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HRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 74

GC11M000522

v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: HRAS1)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
C-BAS/HAS ^²
C-H-RAS ^²
C-HA-RAS1 ^²
CTLO ^²
H-RASIDX ^²
H-Ras-1 ^³
HAMSV ^²
HRAS1 ^², ³
Ha-Ras ^³
K-RAS ^²
N-RAS ^²
OTTHUMP00000162769 ^²
OTTHUMP00000166053 ^²
OTTHUMP00000166055 ^²
RASH1 ^²
c-H-ras ^³
p21ras ^³

Descriptions
GTP- and GDP-binding peptide B ^²
GTPase HRas ^²
Ha-Ras1 proto-oncoprotein ^²
Ras family small GTP binding protein H-Ras ^²
Transforming protein p21 ^², ³
c-has/bas p21 protein ^²
c-ras-Ki-2 activated oncogene ^²
p19 H-RasIDX protein ^²
transformation gene: oncogene HAMSV ^²
v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 5173¹
Entrez Gene: 3265²
UniProtKB: P01112³
Ensembl: ENSG00000174775⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for HRAS gene

Previous GC identifers: GC11P001100 GC11P001123 GC11P000664

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for HRAS:

This gene belongs to the Ras oncogene family, whose members are related to the transforming genes

of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses. The products encoded by these genes function in signal

transduction pathways. These proteins can bind GTP and GDP, and they have intrinsic GTPase

activity. This protein undergoes a continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation, which regulates

its rapid exchange between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus. Mutations in this gene

cause Costello syndrome, a disease characterized by increased growth at the prenatal stage, growth

deficiency at the postnatal stage, predisposition to tumor formation, mental retardation, skin and

musculoskeletal abnormalities, distinctive facial appearance and cardiovascular abnormalities.

Defects in this gene are implicated in a variety of cancers, including bladder cancer, follicular

thyroid cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple transcript variants, which encode

different isoforms, have been identified for this gene. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Function: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity

Gene Wiki entry for HRAS

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the HRAS gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.5 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11p15.5 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.5

HRAS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M000522: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	522,242 bp from pter
End:	525,591 bp from pter
Size:	3,350 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.8 NT_035113.6

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: GTPase HRas precursor

Size: 189 amino acids; 21298 Da

Subunit: In its GTP-bound form interacts with PLCE1. Interacts with TBC1D10C. Interacts with RGL3

(By similarity). Forms a signaling complex with RASGRP1 and DGKZ. Interacts with RASSF5

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. Golgi apparatus membrane;

Lipid-anchor. Note=Shuttles between the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus

Mass spectrometry: Mass=6.223; Mass_error=2; Method=Electrospray; Range=112-166;

Source=PubMed:9020151;

Mass spectrometry: Mass=6.253; Mass_error=2; Method=Electrospray; Range=112-166; Note=Includes one

nitric oxide molecule; Source=PubMed:9020151;

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

121P (3D)

1AA9 (3D)

1AGP (3D)

1BKD (3D)

1CLU (3D)

1CRP (3D)

1CRQ (3D)

1CRR (3D)

1CTQ (3D)

1GNP (3D)

1GNQ (3D)

1GNR (3D)

1HE8 (3D)

1IAQ (3D)

1IOZ (3D)

1JAH (3D)

1JAI (3D)

1K8R (3D)

1LF0 (3D)

1LF5 (3D)

1LFD (3D)

1NVU (3D)

1NVV (3D)

1NVW (3D)

1NVX (3D)

1P2S (3D)

1P2T (3D)

1P2U (3D)

1P2V (3D)

1PLJ (3D)

1PLK (3D)

1PLL (3D)

1Q21 (3D)

1QRA (3D)

1RVD (3D)

1WQ1 (3D)

1XCM (3D)

1XD2 (3D)

1XJ0 (3D)

1ZVQ (3D)

1ZW6 (3D)

221P (3D)

2C5L (3D)

2CE2 (3D)

2CL0 (3D)

2CL6 (3D)

2CL7 (3D)

2CLC (3D)

2CLD (3D)

2EVW (3D)

2GDP (3D)

2Q21 (3D)

2QUZ (3D)

2RGA (3D)

2RGB (3D)

2RGC (3D)

2RGD (3D)

2RGE (3D)

