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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

IK Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 55
GCID: GC05P140028

IK cytokine, down-regulator of HLA II

 Explore 16 diseases affiliated with
IK via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for IK
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
IK Cytokine, Down-Regulator Of HLA II1 2     Prer Protein2
RED2 3 5     Protein Red2
Cytokine IK2 3     RD Element2
IK Factor2 3     RER3
CSA22     Protein RER3
Chondrosarcoma-Associated Protein 22     

External Ids:    HGNC: 59581   Entrez Gene: 35502   Ensembl: ENSG000001131417   OMIM: 6005495   UniProtKB: Q131233   
ORGUL members:         

Export aliases for IK gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05P139843 GC05P140610 GC05P140009 GC05P140055 GC05P139992 GC05P139993 GC05P140007 GC05P135173


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for IK:
The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its RED repeat, a stretch of repeated arginine, glutamic acid and
aspartic acid residues. The protein localizes to discrete dots within the nucleus, excluding the nucleolus. Its
function is unknown. This gene maps to chromosome 5; however, a pseudogene may exist on chromosome 2. (provided by
RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RED_HUMAN, Q13123
Function: May bind to chromatin

Gene Wiki entry for IK


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.9  NC_018916.1  NT_029289.11  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the IK gene promoter:
         CREB   deltaCREB   c-Jun   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidIK promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for IK

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat IK


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q31.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  5q31.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q31.3

IK Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
IK gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05P140028:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
140,026,643 bp from pter      End:
140,042,065 bp from pter
Size:
15,423 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RED_HUMAN, Q13123 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Protein Red  
Size: 557 amino acids; 65602 Da
Subcellular location: Nucleus
Developmental stage: Expressed at similar levels in fetal and adult tissues
Caution: Was originally (PubMed:7970704) thought to be the IK factor, a cytokine involved in the negative regulatory
pathway of constitutive MHC class II antigens expression
Secondary accessions: Q6IPD8

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for IK: NX_Q13123

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q13123

  • IK Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_006074.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000425564   ENSP00000396301   ENSP00000421930   ENSP00000424622   ENSP00000422641  
     ENSP00000426764  

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    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for IK

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005615extracellular space TAS7970704
    GO:0005625soluble fraction ----
    GO:0005634nucleus IEA--


    IK for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    IK for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR012916 RED_N
     IPR012492 RED_C

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q13123

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q13123

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB012492 RED-like

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RED_HUMAN, Q13123
    Similarity: Belongs to the RED family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RED_HUMAN, Q13123
    Function: May bind to chromatin

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for IK:
    cytokine IK (19kDa) downregulating HLA class II expression on the cell surface

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    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate IK:
    hsa-miR-590-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidIK 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for IK (see all 6)
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for IK

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI--


    IK for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    8 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for IK:
     Cell cycle / mitosis defect  Cell division defect  Decreased cell number, increas  Decreased influenza A/WSN/33 r 
     Decreased viability after Chla  Increased gamma-H2AX phosphory  Increased number of cells in m  Increased number of mitotic ce 


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for IK

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 24)

    5/586 Interacting proteins for IK (Q131231, 2, 3 ENSP000003963014) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 586)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CHD3Q128732, 3MINT-7945693 MINT-64118 I2D: score=5 
    KAT5Q929932, 3MINT-64117 I2D: score=6 
    PFN2P350802, 3MINT-64116 I2D: score=5 
    LMNAP025452, 3MINT-7945693 I2D: score=1 
    RBM10P981752, ENSP000003668294MINT-7945693 MINT-8332240 MINT-8334934 STRING: ENSP00000366829
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006955immune response TAS7970704
    GO:0007267cell-cell signaling TAS7970704


    IK for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for IK
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about IK / RED 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for IK gene: 
    NM_006083.3  

    Unigene Cluster for IK:

    IK cytokine, down-regulator of HLA II
    Hs.421245  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AK225924
    11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000513256 ENST00000417647(uc011czk.1 uc003lgq.3 uc021yen.1)
    ENST00000503332 ENST00000507593 ENST00000508301 ENST00000523672 ENST00000502899
    ENST00000512827 ENST00000515015 ENST00000515592 ENST00000518969

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat IK
    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate IK:
    hsa-miR-590-3p
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmidIK 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF182645.1 AJ005579.1 AK225924.1 AK293626.1 AK308730.1 AK312363.1 AL050296.1 AY007094.1 
    BC013005.2 BC051295.1 BC071964.1 S74221.1 

    24/32 DOTS entries (see all 32):

    DT.418420  DT.40248441  DT.92459896  DT.100845637  DT.100845634  DT.95170073  DT.121031617  DT.100059633 
    DT.95170088  DT.120833500  DT.120833425  DT.120833416  DT.120833479  DT.95170072  DT.100043123  DT.100845635 
    DT.120833460  DT.120833503  DT.121031572  DT.319462  DT.100839133  DT.100845629  DT.100059632  DT.120833409 

    24/295 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 295):

    BM667779 BM806610 AA235321 BQ102505 CK299491 CA434844 BQ019101 CA442072 
    BU741196 BM726920 AA953244 AA436395 AW238950 BC071964 AI831143 CA434842 
    AA531032 BG940194 BU677068 BX102908 BQ000956 BM989324 BU680989 BU615396 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    IK expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GCTGTGGATA

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See IK Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for IK

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.421245

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RED_HUMAN, Q13123
    Tissue specificity: Ubiquitous

