Aliases for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Aliases for HLA-DQA2 Gene
External Ids for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- HGNC: 4943
- Entrez Gene: 3118
- Ensembl: ENSG00000237541
- OMIM: 613503
- UniProtKB: P01906
Previous HGNC Symbols for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- HLA-DXA
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- GC06P032711
- GC06P032479
- GC06P032756
- GC06P032817
- GC06P032709
Summaries for HLA-DQA2 Gene
-
This gene belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain family. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with a class II beta chain. It is located in intracellular vesicles and plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages) and are used to present antigenic peptides on the cell surface to be recognized by CD4 T-cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]
GeneCards Summary for HLA-DQA2 Gene
HLA-DQA2 (Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Alpha 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HLA-DQA2 include Autoimmune Disease Of Gastrointestinal Tract and Podoconiosis. Among its related pathways are ICos-ICosL Pathway in T-Helper Cell and CTLA4 Signaling. GO annotations related to this gene include MHC class II receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is HLA-DQA1.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HLA-DQA2 Gene
-
Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Genomics for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Regulatory Elements for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 6
- Start:
- 32,741,342 bp from pter
- End:
- 32,747,215 bp from pter
- Size:
- 5,874 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
Genomic View for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 6p21.32 by Ensembl
- 6p21.32 by Entrez Gene
- 6p21.32 by HGNC
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Proteins for HLA-DQA2 Gene
-
Protein details for HLA-DQA2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P01906-DQA2_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain
- Protein Accession:
- P01906
- A2BF37
- B0V0E7
- O19789
- Q5SQ94
- Q5SR04
Protein attributes for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- Size:
- 255 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 28033 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit; also referred as MHC class II molecule. Dimer formation with HLA-DQB2, but not with HLA-DQB1, is required for efficient exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In the ER, forms a heterononamer; 3 MHC class II molecules bind to a CD74 homotrimer (also known as invariant chain or HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain). In the endosomal/lysosomal system; CD74 undergoes sequential degradation by various proteases; leaving a small fragment termed CLIP on each MHC class II molecule. MHC class II molecule interacts with HLA_DM, and HLA_DO in B-cells, in order to release CLIP and facilitate the binding of antigenic peptides. Association with HLA-DMA also occurs in skin Langerhans cells, in post-Golgi compartments.
Protein Expression for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Post-translational modifications for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Other Protein References for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HLA-DQA2
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HLA-DQA2
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HLA-DQA2: See all 62
- GeneTex HLA-DQA2 antibody for HLA-DQA2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HLA-DQA2
Protein Products
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HLA-DQA2
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- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HLA-DQA2
-
Abcam proteins for HLA-DQA2
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Domains & Families for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Gene Families for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Protein Domains for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P01906- Family:
-
- Belongs to the MHC class II family.
Function for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Molecular function for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- HLA-DQ,alpha chain-related,not known to be expressed
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for presentation via MHC II molecules, and for this reason this antigen presentation pathway is usually referred to as exogenous. As membrane proteins on their way to degradation in lysosomes as part of their normal turn-over are also contained in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments, exogenous antigens must compete with those derived from endogenous components. Autophagy is also a source of endogenous peptides, autophagosomes constitutively fuse with MHC class II loading compartments. In addition to APCs, other cells of the gastrointestinal tract, such as epithelial cells, express MHC class II molecules and CD74 and act as APCs, which is an unusual trait of the GI tract. To produce a MHC class II molecule that presents an antigen, three MHC class II molecules (heterodimers of an alpha and a beta chain) associate with a CD74 trimer in the ER to form a heterononamer. Soon after the entry of this complex into the endosomal/lysosomal system where antigen processing occurs, CD74 undergoes a sequential degradation by various proteases, including CTSS and CTSL, leaving a small fragment termed CLIP (class-II-associated invariant chain peptide). The removal of CLIP is facilitated by HLA-DM via direct binding to the alpha-beta-CLIP complex so that CLIP is released. HLA-DM stabilizes MHC class II molecules until primary high affinity antigenic peptides are bound. The MHC II molecule bound to a peptide is then transported to the cell membrane surface. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. Primary dendritic cells (DCs) also to express HLA-DO. Lysosomal microenvironment has been implicated in the regulation of antigen loading into MHC II molecules, increased acidification produces increased proteolysis and efficient peptide loading.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0032395 | MHC class II receptor activity | NAS | 3036828 |
Phenotypes for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HLA-DQA2:
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DQA2 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DQA2
CRISPR Products
- Browse CRISPR knockouts for HLA-DQA2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HLA-DQA2
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HLA-DQA2
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DQA2
Inhibitory RNA Products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DQA2 gene
Clone Products
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for HLA-DQA2
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HLA-DQA2 gene
-
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Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Localization for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=The MHC class II complex transits through a number of intracellular compartments in the endocytic pathway until it reaches the cell membrane for antigen presentation.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0000139 | Golgi membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005764 | lysosome | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005765 | lysosomal membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005768 | endosome | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005783 | endoplasmic reticulum | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for HLA-DQA2 Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Allograft rejection |
