCA1, ISCA2, and IBA57 proteins are required for [4Fe-4S] protein maturation. (PMID: 22323289) Sheftel A.D. … Lill R. (Mol. Biol. Cell 2012) 2 3 4 64
- Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression. (PMID: 20877624) Hendrickson S.L. … O'Brien S.J. (PLoS ONE 2010) 3 46 64
- Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PMID: 14702039) Ota T. … Sugano S. (Nat. Genet. 2004) 3 4 64
- DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. (PMID: 15164053) Humphray S.J. … Dunham I. (Nature 2004) 3 4 64
Products for ISCA1 Gene
- Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
- Browse R&D Systems for Human Recombinant Proteins
- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
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- Custom Antibody Services
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- Custom Assay Services
- OriGene Purified Proteins for ISCA1
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for ISCA1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for ISCA1
- Origene mouse_rna, siRNA, shRNA, rat_shrna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for ISCA1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For ISCA1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for ISCA1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for ISCA1
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for ISCA1
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Browse OriGene miRNA Products For ISCA1
- GenScript: Next-day shipping cDNA clones in your preferred vector
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for ISCA1
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for ISCA1
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for ISCA1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for ISCA1
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
- Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
- Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
- Plasmid Preparation
- GenScript Custom Peptide Services for ISCA1
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for ISCA1
- Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
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- Sino Biological Antibodies
- Sino Biological ELISA Kits and Pair Sets
- Sino Biological Cell Lysates
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- Sino Biological Transfection Reagents
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for ISCA1
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for ISCA1
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- antibodies-online Antibodies for ISCA1: See all 19
- Search antibodies-online for kits
- antibodies-online Proteins for ISCA1: See all 9
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for ISCA1
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for ISCA1
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for ISCA1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for ISCA1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for ISCA1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for ISCA1
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for ISCA1
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for ISCA1
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for ISCA1
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for ISCA1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
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