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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

HRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 76
GCID: GC11M000522

v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

(Previous symbol: HRAS1)

Explore 159 diseases affiliated with
HRAS via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
V-Ha-Ras Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog¹ ²		N-RAS²
HRAS1¹ ² ³		RASH1²
Transforming Protein P21² ³		C-Has/Bas P21 Protein²
H-Ras-1² ³		C-Ras-Ki-2 Activated Oncogene²
P21ras¹		GTP- And GDP-Binding Peptide B²
C-BAS/HAS²		GTPase HRas²
C-H-RAS²		Ha-Ras1 Proto-Oncoprotein²
C-HA-RAS1²		P19 H-RasIDX Protein²
CTLO²		Ras Family Small GTP Binding Protein H-Ras²
H-RASIDX²		Transformation Gene: Oncogene HAMSV²
HAMSV²		Ha-Ras³
K-RAS²		C-H-Ras¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 5173¹	Entrez Gene: 3265²	Ensembl: ENSG00000174775⁷	OMIM: 190020⁵	UniProtKB: P01112³

Export aliases for HRAS gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11P001100 GC11P001123 GC11P000664 GC11M000346

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for HRAS:

This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma

retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal transduction pathways. These proteins can bind

GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and

re-palmitoylation, which regulates its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations

in this gene cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth

deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, mental retardation, skin and musculoskeletal

abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities. Defects in this gene are implicated in

a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple

transcript variants, which encode different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Jul

2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Function: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity

Gene Wiki entry for HRAS

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.9 NC_018922.1 NT_009237.18

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the HRAS gene promoter:
NF-1 NF-1/L STAT3
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: HRAS promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for HRAS

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat HRAS

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.5 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11p15.5 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.5

HRAS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
HRAS gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M000522: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	532,242 bp from pter	End:	537,287 bp from pter
Size:	5,046 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: GTPase HRas precursor

Size: 189 amino acids; 21298 Da

Subunit: In its GTP-bound form interacts with PLCE1. Interacts with TBC1D10C. Interacts with RGL3. Interacts with

HSPD1. Found in a complex with at least BRAF, HRAS1, MAP2K1, MAPK3 and RGS14. Interacts (active GTP-bound form) with

RGS14 (via RBD 1 domain) (By similarity). Forms a signaling complex with RASGRP1 and DGKZ. Interacts with RASSF5.

Interacts with PDE6D. Interacts with IKZF3. Interacts with GNB2L1. Interacts with PIK3CG; the interaction is required

for membrane recruitment and beta-gamma G protein dimer-dependent activation of the PI3K gamma complex PIK3CG:PIK3R6

(By similarity)

Subcellular location: Cell membrane. Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Golgi apparatus. Golgi apparatus

membrane; Lipid-anchor. Note=The active GTP-bound form is localized most strongly to membranes than the inactive

GDP-bound form (By similarity). Shuttles between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus

Subcellular location: Isoform 2: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Note=Colocalizes with GNB2L1 to the

perinuclear region

Mass spectrometry: Mass=6223; Mass_error=2; Method=Electrospray; Range=112-166; Source=PubMed:9020151;

Mass spectrometry: Mass=6253; Mass_error=2; Method=Electrospray; Range=112-166; Note=Includes one nitric oxide

molecule; Source=PubMed:9020151;

6/113 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for HRAS (see all 113):

121P (3D)

1AA9 (3D)

1AGP (3D)

1BKD (3D)

1CLU (3D)

1CRP (3D)

Secondary accessions: B5BUA0 Q14080 Q6FHV9 Q9BR65 Q9UCE2

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P01112-1 P01112-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for HRAS: NX_P01112

Post-translational modifications:

Palmitoylated by the ZDHHC9-GOLGA7 complex. A continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation regulates rapid exchange

between plasma membrane and Golgi¹

S-nitrosylated; critical for redox regulation. Important for stimulating guanine nucleotide exchange. No structural

perturbation on nitrosylation¹

The covalent modification of cysteine by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin-J2 is autocatalytic and reversible. It may

occur as an alternative to other cysteine modifications, such as S-nitrosylation and S-palmitoylation¹

