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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

HPGD Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 68
GCID: GC04M175411

hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)
 Explore 35 diseases affiliated with
HPGD via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for HPGD    

Aliases
for HPGD gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
This gene clusters with an RNA gene
Subcategory (RNA class): lncRNA

Quality score for the ORGUL clustered with this gene is 3

Aliases
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)1 2     15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]2
PGDH12 3 5     PGDH2
SDR36C11 2     PHOAR12
Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase 12 3     NAD+-Dependent 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase2
15-PGDH2 3     Short Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Family 36C, Member 12
EC 1.1.1.1413 8     EC 1.1.18

External Ids:    HGNC: 51541   Entrez Gene: 32482   Ensembl: ENSG000001641207   OMIM: 6016885   UniProtKB: P154283   
ORGUL members:         
NONCODE:n407800    

Export aliases for HPGD gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04M176331 GC04M175949 GC04M176107 GC04M175786 GC04M175647 GC04M171160


Summaries
for HPGD gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for HPGD:
This gene encodes a member of the short-chain nonmetalloenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded enzyme
is responsible for the metabolism of prostaglandins, which function in a variety of physiologic and cellular processes
such as inflammation. Mutations in this gene result in primary autosomal recessive hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and
cranioosteoarthropathy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.
(provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428
Function: Prostaglandin inactivation. Contributes to the regulation of events that are under the control of
prostaglandin levels. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of lipoxin A4 to form 15-oxo-lipoxin A4. Inhibits in
vivo proliferation of colon cancer cells

Gene Wiki entry for HPGD


Genomic Views
for HPGD gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000004.11  NC_018915.1  NT_016354.19  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the HPGD gene promoter:
         RFX1   LHX3b/Lhx3b   POU3F1   POU3F2   FOXO3b   AREB6   FOXO3a   STAT3   LHX3a/Lhx3a   RSRFC4   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: HPGD promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for HPGD

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat HPGD


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q34-q35   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  4q34.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q34-q35

HPGD Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
HPGD gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04M175411:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 175,411,328 bp from pter      End:
 175,444,305 bp from pter
Size:
 32,978 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for HPGD gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]  
Size: 266 amino acids; 28977 Da
Subunit: Homodimer
Subcellular location: Cytoplasm
1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for HPGD:
2GDZ (3D)    
Secondary accessions: B4DTA4 B4DU74 B4DV57 D3DP43 E7EV11 O00749 Q06F08
Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms:  P15428-1   P15428-2   P15428-3   P15428-4   P15428-5   (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for HPGD: NX_P15428

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P15428

    • 4/7 DME Specific Peptides for HPGD (P15428) (see all 7)
     KVALVTG  LMNSGVR  QCDVADQ  SIEKEENMG 

    HPGD Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (6 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_000851.2  NP_001139288.1  NP_001243230.1  NP_001243234.1  NP_001243235.1  NP_001243236.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000296522   ENSP00000427699   ENSP00000296521   ENSP00000422418   ENSP00000398720  
     ENSP00000425741   ENSP00000423066   ENSP00000423110   ENSP00000420892   ENSP00000438017  
     ENSP00000443644  
    Reactome Protein details: P15428
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
    R&D Systems Recombinant & Natural Proteins for HPGD (15-PGDH/HPGD)
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    OriGene Purified Protein: HPGD
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 2): HPGD
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for HPGD 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for HPGD
    Novus Biologicals HPGD Proteins
    Novus Biologicals HPGD Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for HPGD
    Uscn Proteins for HPGD

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005730NOT nucleolus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0005829cytosol NAS15581601


    HPGD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    HPGD Antibody Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals HPGD Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for HPGD 
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    ThermoFisher Antibody for HPGD

    Assay Products for HPGD: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for HPGD

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for HPGD gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    HPGD for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR020904 Sc_DH/Rdtase_CS
     IPR002347 Glc/ribitol_DH
     IPR002198 DH_sc/Rdtase_SDR
     IPR016040 NAD(P)-bd_dom