2RGG (3D)

2UZI (3D)

2VH5 (3D)

3DDC (3D)

421P (3D)

4Q21 (3D)

521P (3D)

5P21 (3D)

621P (3D)

6Q21 (3D)

721P (3D)

821P (3D)

Secondary accessions: B5BUA0 Q14080 Q6FHV9 Q9UCE2

Post-translational modifications:

Palmitoylated by the ZDHHC9-GOLGA7 complex. A continuous cycle of de- and re-palmitoylation

regulates rapid exchange between plasma membrane and Golgi¹

S-nitrosylated; critical for redox regulation. Important for stimulating guanine nucleotide

exchange. No structural perturbation on nitrosylation¹

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001123914.1 NP_005334.1 NP_789765.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000380722 ENSP00000312305 ENSP00000380723 ENSP00000373382 ENSP00000309845

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for HRAS
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (HRAS+KRAS, cH Ras, N ras + c Ha ras, Ras, vH RAS)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (HRAS)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: HRAS

5/6 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view) (see all 6 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000139	Golgi membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005622	intracellular	IEA	--
GO:0005624	membrane fraction	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	TAS	10842192
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	IEA	--

About this table

Antibodies for HRAS:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for HRAS
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of HRAS
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for HRAS
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for HRAS (H-ras)
	Antibodies from Abcam (HRAS+KRAS, cH Ras, N ras + c Ha ras, Ras, vH RAS), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (HRAS)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HRAS

Assays for HRAS:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01112

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01112

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001806 Transforming protein P21 RAS signature

IPB003577 Ras small GTPase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Similarity: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (HRAS)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of HRAS Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (HRAS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 4): BC006499

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for HRAS

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for HRAS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for HRAS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for HRAS
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001130442
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001130442
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_001130442

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_005343

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Function: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity

Enzyme regulation: Alternate between an inactive form bound to GDP and an active form bound to GTP.

Activated by a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor (GEF) and inactivated by a GTPase-activating

protein (GAP)

Genatlas biochemistry entry for HRAS:

Harvey rat sarcoma viral (v-Ha-ras1) oncogene homolog

15/17 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles) (MGI details for Hras1) (see all 17 ):

	behavior/neurological	craniofacial	endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size
homeostasis/metabolism	lethality-postnatal	life span-post-weaning/aging	nervous system	normal
renal/urinary system	reproductive system	respiratory system	skeleton	skin/coat/nails

3 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--
GO:0008022	protein C-terminus binding	IPI	9219684

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

5/91 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for HRAS (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 91 )

ERK/MAPK Signaling
Melanoma Signaling
Endothelin-1 Signaling
IGF-1 Signaling
FLT3 Signaling in Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

GeneDecks HRAS for the pathways selected above

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Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for HRAS

5/332 Interacting proteins for HRAS (ENSP00000373382³ P01112^{1, 2}) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 332 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PIK3CG	P48736¹	STRING (score=.995) EBI-350145, EBI-1030384
ABL2	P42684²	STRING (score=.769) MINT-59461 MINT-59462
CAV1	Q03135²	STRING (score=.729) MINT-14113 MINT-14114
FYN	P06241²	STRING (score=.896) MINT-50377
RASSF1	Q9NS23²	STRING (score=.971) MINT-6949036

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5/15 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 15 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006897	endocytosis	IEA	--
GO:0006915	apoptosis	IEA	--
GO:0006935	chemotaxis	TAS	10848592
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor linked signal transduction	TAS	9020890
GO:0007265	Ras protein signal transduction	IEA	--

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for HRAS:

Antagonist

Browse Tocris compounds for HRAS
10/50 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for HRAS gene (see all 50 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
gtp	72.44	110	8740369 (5), 9345266 (4), 8626511 (4), 1508192 (4) (see all 50)
dihydroperillic acid	67.40	1	10955786 (1)
tyrosine	66.69	141	1371879 (5), 7568118 (4), 8407889 (4), 1508192 (4) (see all 80)
phosphatidylinositol	62.41	33	1716764 (3), 9174058 (1), 16829523 (1), 18355852 (1) (see all 22)
gdp	61.04	22	8740369 (3), 1820685 (1), 1633420 (1), 7988425 (1) (see all 16)
alpha-hydroxyfarnesylphosphonic acid	57.96	2	12941159 (1)
perillic acid	52.13	1	10955786 (1)
crcs	49.92	6	15542810 (2), 14639609 (1), 18628094 (1), 18435933 (1)
tipifarnib	48.99	4	17460778 (2), 16609062 (1)
mevalonate	48.24	9	12792788 (1), 9389491 (1), 1894647 (1), 8425769 (1) (see all 7)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (HRAS)
		Millipore RNAi Products for the Analysis of HRAS Gene knock-down
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (HRAS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 4): BC006499