Acetylation at Lys-104 prevents interaction with guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) (By similarity)¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P01112

HRAS Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001123914.1 NP_005334.1 NP_789765.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000380722 ENSP00000380723 ENSP00000434023 ENSP00000309845 ENSP00000407586

ENSP00000388246

Reactome Protein details: P01112
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for HRAS
	OriGene Purified Proteins (see all 2): HRAS OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 4): HRAS OriGene Custom Protein Services for HRAS
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for HRAS
	Novus Biologicals HRAS Proteins Novus Biologicals HRAS Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for HRAS
	Uscn Proteins for HRAS

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000139	Golgi membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005624	membrane fraction	--	--
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	--	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	10842192

HRAS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

HRAS Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of HRAS
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 10): HRAS OriGene Custom Antibody Services for HRAS
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for HRAS
	Novus Biologicals HRAS Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for HRAS
	Uscn Antibodies for HRAS
	ThermoFisher Antibody for HRAS

Assay Products for HRAS:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for HRAS
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for HRAS

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

HRAS for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR005225 Small_GTP-bd_dom

IPR001806 Small_GTPase

IPR020849 Small_GTPase_Ras

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01112

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01112

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001806 Transforming protein P21 RAS signature

IPB003577 Ras small GTPase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Similarity: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Function: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity

Enzyme regulation: Alternate between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP. Activated by a

guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase-activating protein (GAP)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for HRAS:

Harvey rat sarcoma viral (v-Ha-ras1) oncogene homolog

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target HRAS: hsa-mir-181a (MIRT005880), hsa-let-7a (MIRT004471), hsa-mir-143 (MIRT005644)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): HRAS Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HRAS
		4 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate HRAS:
		hsa-miR-4318 hsa-miR-32* hsa-miR-892a hsa-miR-3667-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HRAS 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for HRAS (see all 3) OriGene siRNA: HRAS
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat HRAS

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for HRAS

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for HRAS (see all 7) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for HRAS (see all 4) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): HRAS (NM_005343)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for HRAS
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat HRAS

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for HRAS
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for HRAS

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HRAS

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003924	GTPase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IDA	17260967
GO:0008022	protein C-terminus binding	IPI	9219684

HRAS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for HRAS:

Decreased focal adhesion (FA)

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for HRAS: Hras1^tm1Mok Hras1^tm1Esn Hras1^tm1Grnt
15 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 7 alleles) (MGI details for Hras1):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	craniofacial	endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size
homeostasis/metabolism	integument	mortality/aging	nervous system	no phenotypic analysis
normal	renal/urinary system	respiratory system	skeleton	tumorigenesis

HRAS for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/154 super-pathways (see all 154) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Development_CNTF receptor signaling

8/21 pathways (see all 21)
Development_CNTF receptor signaling	1.00	Development Growth hormone signaling via PI3K/AKT and MAPK cascades	0.34
Development CNTF receptor signaling	1.00	Translation _Regulation of EIF4F activity	0.32
Transcription Receptor-mediated HIF regulation	0.43	Translation Regulation activity of EIF4F	0.32
Transcription_Receptor-mediated HIF regulation	0.43	Immune response_IL-6 signaling pathway	0.30

Development HGF signaling pathway

8/15 pathways (see all 15)
Development HGF signaling pathway	1.00	Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor	0.35
Development_HGF signaling pathway	0.78	Apoptosis and survival_NGF signaling pathway	0.25
Development_Neurotrophin family signaling	0.45	Apoptosis and survival NGF signaling pathway	0.25
Development Neurotrophin family signaling	0.45	Apoptosis and survival_Role of CDK5 in neuronal death and survival	0.24

