Aliases for HMGCS2 Gene
Aliases for HMGCS2 Gene
External Ids for HMGCS2 Gene
- HGNC: 5008
- Entrez Gene: 3158
- Ensembl: ENSG00000134240
- OMIM: 600234
- UniProtKB: P54868
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HMGCS2 Gene
- GC01M120737
- GC01M119128
- GC01M119438
- GC01M119637
- GC01M120003
- GC01M120092
- GC01M120290
- GC01M118149
Summaries for HMGCS2 Gene
-
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the HMG-CoA synthase family. It is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of ketogenesis, a metabolic pathway that provides lipid-derived energy for various organs during times of carbohydrate deprivation, such as fasting. Mutations in this gene are associated with HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]
GeneCards Summary for HMGCS2 Gene
HMGCS2 (3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Synthase 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HMGCS2 include Hmg-Coa Synthase-2 Deficiency and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression and Ketone body metabolism. GO annotations related to this gene include hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity. An important paralog of this gene is HMGCS1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HMGCS2 Gene
-
This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HMGCS2 Gene
Genomics for HMGCS2 Gene
Regulatory Elements for HMGCS2 Gene
Enhancers for HMGCS2 Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Enhancer Score | Enhancer Sources | Gene-Enhancer Score | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH01G119789 | 1 | ENCODE dbSUPER | 27.8 | -21.8 | -21757 | 2.4 | ELF3 SOX13 TFAP4 FOXA2 TAF1 TEAD4 MAX RAD21 RARA YY1 | HMGCS2 REG4 ADAM30 |
| GH01G119778 | 1.5 | Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 15.8 | -10.9 | -10850 | 2.3 | FOXA2 MLX YY1 FOS YY2 ZHX2 REST PPARG ZNF518A KAT8 | HMGCS2 REG4 |
| GH01G119782 | 1.4 | Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 16 | -16.5 | -16546 | 6.9 | PKNOX1 RAD21 RARA YY1 ZNF766 ZNF366 FOS U2AF2 CEBPB REST | PHGDH REG4 HMGCS2 ADAM30 LOC101929147 WARS2 |
| GH01G119772 | 1.3 | Ensembl ENCODE dbSUPER | 15.4 | -5.5 | -5457 | 4.2 | BCOR FOXA2 TAF1 CHD4 ZMYM3 ZNF384 YY1 ZNF664 GATA3 SCRT2 | HMGCS2 ADAM30 REG4 |
| GH01G119793 | 0.5 | dbSUPER | 27.3 | -25.8 | -25844 | 2.0 | ZFHX2 MAZ FOXA2 EGR2 | HMGCS2 ADAM30 PHGDH ZNF697 REG4 |
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around HMGCS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the HMGCS2 gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for HMGCS2 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 1
- Start:
- 119,747,996 bp from pter
- End:
- 119,769,125 bp from pter
- Size:
- 21,130 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HMGCS2 Gene
Genes around HMGCS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 1p12 by Ensembl
- 1p12 by Entrez Gene
- 1p12 by HGNC
HMGCS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HMGCS2 Gene
Proteins for HMGCS2 Gene
-
Protein details for HMGCS2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P54868-HMCS2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, mitochondrial
- Protein Accession:
- P54868
- B7Z8R3
- D3Y5K6
- Q5SZU2
- Q6IBF4
Protein attributes for HMGCS2 Gene
- Size:
- 508 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 56635 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer.
Protein Expression for HMGCS2 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for HMGCS2 Gene
- P54868:
-
- RPTGGAGAVAML
- VVCGDIA
- LAGSRIGAFSYGSGLAASF
- EVYFPAQYVDQT
- SYGSGLAASFFSF
- VDGKLSIQCYL
- VQKSLAR
- GNARPTGG
- YGCLASLL
- ESSSWDGRYA
- EDINSLCLTVV
- TNACYGGTA
- MGFCSVQED
- CYLRALD
- MIFHTPFCK
Post-translational modifications for HMGCS2 Gene
- Succinylated. Desuccinylated by SIRT5. Succinylation, at least at Lys-83 and Lys-310, inhibits the enzymatic activity.
- Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus
- Modification sites at neXtProt
Other Protein References for HMGCS2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
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- antibodies-online Antibodies for HMGCS2: See all 35
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-
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-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HMGCS2
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for HMGCS2
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HMGCS2
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HMGCS2
- antibodies-online Proteins for HMGCS2: See all 10
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- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HMGCS2
Assay Products
- antibodies-online Kits for HMGCS2: See all 10
Domains & Families for HMGCS2 Gene
Protein Domains for HMGCS2 Gene
- InterPro:
- Blocks:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HMGCS2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P54868- Family:
-
- Belongs to the HMG-CoA synthase family.
No data available for Gene Families for HMGCS2 Gene
Function for HMGCS2 Gene
Molecular function for HMGCS2 Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2,mitochondrial,first and regulating enzyme of ketogenic pathway,through association with PPARA
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- Acetyl-CoA + H(2)O + acetoacetyl-CoA = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + CoA.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- This enzyme condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA, which is the substrate for HMG-CoA reductase.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for HMGCS2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0004421 | hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016740 | transferase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for HMGCS2 Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HMGCS2:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Decreased viability in esophageal squamous lineage
- Decreased viability ratio
- Decreased human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) pseudovirus infection
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Increased shRNA abundance
- Downregulation of Wnt pathway after Wnt3A stimulation
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HMGCS2 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HMGCS2 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HMGCS2
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HMGCS2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HMGCS2
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HMGCS2
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HMGCS2
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for HMGCS2
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Clone Products
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Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for HMGCS2
-
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-
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-
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Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HMGCS2 Gene
Localization for HMGCS2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HMGCS2 Gene
- Mitochondrion.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| mitochondrion | 5 |
| peroxisome | 2 |
| cytosol | 2 |
| nucleus | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | TAS,IDA | -- |
| GO:0005743 | mitochondrial inner membrane | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005759 | mitochondrial matrix | TAS | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for HMGCS2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis | ||
| 2 | Ketone body metabolism |
.01
|
|
| 3 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 4 | Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) | ||
| 5 | Butanoate metabolism | ||
Pathways by source for HMGCS2 Gene
7 BioSystems pathways for HMGCS2 Gene
7 Reactome pathways for HMGCS2 Gene
6 KEGG pathways for HMGCS2 Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P54868-HMCS2_HUMAN
- Pathway: Metabolic intermediate biosynthesis; (R)-mevalonate biosynthesis; (R)-mevalonate from acetyl-CoA: step 2/3.
Interacting Proteins for HMGCS2 Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000358414
P54868-HMCS2_HUMAN
for HMGCS2 Gene via
STRING
MINT
IID
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0006629 | lipid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006694 | steroid biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006695 | cholesterol biosynthetic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008152 | metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0008202 | steroid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HMGCS2 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HMGCS2 Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coa |
|
1553-55-5 | ||||
| 7-dehydrocholesterol |
|
434-16-2 | ||||
| acetyl-coa |
|
72-89-9 |
|
Transcripts for HMGCS2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HMGCS2 Gene
- (3) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (10) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (185) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for HMGCS2 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HMGCS2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HMGCS2
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HMGCS2
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HMGCS2
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for HMGCS2
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-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HMGCS2 gene
Clone Products
- Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for HMGCS2
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- Addgene plasmids for HMGCS2
Flow Cytometry Products
| ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | ^ | 2 | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6a | · | 6b | ^ | 7a | · | 7b | ^ | 8a | · | 8b | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | ^ | 11a | · | 11b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SP1: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP2: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP3: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SP5: |
Expression for HMGCS2 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
- Brain (Nervous System)
-
Heart (Cardiovascular System)
- Atrioventricular Node Cells Atrioventricular Node
- Atrioventricular Canal Cells Atrioventricular Canal
- Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
- Kidney (Urinary System)
-
Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Pre-Granulosa Cells Primordial Follicle
- Spleen (Hematopoietic System)
- Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Bone (Muscoskeletal System)
- Pancreas (Endocrine System)
- NULL (Uncategorized)
-
Colon (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Stomach (Gastrointestinal Tract)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HMGCS2 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Liver (x32.3) and Colon - Transverse (x9.9).
This gene is overexpressed in Liver (39.1), Liver, secretome (8.5), and Fetal Liver (6.3).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for HMGCS2 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of HMGCS2 Gene:
HMGCS2SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HMGCS2 Gene:
Hs.59889mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HMGCS2 Gene:
P54868-HMCS2_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expression in liver is 200-fold higher than in any other tissue. Low expression in colon, kidney, testis, and pancreas. Very low expression in heart and skeletal muscle. Not detected in brain. The relative expression of isoform 3 (at mRNA level) is highest in heart (70%) and skeletal muscle (60%).
Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HMGCS2 Gene
- Liver(4.9)
- Nervous system(4.2)
- Intestine(2.4)
- Stomach(2.3)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HMGCS2 Gene
Germ Layers:
- ectoderm
- mesoderm
Systems:
- cardiovascular
- endocrine
- integumentary
- nervous
Organs:
Head and neck:
- brain
- ear
- head
Thorax:
- heart
Abdomen:
- adrenal gland
General:
- peripheral nerve
- peripheral nervous system
- skin
- sweat gland
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HMGCS2
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HMGCS2
No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners for HMGCS2 Gene
Orthologs for HMGCS2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | HMGCS2 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HMGCS2 34 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HMGCS2 34 35 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Hmgcs2 34 16 35 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Hmgcs2 34 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HMGCS2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | HMGCS2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | HMGCS2 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | HMGCS2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Hmgs 36 35 |
|
||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | F25B4.6 36 |
|
|
|
| hmgs-1 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | ERG13 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os.32782 34 |
|
||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.9481 35 |
|
OneToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for HMGCS2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Paralogs for HMGCS2 Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for HMGCS2 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:
Variants for HMGCS2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 01 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs137852636 | Pathogenic, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 deficiency (HMGCS2D) [MIM:605911] | 119,764,211(-) | CCCTC(C/T)TCAAT | reference, missense | |
| rs137852638 | other, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 deficiency (HMGCS2D) [MIM:605911] | 119,759,915(-) | GGGCC(A/G)GAGCT | intron-variant, reference, missense | |
| rs137852639 | Pathogenic, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 deficiency (HMGCS2D) [MIM:605911] | 119,750,830(-) | GCATC(A/G)CCGAA | reference, missense | |
| rs137852640 | Pathogenic, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 deficiency (HMGCS2D) [MIM:605911] | 119,764,231(-) | CTGCT(A/G)CGGTG | reference, missense | |
| rs28937320 | Pathogenic, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 deficiency (HMGCS2D) [MIM:605911] | 119,764,571(-) | AGGAC(A/G)TGGGC | reference, missense |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
20.8% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
1.69;
32.25% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for HMGCS2 Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HMGCS2 Gene
Disorders for HMGCS2 Gene
(2) MalaCards diseases for HMGCS2 Gene - From: OMIM, ClinVar, GeneTests, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, and GeneCards
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| hmg-coa synthase-2 deficiency |
|
|
| smith-lemli-opitz syndrome |
|
|
Search HMGCS2 in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
HMCS2_HUMAN- 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 deficiency (HMGCS2D) [MIM:605911]: A metabolic disorder characterized by severe hypoketotic hypoglycemia, encephalopathy, and hepatomegaly. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:11228257, ECO:0000269 PubMed:11479731, ECO:0000269 PubMed:12647205}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Genatlas disease for HMGCS2 Gene
defective ketogenesis with recurrent hypoketotic hypoglycemia during fasting
Relevant External Links for HMGCS2
Publications for HMGCS2 Gene
- Genetic basis of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase deficiency. (PMID: 11479731) Aledo R. … Hegardt F.G. (Hum. Genet. 2001) 3 4 22 64
- Molecular cloning and tissue expression of human mitochondrial 3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase. (PMID: 7893153) Mascaro C. … Hegardt F.G. (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1995) 2 3 4 64
- Human mitochondrial HMG CoA synthase: liver cDNA and partial genomic cloning, chromosome mapping to 1p12-p13, and possible role in vertebrate evolution. (PMID: 7851882) Boukaftane Y. … Mitchell G.A. (Genomics 1994) 2 3 4 64
- Characterization of splice variants of the genes encoding human mitochondrial HMG-CoA lyase and HMG-CoA synthase, the main enzymes of the ketogenesis pathway. (PMID: 21952825) Puisac B. … Pie J. (Mol. Biol. Rep. 2012) 3 4 64
- Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PMID: 20628086) Bailey S.D. … Anand S. (Diabetes Care 2010) 3 46 64
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for HMGCS2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
- (124) Orphanet
- (125) UMLS
- (126) GTR
- (127) Disease Ontology
- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer