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HPGD Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70
GCID: GC04M175411

Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)

See HPGD-related diseases
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Aliases
Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)¹ ²		Short Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Family 36C¹
PGDH1² ³ ⁵		15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]²
Prostaglandin Dehydrogenase 1² ³		PGDH²
15-PGDH² ³		SDR36C1²
EC 1.1.1.141³ ⁸		NAD+-Dependent 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase²
PHOAR1² ⁵		Short Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Family 36C, Member 1²
Member 1¹		EC 1.1.1⁸

External Ids:	HGNC: 5154¹	Entrez Gene: 3248²	Ensembl: ENSG00000164120⁷	OMIM: 601688⁵	UniProtKB: P15428³

Export aliases for HPGD gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC04M176331 GC04M175949 GC04M176107 GC04M175786 GC04M175647 GC04M171160

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for HPGD Gene:

This gene encodes a member of the short-chain nonmetalloenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase protein family. The encoded

enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of prostaglandins, which function in a variety of physiologic and

cellular processes such as inflammation. Mutations in this gene result in primary autosomal recessive

hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and cranioosteoarthropathy. Multiple transcript variants encoding different

isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009)

GeneCards Summary for HPGD Gene:

HPGD (hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with HPGD include primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive 1. GO annotations related to this gene include NAD+ binding and protein homodimerization activity. An important paralog of this gene is DCXR.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428

Function: Prostaglandin inactivation. Contributes to the regulation of events that are under the control of

prostaglandin levels. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of lipoxin A4 to form 15-oxo-lipoxin A4.

Inhibits in vivo proliferation of colon cancer cells

Gene Wiki entry for HPGD Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000004.11 NC_018915.2 NT_016354.20

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the HPGD gene promoter:
RFX1 LHX3b/Lhx3b POU3F1 POU3F2 FOXO3b AREB6 FOXO3a STAT3 LHX3a/Lhx3a RSRFC4
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: HPGD promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for HPGD

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat HPGD

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 4q34-q35 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 4q34.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 4q34-q35

HPGD Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
HPGD gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 4 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC04M175411: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	175,411,328 bp from pter	End:	175,444,305 bp from pter
Size:	32,978 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]

Size: 266 amino acids; 28977 Da

Subunit: Homodimer

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for HPGD:

2GDZ (3D)

Secondary accessions: B4DTA4 B4DU74 B4DV57 D3DP43 E7EV11 O00749 Q06F08 Q12998

Alternative splicing: 5 isoforms: P15428-1 P15428-2 P15428-3 P15428-4 P15428-5 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for HPGD: NX_P15428

Explore proteomics data for HPGD at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Modification sites at neXtProt

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Selected DME Specific Peptides for HPGD (P15428) (see all 7)

KVALVTG

LMNSGVR

QCDVADQ

SIEKEENMG

See HPGD Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins (6 alternative transcripts):

NP_000851.2 NP_001139288.1 NP_001243230.1 NP_001243234.1 NP_001243235.1 NP_001243236.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000296522 ENSP00000427699 ENSP00000296521 ENSP00000422418 ENSP00000398720

ENSP00000425741 ENSP00000423066 ENSP00000423110 ENSP00000420892 ENSP00000438017

ENSP00000443644

Reactome Protein details: P15428

HPGD Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals HPGD Proteins Novus Biologicals HPGD Lysates
	Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for HPGD Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for HPGD
	Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for HPGD
	Search eBioscience for Proteins for HPGD
	antibodies-online proteins for HPGD (17 products)
	antibodies-online peptides for HPGD

HPGD Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of HPGD
	R&D Systems Antibodies for HPGD (15-PGDH/HPGD)
	OriGene Antibodies for HPGD OriGene Custom Antibody Services for HPGD
	Novus Biologicals HPGD Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for HPGD
	Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for HPGD
	ThermoFisher Antibody for HPGD
	antibodies-online antibodies for HPGD (70 products)

HPGD Assay Products:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for HPGD
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for HPGD Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for HPGD
	Search eBioscience for ELISAs for HPGD
	antibodies-online kits for HPGD (21 products)

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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HGNC Gene Families:

SDRC1: Short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily / Classical SDR fold cluster 1

IUPHAR Guide to PHARMACOLOGY protein family classification: HPGD

Prostaglandin synthases

4 InterPro protein domains:

IPR020904 Sc_DH/Rdtase_CS

IPR002347 Glc/ribitol_DH

IPR002198 DH_sc/Rdtase_SDR

IPR016040 NAD(P)-bd_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P15428

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P15428

2 Blocks protein domains:

IPB002198 Short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR

IPB002347 Glucose/ribitol dehydrogenase family signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428

Similarity: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family

Find genes that share domains with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428

Function: Prostaglandin inactivation. Contributes to the regulation of events that are under the control of

prostaglandin levels. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent dehydrogenation of lipoxin A4 to form 15-oxo-lipoxin A4.