SHC-mediated signalling

8/14 pathways (see all 14)
SHC-mediated signalling	1.00	MEK activation	0.47
SHC-related events	0.88	RAF phosphorylates MEK	0.47
SHC-related events triggered by IGF1R	0.83	RAF activation	0.33
SHC1 events in EGFR signaling	0.76	EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin	0.26

Signaling by FGFR

8/12 pathways (see all 12)
Signaling by FGFR	1.00	DAP12 signaling	0.83
Downstream signaling of activated FGFR	0.92	Signaling by EGFR in Cancer	0.83
Signaling by FGFR in disease	0.91	DAP12 interactions	0.76
Signaling by ERBB2	0.89	Signaling by PDGF	0.72

ErbB4 Pathway

8/12 pathways (see all 12)
ErbB4 Pathway	1.00	Thrombopoietin Pathway	0.43
ErbB Family Pathway	0.59	LPS Stimulated MAPK Signaling	0.36
Prolactin Signaling	0.54	VEGF Signaling Pathway	0.35
ErbB2-ErbB3 Heterodimers	0.47	TREM1 Pathway	0.32

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/84 EMD Millipore Pathways for HRAS (see all 84)

	Chemotaxis CXCR4 signaling pathway
	Translation Translation regulation by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
	Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
	Immune response CD16 signaling in NK cells
	Cytoskeleton remodeling RalB regulation pathway

5/114 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for HRAS (see all 114)

	Fc-GammaR Pathway
	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
	eIF2 Pathway
	Intracellular Calcium Signaling
	CDK5 Pathway

5 Tocris Bioscience Pathways for HRAS

	Insulin Pathway
	Apoptosis Pathway
	TGF-beta Pathway
	NF-kappaB Pathway
	VEGF Pathway

5/85 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for HRAS (see all 85)

	G-protein signaling Regulation of RAC1 activity
	G-protein signaling H-RAS regulation pathway
	Development A2A receptor signaling
	Development CNTF receptor signaling
	Development EGFR signaling pathway

5/40 BioSystems Pathways for HRAS (see all 40)

	p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway
	Integrin-mediated cell adhesion
	G Protein Signaling Pathways
	Oncostatin M Signaling Pathway
	EGFR1 Signaling Pathway

5/74 Reactome Pathways for HRAS (see all 74)

	SHC-related events
	EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin
	p38MAPK events
	SHC-mediated signalling
	IRS-mediated signalling

5 PharmGKB Pathways for HRAS

	Bisphosphonate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
	EGFR Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
	Sorafenib Pharmacodynamics
	VEGF Signaling Pathway
	Vemurafenib Pathway, Pharmacodynamics

5/33 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for HRAS) (see all 33):

	MAPK signaling pathway
	ErbB signaling pathway
	Chemokine signaling pathway
	Endocytosis
	Axon guidance

HRAS for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for HRAS

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/358 Interacting proteins for HRAS (P01112^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000309845⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 358)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
RAF1	P04049¹^,²^,³, ENSP00000251849⁴	EBI-350145,EBI-365996 MINT-6540149 MINT-60984 MINT-7295101 MINT-6802882 MINT-18357 MINT-17120 MINT-6946517 MINT-6540170 MINT-17119 I2D: score=10 STRING: ENSP00000251849
RIN1	Q13671¹^,²^,³, ENSP00000310406⁴	EBI-350145,EBI-366017 MINT-59464 I2D: score=6 STRING: ENSP00000310406
ABL2	P42684²^,³, ENSP00000356595⁴	MINT-59461 MINT-59462 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000356595
PIK3CD	O00329¹^,³, ENSP00000366563⁴	EBI-350145,EBI-718309 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000366563
RASSF5	Q8WWW0²^,³, ENSP00000347443⁴	MINT-6948699 I2D: score=5 STRING: ENSP00000347443

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/54 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 54): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000165	MAPK cascade	TAS	--
GO:0000186	activation of MAPKK activity	TAS	--
GO:0001934	positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA	--
GO:0006897	endocytosis	IEA	--
GO:0006915	apoptotic process	--	--