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for HRAS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for HRAS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_001130442 NM_005343 NM_176795

REFSEQ mRNAs for HRAS gene (3 alternative transcripts):

NM_001130442.1 NM_005343.2 NM_176795.3

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_001130442 NM_005343 NM_176795

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001130442
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001130442
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 4): NM_001130442

Additional cDNA sequence:

AB451336.1 AB451485.1 AF493916.1 AJ437024.1 BC006499.2 BC095471.1 BT019421.1 CR536579.1

CR542271.1

8 DOTS entries:

DT.412426 DT.95375678 DT.97859215 DT.120679118 DT.437065 DT.95375682 DT.101961179 DT.95283676

24/131 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 131 ):

BE312482 BC006499 BM894011 BM976656 AJ437024 BM701759 NM_176795 BQ000825

BE327640 BM763781 BM995684 BM512457 BM708452 BE208836 BE207889 AI299343

BM708174 NM_005343 BF725942 AF493916 CK824081 BQ021455 BM874789 BQ008725

highest scoring ESTs for HRAS:

AA316753 AI038821 AW247615 BC006499 BG419155 BI669293 BM565061 BM763781 BM801600 BM801632

Unigene Cluster for HRAS:

V-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

Hs.37003 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BG714207

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for HRAS (see all 6 )

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c
SP1:
SP2:																			-
SP3:
SP4:																			-
SP5:									-		-								-

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for HRAS

5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000397594 ENST00000311175 ENST00000397596 ENST00000388730 ENST00000311189

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
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HRAS expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for HRAS

¹ / ² / ³

4 probe-sets matching HRAS gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
1590_s_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.97	1.01	J00277	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
35701_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.99	0.99	AI038821	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
212983_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_005343	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
212983_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks HRAS for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

About GeneDecksing

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: GAGGTGCCGG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.37003

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for HRAS gene from 5/12 species (see all 12 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	HRAS¹	--	v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	89.77(n) 97.88(a)	403735 XM_540523.2 XP_540523.2
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	HRAS¹	--	v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	98.77(n) 99.47(a)	466302 XM_521702.2 XP_521702.2
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Hras¹	--	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	88.36(n) 100(a)	293621 XM_001061671.1 XP_001061671.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Hras1^{1, 5}	7 (72.20 cM)⁵	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene 1^{1, 5}	87.3(n)¹ 99.47(a)¹	15461¹ NM_008284.1¹ NP_032310.1¹ AF081118⁵ AF268311⁵ (see all 20)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	HRAS¹	--	v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	83.42(n) 97.88(a)	396229 NM_205292.1 NP_990623.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for HRAS

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HRAS

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for HRAS gene

KRAS² ERAS² NRAS²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/33 NCBI SNPs in HRAS are shown (see all 33 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 25)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 11 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--				--
--	rs8176336^1,2	C,F	525463(-)	`cgcccC/Tggcct`	3	--	ut5¹		5		NA NS	170
--	rs41303615^1,2	C,F	524332(+)	`CCTCAG/AGGGCC`	3	--	ut5¹		5		NS	190
--	rs45565838^1,2	F	522452(-)	`AGGACG/CGAAGC`	3	--	ut3¹		5		NS	186
--	rs45572231^1,2	F	525451(-)	`GGCCCC/TGGCCC`	3	--	ut5¹		4		NS	48
--	rs41294870^1,2	F	524332(-)	`CAGGCC/TTGAGG`	3	--	ut5¹		1		NA	154
	rs12628^1,2	C,F,H	524242(-)	`AACCAT/CTTTGT`	3	H/H	syn¹		17		MN EU EA NA NS	1520
--	rs12576769^1,2	C,F	525026(+)	`TGAGGC/TCCCCG`	2	--	int¹		1		MN	184
	rs41258054^1,2	C,F	524197(-)	`GCGCCG/ACCGTC`	2	--	int¹		6		NA NS	342
	rs35601764^1,2	C,F	522923(+)	`CTCGAA/CGTGCC`	2	--	int¹		5		NS	174
--	rs11246176^1,2	A,C	524916(-)	`CTTTCC/TGTGGC`	2	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for HRAS (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 190020 disorders: 109800 218040 188470