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P15428

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P15428

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB002198 Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR
    IPB002347 Glucose/ribitol dehydrogenase family signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428
    Similarity: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family


    Function
    for HPGD gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428
    Function: Prostaglandin inactivation. Contributes to the regulation of events that are under the control of
    prostaglandin levels. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of lipoxin A4 to form 15-oxo-lipoxin A4. Inhibits in
    vivo proliferation of colon cancer cells
    Catalytic activity: (5Z,13E,15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-5,13-dienoate + NAD(+) =
    (5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-5,13-dienoate + NADH
    Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=3.4 uM for prostaglandin E2; KM=38 uM for NAD;
    Induction: Down-regulated by cortisol, dexamethasone and betamethasone. Down-regulated in colon cancer. Up-regulated by
    TGFB1

    Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.1.1.1411 2 EC 1.1.12

    miRNA
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    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HPGD
    8/10 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate HPGD (see all 10):
    hsa-miR-4324 hsa-miR-218 hsa-miR-1297 hsa-miR-548t hsa-miR-544b hsa-miR-1252 hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-378*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HPGD 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for HPGD (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: HPGD
    OriGene siRNA: HPGD
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat HPGD

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for HPGD

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for HPGD (see all 4)
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    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): HPGD (NM_000860)
    Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HPGD
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for HPGD
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat HPGD 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for HPGD

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HPGD

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000166nucleotide binding ----
    GO:0003824catalytic activity IDA2025296
    GO:0004957prostaglandin E receptor activity IDA10198228
    GO:001640415-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity IDA15581601
    GO:0016491oxidoreductase activity ----


    HPGD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HPGD:
     Decreased influenza A H1N1 (A/  Decreased influenza A/WSN/33 r  Increased mitotic index 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for HPGD: Hpgdtm1Bhk Hpgdtm1Ljm
         5 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Hpgd):
     cardiovascular system  endocrine/exocrine gland  homeostasis/metabolism  mortality/aging  reproductive system 

    HPGD for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for HPGD gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
    		Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)1.00
    		Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM0.44
    		Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM0.44
    2Metabolism
    		Metabolism1.00
    		Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins0.34
    3Arachidonic acid metabolism
    		Arachidonic acid metabolism1.00
    4Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation
    		Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation1.00
    5Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives
    		Synthesis of Lipoxins (LX)0.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for HPGD
        Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM


    1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for HPGD
        Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

    1 BioSystems Pathway for HPGD 
        Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation

    5        Reactome Pathways for HPGD
        Synthesis of Lipoxins (LX)
    Metabolism
    Arachidonic acid metabolism
    Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
    Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins



    HPGD for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for HPGD

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)

    1 Interacting protein for HPGD (ENSP000002965224) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    GBE1ENSP000004108334STRING: ENSP00000410833
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006693prostaglandin metabolic process IDA16828555
    GO:0007179transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway IDA15574495
    GO:0007565female pregnancy IDA15531523
    GO:0007567parturition IDA15531523
    GO:0019372lipoxygenase pathway TAS15581601


    HPGD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for HPGD gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    HPGD for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for HPGD

    10/11 HMDB Compounds for HPGD (see all 11)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    12S-HHT12(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-heptadeca-5,8,10-trienoic acid anion (see all 11)54397-84-1--
    13,14-Dihydro- lipoxin A413,14-dihydro-LXA(,4) (see all 3)----
    13,14-Dihydro-15-oxo-lipoxin A413,14-dihydro-15-oxo-LXA(,4) (see all 3)----
    15-Keto-prostaglandin F2a15-Keto-PGF2a (see all 9)35850-13-6--
    15-Oxo-lipoxin A415-oxo-LXA(,4) (see all 3)----
    NAD3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)53-84-9--
    NADH1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (see all 17)58-68-4--
    Prostaglandin E2(-)-Prostaglandin E2 (see all 22)363-24-6--
    Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamidePGE2EA ----
    Prostaglandin F2aProtamodin (see all 37)551-11-1--