.44
|
|
| 2 | Th17 cell differentiation | ||
| 3 | Translocation of ZAP-70 to Immunological synapse |
.71
|
|
| 4 | ICos-ICosL Pathway in T-Helper Cell | ||
| 5 | TCR Signaling (Qiagen) |
.68
|
|
Pathways by source for HLA-DQA2 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for HLA-DQA2 Gene
13 Reactome pathways for HLA-DQA2 Gene
24 KEGG pathways for HLA-DQA2 Gene
6 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for HLA-DQA2 Gene
12 Qiagen pathways for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Interacting Proteins for HLA-DQA2 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0002376 | immune system process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0002504 | antigen processing and presentation of peptide or polysaccharide antigen via MHC class II | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006955 | immune response | NAS | 3036828 |
| GO:0019882 | antigen processing and presentation | IEA | -- |
| GO:0019886 | antigen processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II | TAS | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HLA-DQA2 Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insulin Pork | Approved | Pharma | Target | 0 |
Transcripts for HLA-DQA2 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (548) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (1) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
CRISPR Products
- Browse CRISPR knockouts for HLA-DQA2
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HLA-DQA2
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HLA-DQA2
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DQA2
Inhibitory RNA Products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DQA2 gene
Clone Products
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for HLA-DQA2 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for HLA-DQA2 Gene
mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HLA-DQA2 Gene:
P01906-DQA2_HUMANEvidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- Blood(2.9)
- Intestine(2.8)
- Kidney(2.2)
- Spleen(2.2)
Primer Products
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , Protein tissue co-expression partners and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Orthologs for HLA-DQA2 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PATR-DQA2 34 |
|
||
| HLA-DQA2 35 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | DLA-DQA1 34 |
|
||
| DLA-DQA 35 |
|
OneToMany | |||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | BOLA-DQA5 34 35 |
|
||
| BOLA-DQA1 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| BOLA-DQA2 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | H2-Aa 35 |
|
OneToMany | |
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | -- 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| -- 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | LOC100495492 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | si:ch1073-403i13.1 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| si:zfos-367g9.1 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| si:ch73-211l2.3 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| si:busm1-228j01.5 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| CU914776.1 35 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for HLA-DQA2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rat (Rattus norvegicus)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Paralogs for HLA-DQA2 Gene
(34) SIMAP similar genes for HLA-DQA2 Gene using alignment to 3 proteins:
- HLA-DQA1
- DQA1-0103
- DQ-A1
- HLA-DQA1/DRA
- HLA-DPA1
- HLA-DRA1
- HLA-DRA
- HLA-DOA
- HLA-DMA
- HLA-DQB1*06x
- HLA-DPB1
- HLA-DRB5
- HLA-DP
- HLA-DRB3
- HLA-DQB1
- HLA-DQB2
- HLA-DPB
- B2M
- HLA-DRB1
- HLA-DRB4
- HLA-DR-beta1
- HLA-DR-beta 1
- HLA-DQB1/DRB1
- DMA
- HLA-DRB2
- HLA-DQ-beta
- DRB1
- HLA-Dw12
- HLA-DRw12
- HLA-DR
- HLA-DQB
- HLA-DQ
- HLA-D
- HLA-DMB
Variants for HLA-DQA2 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 06 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs1000207156 | -- | 32,743,282(+) | GCTCA(C/T)AAGTC | intron-variant | |
| rs1000578913 | -- | 32,743,618(+) | CAGCA(A/G)CACTT | intron-variant | |
| rs1001853244 | -- | 32,745,144(+) | TTGTC(A/G)CCTTC | intron-variant | |
| rs1003624784 | -- | 32,742,662(+) | TCACC(C/T)GCTTC | intron-variant | |
| rs1003899086 | -- | 32,743,628(+) | TAGCA(C/T)CCAGG | intron-variant |
| Variant ID | Type | Subtype | PubMed ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| dgv10472n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| dgv10490n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| dgv10549n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| dgv10586n54 | CNV | loss | 21841781 |
| dgv1113e199 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| dgv999e201 | CNV | deletion | 23290073 |
| esv21985 | CNV | gain+loss | 19812545 |
| esv2670072 | CNV | deletion | 23128226 |
| esv32761 | CNV | loss | 17666407 |
| esv6650 | CNV | loss | 19470904 |
| nsv1073969 | CNV | deletion | 25765185 |
| nsv1112900 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv1119076 | CNV | deletion | 24896259 |
| nsv428142 | CNV | gain+loss | 18775914 |
| nsv511120 | OTHER | complex | 20534489 |
| nsv602240 | CNV | gain | 21841781 |
| nsv602758 | CNV | gain+loss | 21841781 |
| nsv830632 | CNV | loss | 17160897 |
Relevant External Links for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
- HLA-DQA2
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Disorders for HLA-DQA2 Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| autoimmune disease of gastrointestinal tract |
|
|
| podoconiosis |
|
|
| narcolepsy |
|
|
Relevant External Links for HLA-DQA2
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HLA-DQA2 Gene
Publications for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- HLA-DQA2 and HLA-DQB2 genes are specifically expressed in human Langerhans cells and encode a new HLA class II molecule. (PMID: 22407913) Lenormand C. … Tourne S. (J. Immunol. 2012) 3 4 64
- Examination of genetic polymorphisms in newborns for signatures of sex-specific prenatal selection. (PMID: 20587610) Ucisik-Akkaya E. … Dorak M.T. (Mol. Hum. Reprod. 2010) 3 46 64
- Genome-wide association study of asthma identifies RAD50-IL13 and HLA-DR/DQ regions. (PMID: 20159242) Li X. … Bleecker E.R. (J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010) 3 46 64
- New sequence variants in HLA class II/III region associated with susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis identified by genome-wide association study. (PMID: 20305777) Nakajima M. … Ikegawa S. (PLoS ONE 2010) 3 46 64
- Genome-wide association study identifies new HLA class II haplotypes strongly protective against narcolepsy. (PMID: 20711174) Hor H. … Tafti M. (Nat. Genet. 2010) 3 46 64
Products for HLA-DQA2 Gene
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- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HLA-DQA2
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- Invitrogen Antibodies for HLA-DQA2
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HLA-DQA2 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DQA2 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DQA2
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HLA-DQA2
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- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HLA-DQA2
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- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for HLA-DQA2
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for HLA-DQA2
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for HLA-DQA2
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for HLA-DQA2 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
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