HRAS for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

HRAS for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for HRAS

3 HMDB Compounds for HRAS About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Guanosine diphosphate	5'-GDP (see all 10)	146-91-8	--
Guanosine monophosphate	5'-GMP (see all 14)	85-32-5	--
Guanosine triphosphate	5'-GTP (see all 10)	86-01-1	--

5 DrugBank Compounds for HRAS About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Guanosine-5'-Diphosphate	--	146-91-8	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Guanosine-5'-Triphosphate	--	86-01-1	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Hexane-1,6-Diol	--	629-11-8	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
Trifluoroethanol	--	--	target	--	17139284 17016423 10592235
N,N'-DIMETHYL-N-(ACETYL)-N'-(7-NITROBENZ-2-OXA-1,3-DIAZOL-4-YL)ETHYLENEDIAMINE	--	--	target	--	10592235

10/90 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for HRAS gene (see all 90) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gtp	72.5	118	8740369 (5), 9345266 (4), 8626511 (4), 1508192 (4) (see all 53)
dihydroperillic acid	66.3	1	10955786 (1)
tyrosine	65.7	142	1371879 (5), 7568118 (4), 8407889 (4), 1508192 (4) (see all 81)
phosphatidylinositol	60.9	33	1716764 (3), 9174058 (1), 16829523 (1), 18355852 (1) (see all 22)
gdp	60.7	36	8740369 (3), 20483331 (2), 1820685 (1), 1633420 (1) (see all 18)
azatyrosine	60.7	1	1594588 (1)
alpha-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonic acid	56.7	2	12941159 (1)
lovastatin	53.2	25	1673788 (4), 2043425 (4), 7829224 (2), 8425769 (2) (see all 13)
perillic acid	50.8	1	10955786 (1)
crcs	46.4	6	15542810 (2), 14639609 (1), 18628094 (1), 18435933 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about HRAS / RASH

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for HRAS gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_001130442.1 NM_005343.2 NM_176795.3

Unigene Cluster for HRAS:

V-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

Hs.37003 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_176795

11 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000478324 ENST00000397594 ENST00000397596 ENST00000493230 ENST00000462734

ENST00000311189 ENST00000479482 ENST00000468682 ENST00000482021 ENST00000451590(uc001lpv.3 uc010qvx.2)

ENST00000417302(uc010qvw.2 uc010qvy.2)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 3): HRAS Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HRAS
		4 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate HRAS:
		hsa-miR-4318 hsa-miR-32* hsa-miR-892a hsa-miR-3667-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HRAS 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for HRAS (see all 3) OriGene siRNA: HRAS
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat HRAS

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for HRAS (see all 7) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for HRAS (see all 4) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): HRAS (NM_005343)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for HRAS
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat HRAS

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for HRAS Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat HRAS
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat HRAS
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat HRAS

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB451336.1 AB451485.1 AF493916.1 AJ437024.1 BC006499.2 BC095471.1 BT019421.1 CR536579.1

CR542271.1

8 DOTS entries:

DT.412426 DT.95375678 DT.97859215 DT.120679118 DT.95375682 DT.101961179 DT.437065 DT.95283676

24/131 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 131):

BQ008725 AI268063 AF493916 CA335694 AI432164 NM_176795 BU678078 BE327640

BE208836 BM512457 BM763781 BM801632 BG060112 BM673300 BM873522 AW083644

BM995684 BU632361 BF725942 BQ212741 BE312482 BM706369 AI299343 BM696543

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for HRAS (see all 6) About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c
SP1:
SP2:																			-
SP3:
SP4:																			-
SP5:									-		-								-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for HRAS

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

HRAS expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GAGGTGCCGG

About this image

HRAS expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Spinal Cord

Spinal Ventral Columns

Ventral Spinal Cord Progenitor Cells

Motor Neurons

Spinal Cord

Spinal Ventral Columns

Spinal Cord

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See HRAS Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for HRAS

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.37003

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Tissue specificity: Widely expressed

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including HRAS (see all 16):

Lung Cancer in human mouse rat

Insulin Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

Cancer Drug Targets in human mouse rat

Cellular Senescence in human mouse rat

EGF / PDGF Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for HRAS Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HRAS

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for HRAS gene from 7/25 species (see all 25) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	HRAS¹	v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	83.42(n) 97.88(a)		396229 NM_205292.1 NP_990623.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	HRAS⁶	--	96(a)	1 ↔ 1	1(74820697-74838640)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	AY037008.1²	--	83.19(n)		AY037008.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wufa04e08²	wufa04e08	76.68(n)		334824 AI657850.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Ras85D³	eggshell pattern formation RAS small monomeric more	86(a)		3 85D21 --
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	C08F8.7³	RAS-related protein	46(a)		IV(11177461-11178071) --
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os.25522²	Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more	73.7(n)		CA767542.2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HRAS (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for HRAS (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for HRAS gene

REM1² RALA² RIT2² RIT1² RRAS² ERAS² RALB² NRAS²

RRAD² REM2² KRAS² GEM² RRAS2² MRAS²

18/92 SIMAP similar genes for HRAS using alignment to 2 protein entries: RASH_HUMAN (see all proteins) (see all similar genes):

K-RAS N-ras c-bas/has KRAS H-RAS K-ras

NRAS RAP1B RALA RAP1A RIT2 RIT1

RALB RAP2A RRAS2 RRAS RAP2C MRAS

HRAS for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 11 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs104894227^1,2	C	pathogenic	533553(-)	`GAACAA/GGTGTG`	6	K R	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs104894230^1,2	C	pathogenic	534288(-)	`CGCCGA/C/G/T CGGTG`	12	D A G V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs121913233^1,2	C	other	533874(-)	`CGGCCA/C/G/T GGAGG`	12	Q P R L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs28933406^1,2	C	other	533875(-)	`CCGGCC/AAGGAG`	6	/K /Q	mis¹ ese³		2		NA	4
rs104894226^1,2	C	other	534285(-)	`CGGCGA/G/TTGTGG`	9	D G V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs104894228^1,2	C	other	534286(-)	`CCGGCA/C/G/T GTGTG`	12	S R G C	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs104894229^1,2	C	other	534289(-)	`GCGCCA/C/G/T GCGGT`	12	S R G C	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs80210481^1,2		--	531864(+)	`TTTCAC/TGCTGG`	3	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs73401676^1,2	C,	--	532003(+)	`TAGAAG/ACACAG`	3	--	ds500¹		2		WA	120
rs145213447^1,2		--	532013(+)	`GTAAGC/TTCTCT`	3	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for HRAS (532242 - 537287 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for HRAS
4 CNVs: 3831 29882 29883 29881
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): HRAS

5/15 SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays for HRAS (see all 15):

Cosmic Id	AA Change
482	p.G12R
498	p.Q61L
484	p.G12D
487	p.G13S
502	p.Q61H

5/26 SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays containing HRAS (see all 26):

Breast Cancer

Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) (Panel II)

Cancer Comprehensive Panel 384HT

Lung Cancer

1 SABiosciences qBiomarker Copy Number PCR Array containing HRAS:

Oncogenes & Tumor Suppressor Genes 384HC

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing HRAS

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for HRAS

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

HRAS for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 190020
OMIM disorders: 109800  218040  188470
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Defects in HRAS are the cause of faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome (FCSS) [MIM:218040]. A rare condition

characterized by prenatally increased growth, postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, distinctive facial

appearance, cardiovascular abnormalities (typically pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or atrial

tachycardia), tumor predisposition, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities

Defects in HRAS are the cause of congenital myopathy with excess of muscle spindles (CMEMS) [MIM:218040].

CMEMS is a variant of Costello syndrome

Defects in HRAS may be a cause of susceptibility to Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma (HCTC) [MIM:607464].

Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma accounts for approximately 3% of all thyroid cancers. Although they are classified as

variants of follicular neoplasms, they are more often multifocal and somewhat more aggressive and are less likely to

take up iodine than are other follicular neoplasms

Note=Mutations which change positions 12, 13 or 61 activate the potential of HRAS to transform cultured cells

and are implicated in a variety of human tumors

Defects in HRAS are a cause of susceptibility to bladder cancer (BLC) [MIM:109800]. A malignancy originating

in tissues of the urinary bladder. It often presents with multiple tumors appearing at different times and at

different sites in the bladder. Most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas. They begin in cells that

normally make up the inner lining of the bladder. Other types of bladder cancer include squamous cell carcinoma

(cancer that begins in thin, flat cells) and adenocarcinoma (cancer that begins in cells that make and release mucus

and other fluids). Bladder cancer is a complex disorder with both genetic and environmental influences

Note=Defects in HRAS are the cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

Defects in HRAS are the cause of Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome (SFM) [MIM:163200]. A disease

characterized by sebaceous nevi, often on the face, associated with variable ipsilateral abnormalities of the central

nervous system, ocular anomalies, and skeletal defects. Many oral manifestations have been reported, not only

including hypoplastic and malformed teeth, and mucosal papillomatosis, but also ankyloglossia, hemihyperplastic

tongue, intraoral nevus, giant cell granuloma, ameloblastoma, bone cysts, follicular cysts, oligodontia, and

odontodysplasia. Sebaceous nevi follow the lines of Blaschko and these can continue as linear intraoral lesions, as in

mucosal papillomatosis

20/159 diseases for HRAS (see all 159): About MalaCards

oral squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma costello syndrome sarcoma

thrombocytopenia-absent radius syndrome uniparental disomy of chromosome 11 manic-depressive illness carcinoma

spitz nevus thyroid cancer thyroiditis thyroid carcinoma, follicular, somatic

supranuclear palsy progressive supranuclear palsy non-small cell lung carcinoma developmental disabilities

short stature dentinogenesis imperfecta bladder cancer, somatic pulmonic stenosis

20/25 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for HRAS (see all 25):

Colorectal cancer Carcinoma Lung cancer Pancreatic cancer

Adenoma Melanoma Leukemia Autosomal dominant disease

Breast cancer Endometrial cancer Papilloma Urinary bladder cancer

Lymphoma Pancreatitis Gallbladder cancer Thyroid cancer

Ovarian cancer Intellectual disability Retinoblastoma Hepatocellular carcinoma

10/92 Novoseek disease relationships for HRAS gene (see all 92) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cfc syndrome	89.1	19	18651097 (2), 17366577 (2), 20052757 (1), 17483702 (1) (see all 10)
noonan syndrome	85.1	39	18958496 (4), 17056636 (3), 16474405 (3), 19020799 (2) (see all 22)
microsatellite instability	67	11	19186181 (1), 19513025 (1), 19908233 (1), 15294875 (1) (see all 10)
colorectal cancer	61.2	72	15294875 (5), 11192825 (3), 12722796 (3), 14688025 (3) (see all 41)
tumors	60.2	276	15753399 (4), 18268007 (4), 9563885 (3), 12788883 (3) (see all 99)
adenocarcinoma lung	55.3	6	20007840 (2), 19162366 (1), 19826477 (1), 17024970 (1) (see all 5)
short stature	51.6	8	16921267 (1), 17211612 (1), 18958496 (1), 17601930 (1) (see all 6)
colon cancer	51.4	24	19843849 (4), 12009696 (3), 12652573 (2), 18790789 (1) (see all 14)
colorectal tumors	51.3	7	16707468 (1), 19956069 (1), 8625092 (1), 10639144 (1) (see all 7)
cancer	50.9	83	20477713 (5), 20005451 (3), 18418066 (3), 12788883 (2) (see all 44)

GeneTests: HRAS

Costello Syndrome

Genetic Association Database (GAD): HRAS
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: HRAS (39 documents)
Tumor Gene Database (TGDB): HRAS