    1 DrugBank Compound for HPGD    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    NADHbeta-DPNH (see all 18)606-68-8target--17463062

    10/39 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for HPGD gene (see all 39)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    prostaglandin 84.8 75 15531523 (3), 18639206 (3), 8370712 (2), 19667156 (2) (see all 47)
    13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pge2 82 6 19138967 (2), 8370712 (1), 11702189 (1)
    pge2 77.7 94 19820419 (4), 18438860 (3), 16828555 (3), 15908215 (2) (see all 39)
    13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin f2alpha 74.7 4 10599732 (1), 9920098 (1), 10022390 (1)
    nad+ 69.8 36 11872167 (3), 10198228 (3), 18805827 (2), 19568269 (2) (see all 19)
    trilostane 66.3 11 11836308 (4), 12788907 (2), 9920098 (1)
    (+-)-pgf2-alpha 64 6 10022390 (1), 17307913 (1), 16514200 (1), 10650939 (1)
    onapristone 55.8 2 9920098 (1), 8671154 (1)
    ribonucleic acid 51.5 12 18308117 (2), 9920098 (2), 9062515 (2), 10599732 (1)
    calcitriol 51.4 8 16886660 (1), 18290727 (1), 11237475 (1), 19667156 (1) (see all 8)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about HPGD / PGDH 

    Transcripts
    for HPGD gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for HPGD gene (6 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_000860.5  NM_001145816.2  NM_001256301.1  NM_001256305.1  NM_001256306.1  NM_001256307.1  

    Unigene Cluster for HPGD:

    Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)
    Hs.596913  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000860
    14 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000296522(uc003itu.2 uc003itv.2 uc011ckf.1 uc010irq.2 uc011ckg.1 uc011ckh.1)
    ENST00000510835 ENST00000296521 ENST00000510901 ENST00000511499 ENST00000422112
    ENST00000508330 ENST00000509512 ENST00000506910 ENST00000514584 ENST00000512410
    ENST00000504433 ENST00000541923 ENST00000542498

    miRNA
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    8/10 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate HPGD (see all 10):
    hsa-miR-4324 hsa-miR-218 hsa-miR-1297 hsa-miR-548t hsa-miR-544b hsa-miR-1252 hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-378*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HPGD 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK058013.1 AK296642.1 AK300125.1 AK300524.1 AK300940.1 AK314624.1 BC007691.2 BC018986.2 
    J05594.1 L76465.1 U63296.1 X82460.1 

    15 DOTS entries:

    DT.100826238  DT.455971  DT.100826243  DT.100826235  DT.100849187  DT.97854774  DT.92458230  DT.100826239 
    DT.100826241  DT.121246202  DT.92458232  DT.95167318  DT.100675907  DT.121246228  DT.92458237 

    24/321 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 321):

    CR605509 BM843261 AI654080 AL542647 AA149208 BX417542 BE463495 BX396257 
    BM791047 CB163779 BG286372 L76465 CR604844 CR590250 AU117801 AU137292 
    AA036995 AW237525 AU117975 CR598443 CB164778 CR606077 AU137669 CR619023 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for HPGD (see all 6)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b · 6c ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b · 8c
    SP1:              -                       -     -           -                                 
    SP2:              -                                                                           
    SP3:              -           -     -     -     -           -                                 
    SP4:              -                       -     -                                             
    SP5:                                      -     -           -                                 


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for HPGD

    Expression
    for HPGD gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    HPGD expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGAGATTGAT

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    HPGD expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    10/11 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells (see all 11) 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    EyeInner Nuclear LayerGABAergic Amacrine CellsAmacrine, Retina
    KidneyLoop of HenleLoop of Henle CellsKidney
    KidneyMetanephric MesenchymeMetanephric Mesenchyme CellsKidney
    KidneyProximal TubuleProximal Tubule CellsKidney
    LimbForelimb MyotomeLimb Muscle Progenitor CellsSkeletal Muscle
    AdiposeVisceral White AdiposeAdipose
    BoneZeugopod Growth PlateBone
    Head MesenchymeFrontonasal ProcessHead Mesenchyme
    KidneyEpithelial TubuleKidney
    KidneyLoop of HenleKidney
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 3 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    Sclerotome cells (Primary Cell)Bone, Cartilage, Somite
    PureStem™ epithelial progenitor E164 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)Intermediate Mesoderm, Kidney
    HyStem+BMP4-induced MEL2 cells (HyStem+BMP4 inductio...)Bone

    See HPGD Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for HPGD

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.596913

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428
    Tissue specificity: Detected in colon epithelium (at protein level)

        SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for HPGD
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    Orthologs
    for HPGD gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for HPGD gene from 6/19 species (see all 19)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Hpgd1 , 5 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 (NAD)1, 5 88.13(n)1
    89.77(a)1    		   8 (29.70 cM)5
    154461  NM_008278.21  NP_032304.21 
     562945525 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves HPGD1 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) 75.13(n)
    73.48(a)    		   422567  XM_420526.3  XP_420526.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia HPGD6
    		 --
    		 62(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 3(143881447-143906207)
    tropical clawed frog
    (Xenopus tropicalis)    		 Amphibia Str.81682 Transcribed sequence with moderate similarity to protein more 72.61(n)    CF591688.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii LOC5659751 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD+]-like 63.04(n)
    57.2(a)    		   565975  XM_689239.5  XP_694331.5 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta CG48423
    Pdh1    		 oxidoreductase, acting on the CH-OH group
    of more3
    Photoreceptor dehydrogenase1    		 36(a)
    (best of 2)3
    48.24(n)1
    37.55(a)1    		   398121  NM_168659.11  NP_730153.11 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HPGD (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for HPGD (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for HPGD gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for HPGD gene
    CBR42  HSD17B82  DHRS112  HSD17B102  
    6 SIMAP similar genes for HPGD using alignment to 6 protein entries:     PGDH_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    PGDH    DHRS2    PECR    RDH10    BDH2    CBR4

    HPGD for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for HPGD gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): HPGD
    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing HPGD
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for HPGD

    Disorders / Diseases
    for HPGD gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    HPGD for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 601688   
    OMIM disorders: 259100  119900  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428
  • Defects in HPGD are the cause of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive, type 1 (PHOAR1)
    • [MIM:259100]. A disease characterized by digital clubbing, periostosis, acroosteolysis, painful joint enlargement, and
    variable features of pachydermia that include thickened facial skin and a thickened scalp. Other developmental
    anomalies include delayed closure of the cranial sutures and congenital heart disease
  • Defects in HPGD are the cause of cranioosteoarthropathy (COA) [MIM:259100]. A form of osterarthropathy
    • characterized by swelling of the joints, digital clubbing, hyperhidrosis, delayed closure of the fontanels,
    periostosis, and variable patent ductus arteriosus. Pachydermia is not a prominent feature
  • Defects in HPGD are a cause of isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC) [MIM:119900]; also called clubbing of
    • digits or hereditary acropachy. ICNC is a rare genodermatosis characterized by enlargement of the nail plate and
    terminal segments of the fingers and toes, resulting from proliferation of the connective tissues between the nail
    matrix and the distal phalanx. It is usually symmetrical and bilateral (in some cases unilateral). In nail clubbing
    usually the distal end of the nail matrix is relatively high compared to the proximal end, while the nail plate is
    complete but its dimensions and diameter more or less vary in comparison to normal. There may be different fingers and
    toes involved to varying degrees. Some fingers or toes are spared, but the thumbs are almost always involved