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: RASH_HUMAN, P01112

Defects in HRAS are the cause of Costello syndrome [MIM:218040]; also known as

faciocutaneoskeletal syndrome. Costello syndrome is a rare condition characterized by prenatally

increased growth, postnatal growth deficiency, mental retardation, distinctive facial appearance,

cardiovascular abnormalities (typically pulmonic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and/or

atrial tachycardia), tumor predisposition, skin and musculoskeletal abnormalities

Defects in HRAS are the cause of congenital myopathy with excess of muscle spindles

(CMEMS) [MIM:218040]. CMEMS is a variant of Costello syndrome

Defects in HRAS may be a cause of susceptibility to Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma

[MIM:607464]; also known as Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasia. Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma

accounts for approximately 3% of all thyroid cancers. Although they are classified as variants of

follicular neoplasms, they are more often multifocal and somewhat more aggressive and are less

likely to take up iodine than are other follicular neoplasms

Mutations which change positions 12, 13 or 61 activate the potential of HRAS to transform

cultured cells and are implicated in a variety of human tumors

Defects in HRAS are a cause of bladder cancer [MIM:109800]

Defects in HRAS are the cause of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC)

10/91 Novoseek disease relationships for HRAS gene (see all 91 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cfc syndrome	88.18	17	18651097 (2), 17366577 (2), 16921267 (1), 17875937 (1) (see all 9)
noonan syndrome	82.54	32	17056636 (3), 16474405 (3), 19020799 (2), 17143282 (2) (see all 19)
microsatellite instability	57.58	5	19186181 (1), 15294875 (1), 17914558 (1), 19190129 (1)
tumors	56.98	238	15753399 (4), 18268007 (4), 9563885 (3), 12788883 (3) (see all 99)
adenocarcinoma lung	54.15	2	17024970 (1), 18299280 (1)
colorectal cancer	54.07	55	15294875 (5), 11192825 (3), 12722796 (3), 14688025 (3) (see all 30)
leopard syndrome	49.09	1	17603483 (1)
melanoma	48.05	125	15688405 (6), 15503312 (5), 16096402 (5), 16421887 (5) (see all 30)
cancer	47.97	65	18418066 (3), 12788883 (2), 15781617 (2), 18395974 (2) (see all 37)
developmental disabilities	47.20	3	17875937 (1)

About this table

GeneTests: HRAS

Costello Syndrome

Human Gene Mutation Database: HRAS
Genetic Association Database: HRAS
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: HRAS (22 documents)
Tumor Gene Database: HRAS
Breast Cancer Gene Database: HRAS

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

Fundoplication Not Always Effective Treatment for GERD in Children

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/1033 PubMed articles for HRAS gene (see all 1033 ):

Costello syndrome associated with novel germline HRAS mutations: an attenuated phenotype? (PubMed id 18247425)^{3, 4} Gripp K.W....Sol-Church K. (2008)
Feedback inhibition of calcineurin and Ras by a dual inhibitory protein Carabin. (PubMed id 17230191)^{3, 4} Pan F.... Liu J.O. (2007)
Myopathy caused by HRAS germline mutations: implications for disturbed myogenic differentiation in the presence of constitutive HRas activation. (PubMed id 17412879)^{3, 4} van der Burgt I....Zenker M. (2007)
HRAS mutation analysis in Costello syndrome: genotype and phenotype correlation. (PubMed id 16329078)^{3, 4} Gripp K.W....Sol-Church K. (2006)
An acylation cycle regulates localization and activity of palmitoylated Ras isoforms. (PubMed id 15705808)^{3, 4} Rocks O....Bastiaens P.I.H. (2005)
Germline mutations in HRAS proto-oncogene cause Costello syndrome. (PubMed id 16170316)^{3, 4} Aoki Y.... Matsubara Y. (2005)
DHHC9 and GCP16 constitute a human protein fatty acyltransferase with specificity for H- and N-Ras. (PubMed id 16000296)^{3, 4} Swarthout J.T.... Linder M.E. (2005)
Predictive factors for pancreatic cancer in patients with chronic pancreatitis in association with K-ras gene mutation. (PubMed id 15202051)^{3, 6} Arvanitakis M....Deviere J. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
[Study of HRas1 minisatellite frequencies in children with thyroid papillary cancer] (PubMed id 15098441)^{3, 6} Iarmolinskii D.G....Figge J. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3265	HGNC: 5173	AceView: HRAS	Ensembl:ENSG00000174775	euGenes: HUgn3265
ECgene: HRAS	H-InvDB: HRAS

