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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

IFNA4 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC09M021186

interferon, alpha 4

 Explore 14 diseases affiliated with
IFNA4 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for IFNA4
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Interferon, Alpha 41 2     IFN-Alpha-41
IFN-Alpha4a1     MGC1422001
Interferon Alpha-4B2 3     INFA42
Interferon Alpha-762 3     Interferon Alpha-42
Interferon Alpha-M12 3     

External Ids:    HGNC: 54251   Entrez Gene: 34412   Ensembl: ENSG000002366377   OMIM: 1475645   UniProtKB: P050143   

Export aliases for IFNA4 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC09M021514 GC09M021387 GC09M021176 GC09M021149


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: IFNA4_HUMAN, P05014
Function: Produced by macrophages, IFN-alpha have antiviral activities. Interferon stimulates the production of two
enzymes: a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase

Gene Wiki entry for IFNA4


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000009.11  NC_018920.1  NT_008413.18  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the IFNA4 gene promoter:
         GR   Egr-2   Olf-1   IRF-7A   GR-alpha   Egr-4   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidIFNA4 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for IFNA4

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat IFNA4


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 9p22   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  9p21.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 9p22

IFNA4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
IFNA4 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 9         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC09M021186:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
21,186,617 bp from pter      End:
21,187,598 bp from pter
Size:
982 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: IFNA4_HUMAN, P05014 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Interferon alpha-4 precursor  
Size: 189 amino acids; 21808 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: P13358 Q14CS4 Q5VV15

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for IFNA4: NX_P05014

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P05014

  • IFNA4 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_066546.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000412897  
    Reactome Protein details: P05014
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals IFNA4 Lysates
    Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for IFNA4
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Browse Proteins at Uscn

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576extracellular region TAS--
    GO:0005615extracellular space IEA--


    IFNA4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    IFNA4 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR012351 4_helix_cytokine_core
     IPR015589 Interferon_alpha
     IPR000471 Interferon_alpha/beta/delta
     IPR009079 4_helix_cytokine-like_core

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P05014

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P05014

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB000471 Interferon alpha

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: IFNA4_HUMAN, P05014
    Similarity: Belongs to the alpha/beta interferon family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: IFNA4_HUMAN, P05014
    Function: Produced by macrophages, IFN-alpha have antiviral activities. Interferon stimulates the production of two
    enzymes: a protein kinase and an oligoadenylate synthetase

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for IFNA4:
    interferon type I,alpha 4,leukocyte

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    Inhib. RNA
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005125cytokine activity IEA--
    GO:0005132interferon-alpha/beta receptor binding TAS3891272


    IFNA4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/20 super-pathways (see all 20About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Regulation of IFNA signaling
    Regulation of IFNA signaling1.00
    TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation0.33
    Immune response_IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway0.71
    Cytokine Network0.28
    Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway0.71
    Regulation of autophagy0.26
    Expression of Interferon-alpha and beta0.52
    2Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
    Toll-like receptor signaling pathway1.00
    Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways0.51
    Toll-like receptor signaling pathway0.97
    3Immune response_TLR3 and TLR4 induce TICAM1-specific signaling pathway
    Immune response_TLR3 and TLR4 induce TICAM1-specific signaling pathway1.00
    Immune response Role of TLRs 3 and 4 in cell antiviral response: TICAM1-specific signaling pathways0.91
    4Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
    Cytokine Signaling in Immune system1.00
    Interferon Signaling0.61
    5Immune System
    Immune System1.00
    Innate Immune System0.46

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    2 EMD Millipore Pathways for IFNA4
        Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway
    Immune response Role of TLRs 3 and 4 in cell antiviral response- TICAM1-specific signaling pathways

    1 R&D Systems Pathway for IFNA4
        Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways

    4 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for IFNA4
        Cytokine Network
    Interferon Pathway
    JAK-STAT Pathway
    all-trans-Retinoic Acid Mediated Apoptosis

    2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for IFNA4
        Immune response TLR3 and TLR4 induce TICAM1-specific signaling pathway
    Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway

    1 BioSystems Pathway for IFNA4 
        Toll-like receptor signaling pathway

    5/11        Reactome Pathways for IFNA4 (see all 11)
        Hemostasis
    Regulation of IFNA signaling
    Interferon alpha/beta signaling
    Cytokine Signaling in Immune system
    RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways


    5/12         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for IFNA4) (see all 12):
        Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
    Regulation of autophagy
    Toll-like receptor signaling pathway
    RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway
    Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway


    IFNA4 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for IFNA4

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 4 interactants - click image to see more details)

    4 Interacting proteins for IFNA4 (ENSP000004128974) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    IFNAR1ENSP000002701394STRING: ENSP00000270139
    IFNAR2ENSP000003439574STRING: ENSP00000343957
    IFNGR1ENSP000003567134STRING: ENSP00000356713
    IFNGR2ENSP000002902194STRING: ENSP00000290219
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007596blood coagulation TAS--
    GO:0009615response to virus TAS3891272
    GO:0019221cytokine-mediated signaling pathway TAS--
    GO:0045087innate immune response TAS--
    GO:0051607defense response to virus IEA--


    IFNA4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for IFNA4
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about IFNA4 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for IFNA4 gene: 
    NM_021068.2  

    Unigene Cluster for IFNA4:

    Interferon, alpha 4
    Hs.1510
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_021068
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000421715(uc003zon.2)

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    Clone
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      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat IFNA4

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    BC074965.2 BC074966.2 BC113640.1 BC113642.1 M27318.1 