    20/35 diseases for HPGD (see all 35):    About MalaCards
    primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy    patent ductus arteriosus    bacterial vaginosis    bladder transitional cell carcinoma
    transitional cell carcinoma    apocrine adenocarcinoma    ureteral obstruction    chorioamnionitis
    inflammatory bowel disease    alcoholism    squamous cell carcinoma    colon cancer
    adenocarcinoma    colorectal cancer    gastric adenocarcinoma    breast cancer
    lung adenocarcinoma    carcinoma    adenoma    thyroid carcinoma

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for HPGD:
    Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

    10/21 Novoseek disease relationships for HPGD gene (see all 21)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    pachydermoperiostosis 59.6 4 20406614 (2), 20299379 (2), 19568269 (1)
    chorioamnionitis 46.2 4 15970823 (1), 9062515 (1)
    colon cancer 44.7 21 15574495 (5), 18593902 (2), 19501039 (2), 19820419 (1) (see all 11)
    colon tumor 39.1 4 16880406 (2), 19887544 (1), 11352223 (1)
    adenocarcinoma lung 37 4 16844092 (1), 15680906 (1), 16632868 (1), 17481556 (1)
    labor premature 32.7 1 17327104 (1)
    adenoma 26.9 11 16880406 (2), 19470469 (2), 15542609 (1), 20086108 (1)
    bladder tumors 26.1 1 12954496 (1)
    tumors 25.1 63 15358636 (5), 16885386 (4), 17481556 (4), 18593902 (3) (see all 28)
    nsclc 24.9 13 19138967 (7), 17575121 (3), 15358636 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: HPGD (12 documents)

    Export disorders for HPGD gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for HPGD gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for HPGD gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 191):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with HPGD)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Mechanism of cortisol/progesterone antagonism in the regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human chorion and placental trophoblast cells at term. (PubMed id 12788907)1, 2, 9 Patel F.A.... Challis J.R.G. (2003)
    2. Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 and type 2 mediate differential effects on 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in cultured human chorion trophoblasts. (PubMed id 17463062)1, 7, 9 Gao L....Ni X. (2007)
    3. Role of glutamine 148 of human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in catalytic oxidation of prostaglandin E2. (PubMed id 16828555)1, 2, 9 Cho H.... Tai H.-H. (2006)
    4. 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, a COX-2 oncogene antagonist, is a TGF-beta-induced suppressor of human gastrointestinal cancers. (PubMed id 15574495)1, 2, 9 Yan M.... Markowitz S.D. (2004)
    5. Mutation in the HPGD gene encoding NAD+ dependent 15- hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase underlies isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC). (PubMed id 18805827)1, 2, 9 Tariq M.... Ahmad W. (2009)
    6. Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved tyrosine 151 of human placental NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase yields a catalytically inactive enzyme. (PubMed id 2025296)1, 2, 9 Ensor C.M. and Tai H.-H. (1991)
    7. Mutations in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. (PubMed id 18500342)1, 2, 9 Uppal S.... Bonthron D.T. (2008)
    8. High-affinity inhibitors of human NAD-dependent 15-hy droxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase: mechanisms of inhibition and structure-activi ty relationships. (PubMed id 21072165)1, 2 Niesen F.H....Simeonov A. (2010)
    9. The SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase and related enzymes) nomenclature initiative. (PubMed id 19027726)1, 3 Persson B.... Oppermann U. (2009)
    10. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)

    External Searches for HPGD gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing HPGD gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 3248 HGNC: 5154 AceView: HPGD Ensembl:ENSG00000164120 euGenes: HUgn3248
    ECgene: HPGD H-InvDB: HPGD

    Other Databases showing HPGD gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing HPGD gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for HPGD Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    SeattleSNPshttp://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/hpgd/

    Intellectual Property
    for HPGD gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for HPGD gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving HPGD

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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