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for HRAS	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Mammary Transgene Database entry for HRAS	More genetic and clinical information
GeneReviews	http://www.genetests.org/query?gene=HRAS

Licensable Technologies for HRAS
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for HRAS:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for HRAS-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for HRAS		Antibodies for HRAS
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for HRAS		Small molecules for HRAS
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (HRAS)
	Antibodies (HRAS)
	Chimera RNAi (HRAS)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Antibodies & Assays for HRAS (H-ras)

	Recombinant Proteins (HRAS+KRAS, cH Ras, N ras + c Ha ras, Ras, vH RAS)
	Antibodies (HRAS+KRAS, cH Ras, N ras + c Ha ras, Ras, vH RAS)

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

Search Tocris compounds for HRAS

	Proteins for HRAS
	Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for HRAS

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HRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 74

Aliases &
Descriptions
for HRAS

Summaries
for HRAS

Genomic Location
for HRAS

Proteins
for HRAS

Protein Domains/
Families
for HRAS

Gene Function
for HRAS

Pathways & Interactions
for HRAS

Drugs & Compounds
for HRAS

Transcripts
for HRAS

Expression
for HRAS

Orthologs
for HRAS

Paralogs
for HRAS

SNPs/Variants
for HRAS

Disorders & Mutations
for HRAS

Medical News
for HRAS

Publications
for HRAS

Search for HRAS

Genome Databases showing HRAS

Other Databases showing HRAS

Specialized Databases showing HRAS

Licensable Technologies
for HRAS

Services
for HRAS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

HRAS (Gene Symbol)
C-BAS/HAS
C-H-RAS
C-HA-RAS1
CTLO
H-RASIDX
H-Ras-1
HAMSV
HRAS1
Ha-Ras
K-RAS
N-RAS
OTTHUMP00000162769
OTTHUMP00000166053
OTTHUMP00000166055
RASH1
c-H-ras
p21ras
GTP- and GDP-binding peptide B
GTPase HRas
Ha-Ras1 proto-oncoprotein
Ras family small GTP binding protein H-Ras
Transforming protein p21
c-has/bas p21 protein
c-ras-Ki-2 activated oncogene
p19 H-RasIDX protein
transformation gene: oncogene HAMSV
v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog

HRAS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 74

Aliases & Descriptionsfor HRAS

Summariesfor HRAS

Genomic Locationfor HRAS

Proteinsfor HRAS

Protein Domains/Familiesfor HRAS

Gene Functionfor HRAS

Pathways & Interactionsfor HRAS

Drugs & Compoundsfor HRAS

Transcriptsfor HRAS

Expression for HRAS

Orthologsfor HRAS

Paralogsfor HRAS

SNPs/Variantsfor HRAS

Disorders & Mutationsfor HRAS

Medical Newsfor HRAS

Publicationsfor HRAS

Search for HRAS

Genome Databases showing HRAS

Other Databases showing HRAS

Specialized Databases showing HRAS

Licensable Technologiesfor HRAS

Servicesfor HRAS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for HRAS

Summaries
for HRAS

Genomic Location
for HRAS

Proteins
for HRAS

Protein Domains/
Families
for HRAS

Gene Function
for HRAS

Pathways & Interactions
for HRAS

Drugs & Compounds
for HRAS

Transcripts
for HRAS

Expression
for HRAS

Orthologs
for HRAS

Paralogs
for HRAS

SNPs/Variants
for HRAS

Disorders & Mutations
for HRAS

Medical News
for HRAS

Publications
for HRAS

Licensable Technologies
for HRAS

Services
for HRAS