    1 DOTS entry:

    DT.121148358 

    11 AceView cDNA sequences:

    BV199634 BV199637 BC074966 BC074965 BV199635 BV199636 BV199629 M27318 
    NM_021068 BV199642 BV199639 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    IFNA4 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See IFNA4 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for IFNA4

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.1510
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including IFNA4: 
              Interferons & Receptors in human mouse rat
              Type I Interferon Response in human mouse rat
              Common Cytokines in human mouse rat
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for IFNA4

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for IFNA4 gene from 3/7 species (see all 7)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves --
    --
    33(a)
    1 → many
    Un(24396419-24396970)
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia --
    --
    (see all 6)
    --
    25(a)
    24(a)
    (see all 6)
    many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 6)
    2(61647787-61648344)
    2(61628582-61629115)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii ifnphi36
    ifnphi26
    interferon phi 2
    23(a)
    22(a)
    many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    3(22558521-22560658)
    3(22565711-22572180)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for IFNA4 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for IFNA4 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for IFNA4 gene
    IFNA72  IFNA22  IFNE2  IFNA142  IFNK2  IFNA52  IFNA12  IFNA212  
    IFNA172  IFNA62  IFNB12  IFNA132  IFNW12  IFNA162  IFNA102  IFNA82  
    18 SIMAP similar genes for IFNA4 using alignment to 1 protein entry:     IFNA4_HUMAN:
    IFNA17    IFNA10    IFNA21    IFNA5    IFNA7    IFNA14
    IFNA16    IFNA    IFN-2    IFNA2    IFNA2B    IFNA6
    IFNA1    IFNA13    IFNA8    IFNW1    IFNB1    IFNE

    IFNA4 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: IFNA4_HUMAN, P05014
    Polymorphism: Two forms exist; alpha-4a (shown here) and alpha-4b. They seem to be equally abundant


    10/113 NCBI SNPs in IFNA4 are shown (see all 113    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 9 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1435003941,2
    --21186117(+) CATGAC/GAGCCT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1130383681,2
    C,--21186168(+) TATTGG/TATTCC 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- T:0.50CSA 2
    rs1853847221,2
    --21186208(+) TGCAAC/G/TGTACA 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1395658921,2
    --21186212(+) ATGTAC/TATTTT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs122360481,2
    F,A,--21186254(+) TATCTG/CTGCTT 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- C:0.16WA NA 238
    rs1893154801,2
    --21186325(+) CCTCAC/TATTAT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs579431571,2
    C,--21186423(+) GACTGT/AATATT 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 2
    rs562912831,2
    C,--21186424(+) ACTGTG/ATATTT 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 2
    rs1890223391,2
    --21186520(+) GTAACA/TTAATT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1811506951,2
    --21186547(+) AGTCAA/GGTTGT 1 -- ds50010--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for IFNA4 (21186617 - 21187598 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for IFNA4
         1 CNV: 2805

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing IFNA4
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for IFNA4

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    IFNA4 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 147564    OMIM disorders: --

    14 diseases for IFNA4:    About MalaCards
    dengue hemorrhagic fever    hemorrhagic fever    herpes simplex    autoimmune thyroiditis
    multiple sclerosis    hepatitis c    rabies    hepatitis b
    measles    hepatitis    influenza    thyroiditis
    tuberculosis    melanoma

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: IFNA4 (2 documents)

    Export disorders for IFNA4 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for IFNA4 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 66):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with IFNA4)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. (PubMed id 15164053)1, 2 Humphray S.J.... Dunham I. (2004)
    2. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    3. Identification of nine interferon-alpha subtypes produced by Sendai virus-induced human peripheral blood leucocytes. (PubMed id 9425112)1, 2 Nyman T.A.... Kalkkinen N. (1998)
    4. Both variant forms of interferon-alpha4 gene (IFNA4a and IFNA4b) are present in the human population. (PubMed id 9335434)1, 2 Hussain M.... Liao M.-J. (1997)
    5. Mapping of the shortest region of overlap of deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9 associated with human neoplasia. (PubMed id 1385305)1, 3 Olopade O.I....Diaz M.O. (1992)
    6. Structural relationship of human interferon alpha genes and pseudogenes. (PubMed id 4057246)1, 2 Henco K.... Weissmann C. (1985)
    7. Nucleotide sequence and expression in E. coli of a human interferon- alpha gene selected from a genomic library using synthetic oligonucleotides. (PubMed id 6089830)1, 2 Linnane A.W.... Woodrow G.C. (1984)
    8. Inhibitory effects of human immunodeficiency virus gp1 20 and Tat on CpG-A-induced inflammatory cytokines in plasmacytoid dendritic cel ls. (PubMed id 22814248)1 Fang M....Yao H. (2012)
    9. HIV-1 Gag-virus-like particles inhibit HIV-1 replicati on in dendritic cells and T cells through IFN-a-dependent upregulation of APOBEC 3G and 3F. (PubMed id 22739040)1 Chang M.O....Takaku H. (2012)
    10. Role of retroviral restriction factors in the interfer on-a-mediated suppression of HIV-1 in vivo. (PubMed id 22315404)1 Pillai S.K....Wong J.K. (2012)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 3441 HGNC: 5425 AceView: IFNA4 Ensembl:ENSG00000236637 euGenes: HUgn3441
    ECgene: IFNA4 Kegg: 3441 H-InvDB: IFNA4

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for IFNA4 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for IFNA4 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving IFNA4

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
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