Inhibits in vivo proliferation of colon cancer cells

Catalytic activity: (5Z,13E,15S)-11-alpha,15-dihydroxy-9-oxoprost-5,13-dienoate + NAD(+) =

(5Z,13E)-11-alpha-hydroxy-9,15-dioxoprost-5,13-dienoate + NADH

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=3.4 uM for prostaglandin E2; KM=38 uM for NAD;

Induction: Down-regulated by cortisol, dexamethasone and betamethasone. Down-regulated in colon cancer.

Up-regulated by TGFB1

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.1.1.141¹ ² EC 1.1.1²

Gene Ontology (GO): Selected molecular function terms (see all 8): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003824	catalytic activity	IDA	2025296
GO:0004957	prostaglandin E receptor activity	IDA	10198228
GO:0016404	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity	TAS	--
GO:0016491	oxidoreductase activity	--	--
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	TAS	2025296

Find genes that share ontologies with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

Phenotypes:
3 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HPGD:

Decreased influenza A H1N1 (A/

Decreased influenza A/WSN/33 r

Increased mitotic index

5 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Hpgd):

cardiovascular system

endocrine/exocrine gland

homeostasis/metabolism

mortality/aging

reproductive system

Find genes that share phenotypes with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:
MGI mouse knock-outs for HPGD: Hpgd^tm1Bhk Hpgd^tm1Ljm

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for HPGD

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat HPGD using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate HPGD (see all 10):
		hsa-miR-4324 hsa-miR-218 hsa-miR-1297 hsa-miR-548t hsa-miR-544b hsa-miR-1252 hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-378*

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HPGD 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HPGD
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat HPGD

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for HPGD

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for HPGD (see all 11) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for HPGD OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): HPGD (NM_000860)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HPGD
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for HPGD
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat HPGD
		Addgene plasmids for HPGD

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for HPGD
		Browse ESI BIO Cell Lines and PureStem Progenitors for HPGD

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HPGD

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

PGDH_HUMAN, P15428: Cytoplasm

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
cytosol	5
nucleus	4
mitochondrion	1

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Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	--	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0016323	basolateral plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome	IDA	19056867

Find genes that share ontologies with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for HPGD About

See pathways by source

Powered
by

SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Arachidonic acid metabolism

	Arachidonic acid metabolism	0.40			Synthesis of Lipoxins (LX)	0.00
	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)	0.00

Metabolism

Metabolism

0.38

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

0.37

Transcriptional misregulation in cancer

Transcriptional misregulation in cancer

Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation

Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation

Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

Find genes that share SuperPaths with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

1 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathway for HPGD

Prostaglandin 2 biosynthesis and metabolism FM

1 BioSystems Pathway for HPGD

Prostaglandin Synthesis and Regulation

2 Reactome Pathways for HPGD

	Synthesis of Lipoxins (LX)
	Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for HPGD):

Transcriptional misregulation in cancer

Custom Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays for HPGD
Interactions:

GeneGlobe Interaction Network for HPGD

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 14)

Selected Interacting proteins for HPGD (ENSP00000296522⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 14)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
RAB14	ENSP00000362946⁴	STRING: ENSP00000362946
AASDH	ENSP00000205214⁴	STRING: ENSP00000205214
GBE1	ENSP00000410833⁴	STRING: ENSP00000410833
GLUD1	ENSP00000277865⁴	STRING: ENSP00000277865
ENSG00000183311	ENSP00000373058⁴	STRING: ENSP00000373058

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Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 16): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006693	prostaglandin metabolic process	IDA	16828555
GO:0007179	transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway	IDA	15574495
GO:0007565	female pregnancy	IDA	15531523
GO:0007567	parturition	IDA	15531523
GO:0008150	biological_process	--	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Browse Tocris compounds for HPGD (PGDH)