Export disorders for HRAS gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for HRAS gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 1336):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with HRAS)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Alternative splicing of the human proto-oncogene c-H-ras renders a new Ras family protein that trafficks to cytoplasm and nucleus. (PubMed id 14500341)^{1, 2, 9} Guil S.... Bach-Elias M. (2003)
Postzygotic HRAS and KRAS mutations cause nevus sebaceous and Schimmelpenning syndrome. (PubMed id 22683711)^{1, 2} Groesser L.... Hafner C. (2012)
Costello syndrome associated with novel germline HRAS mutations: an attenuated phenotype? (PubMed id 18247425)^{1, 2} Gripp K.W....Sol-Church K. (2008)
Severe neonatal manifestations of Costello syndrome. (PubMed id 18039947)^{1, 2} Lo I.F....Kerr B. (2008)
Feedback inhibition of calcineurin and Ras by a dual inhibitory protein Carabin. (PubMed id 17230191)^{1, 2} Pan F.... Liu J.O. (2007)
Myopathy caused by HRAS germline mutations: implications for disturbed myogenic differentiation in the presence of constitutive HRas activation. (PubMed id 17412879)^{1, 2} van der Burgt I.... Zenker M. (2007)
HRAS mutation analysis in Costello syndrome: genotype and phenotype correlation. (PubMed id 16329078)^{1, 2} Gripp K.W....Sol-Church K. (2006)
An acylation cycle regulates localization and activity of palmitoylated Ras isoforms. (PubMed id 15705808)^{1, 2} Rocks O....Bastiaens P.I.H. (2005)
Germline mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene cause Costello syndrome. (PubMed id 16170316)^{1, 2} Aoki Y.... Matsubara Y. (2005)
DHHC9 and GCP16 constitute a human protein fatty acyltransferase with specificity for H- and N-Ras. (PubMed id 16000296)^{1, 2} Swarthout J.T.... Linder M.E. (2005)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 3265	HGNC: 5173	AceView: HRAS	Ensembl:ENSG00000174775	euGenes: HUgn3265
ECgene: HRAS	Kegg: 3265	H-InvDB: HRAS

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for HRAS	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for HRAS	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
GeneReviews	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/GeneTests/lab/gene/HRAS

Intellectual Property for HRAS gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for HRAS gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving HRAS

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
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HRAS Gene

v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

Aliases
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HRAS (Gene Symbol)
V-Ha-Ras Harvey Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog
HRAS1
Transforming Protein P21
H-Ras-1
P21ras
C-BAS/HAS
C-H-RAS
C-HA-RAS1
CTLO
H-RASIDX
HAMSV
K-RAS
N-RAS
RASH1
C-Has/Bas P21 Protein
C-Ras-Ki-2 Activated Oncogene
GTP- And GDP-Binding Peptide B
GTPase HRas
Ha-Ras1 Proto-Oncoprotein
P19 H-RasIDX Protein
Ras Family Small GTP Binding Protein H-Ras
Transformation Gene: Oncogene HAMSV
Ha-Ras
C-H-Ras

Spitz Nevus
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LUNG CARCINOMA
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NSCLC
CFC SYNDROME
Adenocarcinoma
Cancer
Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Dependent
premalignant
Colorectal Carcinoma
somatic mutations
mammary tumor
Nevi
Heart Defects Congenital
Carcinoma Non-Small Cell Lung
Shock
Myeloproliferative Disorders
COLON ADENOCARCINOMA
polyposis
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Inflammation
Noonan Syndrome
TUMOR LIVER
SHORT STATURE
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Hepatitis B
MYELOMA
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virus infection
neoplastic transformation
COLON TUMOR
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Melanoma
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Colon Cancer
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Glioma
Goiter Nodular
LEOPARD Syndrome
Astrocytoma
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ACUTE LEUKEMIA
Thyroid Cancer
PROSTATE CARCINOMA
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Leukemia
Alzheimers Disease
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metastatic melanoma
THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA
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HRAS Gene

v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

Aliasesfor HRAS gene

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