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including IK: 
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for IK gene from 9/29 species (see all 29)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Mammalia Ik1 , 5 IK cytokine1, 5 90.84(n)1
    98.38(a)1
      18 (19.46 cM)5
    240101  NM_011879.21  NP_036009.11 
     367446565 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves IK1 IK cytokine, down-regulator of HLA II 84.39(n)
    95.66(a)
      416133  NM_001006145.1  NP_001006145.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia IK6
    --
    51(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    4(77782860-77808608)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)
    Amphibia Xl.244512 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more 78.91(n)    CA788138.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii wufb54c032 wufb54c03 78.09(n)   322241  BC049322.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)
    Insecta CG180051 , 3 CG180051 64(a)3
    57.29(n)1
    58.04(a)1
      85C43
    410911  NM_141608.21  NP_649865.11 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)
    Secernentea smu-21 Protein SMU-2 48.1(n)
    41.32(a)
      173693  NM_062158.3  NP_494559.1 
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)
    eudicotyledons SMU26
    cytokine
    29(a)
    1 ↔ 1
    2(11254932-11258973)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)
    Liliopsida AK072412.12   -- 74.37(n)    AK072412.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for IK (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for IK (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for IK gene
    18/51 SIMAP similar genes for IK using alignment to 7 protein entries:     RED_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):
    DKFZp564B112    CSA2    CALCOCO2    CSPP1    SLC24A1    C14orf105
    CCL28    ANKRD55    TAF2    ARL6IP5    C11orf80    EIF3G
    EIF3K    TMX3    SMYD4    ZNF559    FRG1    KIAA0101

    IK for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for IK
    PGOHUM00000240052


    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/306 NCBI SNPs in IK are shown (see all 306    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 5 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs2018573151,2
    C--135171135(-) GGGTAC/TCCAGC 3 -- int10--------
    rs68733701,2
    C,F,H,--135171311(+) ACTCTG/CAGAAC 3 -- int17Minor allele frequency- C:0.06NS EA WA NA 636
    rs131594801,2
    C--135171469(+) AATTTC/GATTTT 3 -- int10--------
    rs732715381,2
    C,--135172962(+) TCCTAG/CTCCAA 3 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- C:0.50WA 2
    rs732715401,2
    C,--135173174(+) TACATT/CGTGTT 3 -- us2k13Minor allele frequency- C:0.09WA NA 240
    rs65798591,2
    C,A,--135173756(+) tcccgG/Agttca 3 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.25NA WA 4
    rs732715411,2
    C,F,--135173877(+) GCTGGA/TCTTGA 3 -- us2k14Minor allele frequency- T:0.43WA CSA 7
    rs601068251,2
    C,--135174227(+) AGAGAG/CAGGGT 3 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- C:0.50WA 2
    rs7785911,2
    C,F,O,A,H,--140025484(+) TGGCCG/ACAATG 6 -- int1 us2k126Minor allele frequency- A:0.43MN NS EA NA WA CSA 2672
    rs1920533001,2
    --140025542(+) ACTACA/GGTGAG 5 -- int1 us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for IK (140026643 - 140042065 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for IK: --

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing IK
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for IK

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    IK for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 600549    OMIM disorders: --

    16 diseases for IK:    About MalaCards
    chondrosarcoma    papillary thyroid carcinoma    hypertensive encephalopathy    fanconi's anemia
    folliculitis    cutaneous t cell lymphoma    thyroid carcinoma    hepatitis b
    anemia    thyroiditis    cardiomyopathy    hepatitis
    pneumonia    hypertension    carcinoma    malaria

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for IK:
    Central sleep apnea
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: IK (115 documents)

    Export disorders for IK gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for IK gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 38):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with IK)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. A new cytokine (IK) down-regulating HLA class II: monoclonal antibodies, cloning and chromosome localization. (PubMed id 7970704)1, 2, 3, 9 Krief P.... Azzarone B. (1994)
    2. Isolation, sequencing and expression of RED, a novel human gene encoding an acidic-basic dipeptide repeat. (PubMed id 10216252)1, 2 Assier E.... Rich T. (1999)
    3. Implication of a new molecule IK in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. (PubMed id 9160666)1, 9 Cao L.X....Krief P. (1997)
    4. A census of human soluble protein complexes. (PubMed id 22939629)1 Havugimana P.C....Emili A. (2012)
    5. Methods for quantification of in vivo changes in prote in ubiquitination following proteasome and deubiquitinase inhibition. (PubMed id 22505724)1 Udeshi N.D....Carr S.A. (2012)
    6. RED, a spindle pole-associated protein, is required fo r kinetochore localization of MAD1, mitotic progression, and activation of the s pindle assembly checkpoint. (PubMed id 22351768)1 Yeh P.C....Juang Y.L. (2012)
    7. The proteomic analysis of endogenous FAT10 substrates identifies p62/SQSTM1 as a substrate of FAT10ylation. (PubMed id 22797925)1 Aichem A....Groettrup M. (2012)
    8. Global landscape of HIV-human protein complexes. (PubMed id 22190034)1 Jager S....Krogan N.J. (2012)
    9. Functional proteomics establishes the interaction of S IRT7 with chromatin remodeling complexes and expands its role in regulation of R NA polymerase I transcription. (PubMed id 22586326)1 Tsai Y.C....Cristea I.M. (2012)
    10. Initial characterization of the human central proteome. (PubMed id 21269460)2 Burkard T.R.... Colinge J. (2011)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 3550 HGNC: 5958 AceView: IK.1 Ensembl:ENSG00000113141 euGenes: HUgn3550
    ECgene: IK H-InvDB: IK

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for IK Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
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    Patent Information for IK gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving IK

    GeneCards and IP:
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