Selected HMDB Compounds for HPGD (see all 11) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
12S-HHT	12(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,10E)-heptadeca-5,8,10-trienoic acid anion (see all 11)	54397-84-1	--
13,14-Dihydro- lipoxin A4	13,14-dihydro-LXA(,4) (see all 3)	--	--
13,14-Dihydro-15-oxo-lipoxin A4	13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-LXA(,4) (see all 3)	--	--
15-Keto-prostaglandin F2a	15-Keto-PGF2a (see all 9)	35850-13-6	--
15-Oxo-lipoxin A4	15-oxo-LXA(,4) (see all 3)	--	--
NAD	3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)	53-84-9	--
NADH	1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (see all 17)	58-68-4	--
Prostaglandin E2	(-)-Prostaglandin E2 (see all 22)	363-24-6	--
Prostaglandin E2 ethanolamide	PGE2EA	--	--
Prostaglandin F2a	Protamodin (see all 37)	551-11-1	--

1 DrugBank Compound for HPGD About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
NADH	beta-DPNH (see all 18)	606-68-8	target	--	17463062

Selected Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for HPGD gene (see all 39) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
prostaglandin	84.8	75	15531523 (3), 18639206 (3), 8370712 (2), 19667156 (2) (see all 47)
13,14-dihydro-15-keto-pge2	82	6	19138967 (2), 8370712 (1), 11702189 (1)
pge2	77.7	94	19820419 (4), 18438860 (3), 16828555 (3), 15908215 (2) (see all 39)
13,14-dihydro-15-ketoprostaglandin f2alpha	74.7	4	10599732 (1), 9920098 (1), 10022390 (1)
nad+	69.8	36	11872167 (3), 10198228 (3), 18805827 (2), 19568269 (2) (see all 19)
trilostane	66.3	11	11836308 (4), 12788907 (2), 9920098 (1)
(+-)-pgf2-alpha	64	6	10022390 (1), 17307913 (1), 16514200 (1), 10650939 (1)
onapristone	55.8	2	9920098 (1), 8671154 (1)
ribonucleic acid	51.5	12	18308117 (2), 9920098 (2), 9062515 (2), 10599732 (1)
calcitriol	51.4	8	16886660 (1), 18290727 (1), 11237475 (1), 19667156 (1) (see all 8)

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(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for HPGD gene (6 alternative transcripts):

NM_000860.5 NM_001145816.2 NM_001256301.1 NM_001256305.1 NM_001256306.1 NM_001256307.1

Unigene Cluster for HPGD:

Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)

Hs.596913 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000860

14 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000296522(uc003itu.2 uc003itv.2 uc011ckf.1 uc010irq.2 uc011ckg.1 uc011ckh.1)

ENST00000510835 ENST00000296521 ENST00000510901 ENST00000511499 ENST00000422112

ENST00000508330 ENST00000509512 ENST00000506910 ENST00000514584 ENST00000512410

ENST00000504433 ENST00000541923 ENST00000542498

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat HPGD using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate HPGD (see all 10):
		hsa-miR-4324 hsa-miR-218 hsa-miR-1297 hsa-miR-548t hsa-miR-544b hsa-miR-1252 hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-378*

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HPGD 3' UTR sequence

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): HPGD (NM_000860)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for HPGD
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		Addgene plasmids for HPGD

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HPGD OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for HPGD
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat HPGD
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat HPGD
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat HPGD

Additional mRNA sequence:

AK058013.1 AK296642.1 AK300125.1 AK300524.1 AK300940.1 AK314624.1 BC007691.2 BC018986.2

J05594.1 L76465.1 U63296.1 X82460.1

15 DOTS entries:

DT.100826238 DT.455971 DT.100826243 DT.100826235 DT.100849187 DT.97854774 DT.92458230 DT.100826239

DT.100826241 DT.121246202 DT.92458232 DT.95167318 DT.100675907 DT.121246228 DT.92458237

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 321):

BX378923 AI654080 BX396257 BM791047 AA149208 BM843261 CR604844 BX395647

BX397652 AU137292 CR608377 CR598443 AU139437 CB164778 AU134733 BC018986

AA047485 CR603356 CR594801 L76465 CR619023 CR606077 CR603849 BG564943

GeneLoc Exon Structure

Selected Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for HPGD (see all 6) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c
SP1:					-								-		-				-
SP2:					-
SP3:					-				-		-		-		-				-
SP4:					-								-		-
SP5:													-		-				-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for HPGD

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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HPGD expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: TGAGATTGAT

About this image

HPGD expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 22) fully expand


Kidney (Urinary System) fully expand to see all 6 entries
Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle
Proximal Tubule

Inner Cell Mass (Early Embryonic Tissues) fully expand to see all 4 entries
hIPS1

Bone (Muscoskeletal System) fully expand to see all 3 entries
Zeugopod Growth Plate
HyStem+BMP4-induced MEL2 cells

Thymus (Hematopoietic System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
T Helper Cells Thymus
Thymus

Epithelial Cells
Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle

HPGD Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

HPGD Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.596913

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428

Tissue specificity: Detected in colon epithelium (at protein level)

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for HPGD gene from Selected species (see all 14) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Hpgd^{1 , 5}	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15 (NAD)^{1, 5}	88.13(n)¹ 89.77(a)¹		8 (29.70 cM)⁵ 15446¹ NM_008278.2¹ NP_032304.2¹ 56294552⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	HPGD¹	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)	75.13(n) 73.48(a)		422567 NM_001277784.1 NP_001264713.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	HPGD⁶	hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)	61(a)	1 ↔ 1	3(143880941-143909974)
tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	Amphibia	Str.8168²	Transcribed sequence with moderate similarity to protein more	72.61(n)		CF591688.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	LOC565975¹	15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]-like	62.84(n) 57.09(a)		565975 XM_689239.5 XP_694331.5
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG4842³	oxidoreductase, acting on the CH-OH group of more	36(a) (best of 2)		--

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HPGD (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for HPGD (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for HPGD gene

DCXR² DECR2² CBR4² PECR² HSD17B14² DHRS2² HSD17B10² DHRS4²

BDH2² DHRS4L2² HSD17B8² DECR1²

6 SIMAP similar genes for HPGD using alignment to 6 protein entries: PGDH_HUMAN (see all proteins):

PGDH DHRS2 PECR RDH10 BDH2 CBR4

Find genes that share paralogs with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 4 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
VAR_046209⁴		Cranioosteoarthropathy (COA)⁴	--	see VAR_046209	2	A P	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
VAR_060792⁴		Isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC)⁴	--	see VAR_060792	2	S P	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
rs200179921^1,2	C	--	171181464(+)	`TTCAG-/AAAAAAA`	6	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs112838772^1,2	C	--	171185865(+)	`AAAATAGAC/- AGATG`	6	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs111659072^1,2	C	--	171189471(+)	`ATGGA-/T/TT TTTTT`	6	--	int¹		1		CSA	2
rs193182555^1,2		--	175182289(+)	`CCTGGA/GTCCAA`	6	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs17060524^1,2	C,F,H	--	175182404(+)	`TTTGCA/CTTCTC`	6	--	ds500¹		11		NA NS	960
rs45463992^1,2	C,F	--	175182441(-)	`TTTTGC/TTCTCT`	6	--	ds500¹		3		NS NA	210
rs13150727^1,2	H	--	175182658(+)	`TATATA/TCCATT`	6	--	ds500¹		4		NS EA	366
rs182831483^1,2	C	--	175182669(+)	`TACATG/TAGGAT`	6	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for HPGD (175411328 - 175444305 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 7 variations for HPGD: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
nsv881270	CNV	Loss	21882294
nsv509946	CNV	Loss	20534489
nsv880884	CNV	Loss	21882294
nsv880970	CNV	Loss	21882294
nsv881299	CNV	Loss	21882294
nsv880289	CNV	Gain	21882294
nsv525487	CNV	Gain	19592680

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): HPGD

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 601688
OMIM disorders: 259100 119900
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: PGDH_HUMAN, P15428

Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive, 1 (PHOAR1) [MIM:259100]: A disease

characterized by digital clubbing, periostosis, acroosteolysis, painful joint enlargement, and variable features

of pachydermia that include thickened facial skin and a thickened scalp. Other developmental anomalies include

delayed closure of the cranial sutures and congenital heart disease. Note=The disease is caused by mutations

affecting the gene represented in this entry

Cranioosteoarthropathy (COA) [MIM:259100]: A form of osteoarthropathy characterized by swelling of the

joints, digital clubbing, hyperhidrosis, delayed closure of the fontanels, periostosis, and variable patent

ductus arteriosus. Pachydermia is not a prominent feature. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the

gene represented in this entry

Isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC) [MIM:119900]: A rare genodermatosis characterized by enlargement

of the nail plate and terminal segments of the fingers and toes, resulting from proliferation of the connective

tissues between the nail matrix and the distal phalanx. It is usually symmetrical and bilateral (in some cases

unilateral). In nail clubbing usually the distal end of the nail matrix is relatively high compared to the

proximal end, while the nail plate is complete but its dimensions and diameter more or less vary in comparison to

normal. There may be different fingers and toes involved to varying degrees. Some fingers or toes are spared, but

the thumbs are almost always involved. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in

this entry

6 diseases for HPGD:
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primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, primary, autosomal recessive 1 isolated congenital digital clubbing primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, autosomal recessive

cranio osteoarthropathy chorioamnionitis

1 inferred disease relationship from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for HPGD:

Primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

Find genes that share disorders with HPGD About GenesLikeMe

Selected Novoseek inferred disease relationships for HPGD gene (see all 21) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
pachydermoperiostosis	59.6	4	20406614 (2), 20299379 (2), 19568269 (1)
chorioamnionitis	46.2	4	15970823 (1), 9062515 (1)
colon cancer	44.7	21	15574495 (5), 18593902 (2), 19501039 (2), 19820419 (1) (see all 11)
colon tumor	39.1	4	16880406 (2), 19887544 (1), 11352223 (1)
adenocarcinoma lung	37	4	16844092 (1), 15680906 (1), 16632868 (1), 17481556 (1)
labor premature	32.7	1	17327104 (1)
adenoma	26.9	11	16880406 (2), 19470469 (2), 15542609 (1), 20086108 (1)
bladder tumors	26.1	1	12954496 (1)
tumors	25.1	63	15358636 (5), 16885386 (4), 17481556 (4), 18593902 (3) (see all 28)
nsclc	24.9	13	19138967 (7), 17575121 (3), 15358636 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): HPGD
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: HPGD (12 documents)

Export disorders for HPGD gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for HPGD gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 197):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with HPGD)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Mechanism of cortisol/progesterone antagonism in the regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid levels in human chorion and placental trophoblast cells at term. (PubMed id 12788907)^{1, 2, 9} Patel F.A.... Challis J.R.G. (J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2003)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor type 1 and type 2 mediate differential effects on 15-hydroxy prostaglandin dehydrogenase expression in cultured human chorion trophoblasts. (PubMed id 17463062)^{1, 7, 9} Gao L....Ni X. (Endocrinology 2007)
Role of glutamine 148 of human 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in catalytic oxidation of prostaglandin E2. (PubMed id 16828555)^{1, 2, 9} Cho H.... Tai H.-H. (Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2006)
15-Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, a COX-2 oncogene antagonist, is a TGF-beta-induced suppressor of human gastrointestinal cancers. (PubMed id 15574495)^{1, 2, 9} Yan M.... Markowitz S.D. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004)
Mutation in the HPGD gene encoding NAD+ dependent 15- hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase underlies isolated congenital nail clubbing (ICNC). (PubMed id 18805827)^{1, 2, 9} Tariq M.... Ahmad W. (J. Med. Genet. 2009)
Site-directed mutagenesis of the conserved tyrosine 151 of human placental NAD(+)-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase yields a catalytically inactive enzyme. (PubMed id 2025296)^{1, 2, 9} Ensor C.M. and Tai H.-H. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991)
Genetic variation in prostaglandin E2 synthesis and signaling, prostaglandin dehydrogenase, and the risk of colorectal adenoma. (PubMed id 20086108)^{1, 4, 9} Poole E.M....Ulrich C.M. (amp 2010)
Mutations in 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase cause primary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. (PubMed id 18500342)^{1, 2, 9} Uppal S.... Bonthron D.T. (Nat. Genet. 2008)
Association of hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD) (HPGD) variants and colorectal cancer risk. (PubMed id 21047993)^{1, 4} Frank B....Nieters A. (Carcinogenesis 2011)
High-affinity inhibitors of human NAD-dependent 15- hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase: mechanisms of inhibition and structure-activity relationships. (PubMed id 21072165)^{1, 2} Niesen F.H.... Simeonov A. (PLoS ONE 2010)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 3248	HGNC: 5154	AceView: HPGD	Ensembl:ENSG00000164120	euGenes: HUgn3248
ECgene: HPGD	Kegg: 3248	H-InvDB: HPGD

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for HPGD	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/hpgd/

Intellectual Property for HPGD gene
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Patent Information for HPGD gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving HPGD

GeneCards and IP:
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Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)

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Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase 15-(NAD)

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