Aliases for HLA-DOB Gene
Aliases for HLA-DOB Gene
External Ids for HLA-DOB Gene
- HGNC: 4937
- Entrez Gene: 3112
- Ensembl: ENSG00000241106
- OMIM: 600629
- UniProtKB: P13765
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HLA-DOB Gene
- GC06M032777
- GC06M032551
- GC06M032827
- GC06M032888
- GC06M032523
Summaries for HLA-DOB Gene
-
HLA-DOB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DOA) and a beta chain (DOB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DO suppresses peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by inhibiting HLA-DM. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for HLA-DOB Gene
HLA-DOB (Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DO Beta) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are CTLA4 Signaling and HTLV-I infection. GO annotations related to this gene include MHC class II protein complex binding and MHC class II receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is HLA-DMA.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HLA-DOB Gene
-
Important modulator in the HLA class II restricted antigen presentation pathway by interaction with the HLA-DM molecule in B-cells. Modifies peptide exchange activity of HLA-DM.
No data available for Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HLA-DOB Gene
Genomics for HLA-DOB Gene
Regulatory Elements for HLA-DOB Gene
Enhancers for HLA-DOB Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Score | Enhancer Sources | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Other Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|
Enhancers around HLA-DOB on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Promoters for HLA-DOB Gene
| Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) | TSS Distance (bp) | Size (bp) | Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters |
|---|
ENSRs around HLA-DOB on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the HLA-DOB gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for HLA-DOB Gene
- Chromosome:
- 6
- Start:
- 32,812,763 bp from pter
- End:
- 32,817,048 bp from pter
- Size:
- 4,286 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HLA-DOB Gene
Genes around HLA-DOB on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 6p21.32 by Ensembl
- 6p21.3 by Entrez Gene
- 6p21.3 by HGNC
HLA-DOB Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HLA-DOB Gene
Proteins for HLA-DOB Gene
-
Protein details for HLA-DOB Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P13765-DOB_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain
- Protein Accession:
- P13765
- B0V0Y0
- Q29746
- Q29825
- Q6FHC2
Protein attributes for HLA-DOB Gene
- Size:
- 273 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 30822 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Heterodimer of an alpha chain (DOA) and a beta chain (DOB). Forms a heterotetrameric complex with an HLA-DM molecule during intracellular transport in endosomal/lysosomal compartments in B-cells.
Protein Expression for HLA-DOB Gene
Post-translational modifications for HLA-DOB Gene
Other Protein References for HLA-DOB Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
-
Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- Abcam antibodies for HLA DOB
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HLA-DOB: See all 34
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for HLA-DOB
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HLA-DOB
Protein Products
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HLA-DOB
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HLA-DOB
- antibodies-online Proteins for HLA-DOB: See all 4
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HLA-DOB
- Abcam proteins for HLA DOB
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for HLA-DOB Gene
Domains & Families for HLA-DOB Gene
Gene Families for HLA-DOB Gene
Protein Domains for HLA-DOB Gene
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HLA-DOB Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
-
- Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta (A2ACQ8_HUMAN)
- Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta (A2ADX4_HUMAN)
- Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta (B0V0S3_HUMAN)
- Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta (B0V0Y1_HUMAN)
- Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta (B0V2J6_HUMAN)
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P13765UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
DOB_HUMAN :- Contains 1 Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
- Belongs to the MHC class II family.
- Domain:
-
- Contains 1 Ig-like C1-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the MHC class II family.
Function for HLA-DOB Gene
Molecular function for HLA-DOB Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- HLA-DO,alpha chain,expressed in B cell lysosomes,heterodimerizing with HLA-DNA to form HLA-DO,acting as a co-chaperone of HLA-DM in peptide loading of MHC class II molecules
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Important modulator in the HLA class II restricted antigen presentation pathway by interaction with the HLA-DM molecule in B-cells. Modifies peptide exchange activity of HLA-DM.
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for HLA-DOB Gene
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
CRISPR Products
- Browse CRISPR knockouts for HLA-DOB
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HLA-DOB
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HLA-DOB
miRNA for HLA-DOB Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target HLA-DOB
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
Inhibitory RNA Products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for HLA-DOB
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HLA-DOB gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Human Phenotype Ontology , Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HLA-DOB Gene
Localization for HLA-DOB Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HLA-DOB Gene
- Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=Complexes with HLA-DM molecule during intracellular transport and in endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Heterotetramerization is necessary to exit the ER.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 3 |
| extracellular | 2 |
| cytosol | 1 |
| lysosome | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| vacuole | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005622 | intracellular | IEA | -- |
| GO:0005765 | lysosomal membrane | TAS | -- |
| GO:0016020 | membrane | IEA | -- |
Pathways & Interactions for HLA-DOB Gene
More details on SuperPathways for HLA-DOB| Superpath | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Allograft rejection |
.44
|
|
| 2 | ICos-ICosL Pathway in T-Helper Cell | ||
| 3 | TCR Signaling (Qiagen) |
.68
|
|
| 4 | Immune response Antigen presentation by MHC class II | ||
| 5 | Immune response NFAT in immune response |
Pathways by source for HLA-DOB Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for HLA-DOB Gene
3 Reactome pathways for HLA-DOB Gene
20 KEGG pathways for HLA-DOB Gene
6 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) pathways for HLA-DOB Gene
12 Qiagen pathways for HLA-DOB Gene
Interacting Proteins for HLA-DOB Gene
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HLA-DOB Gene
Transcripts for HLA-DOB Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HLA-DOB Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (8) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (65) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (4) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for HLA-DOB Gene
CRISPR Products
- Browse CRISPR knockouts for HLA-DOB
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HLA-DOB
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HLA-DOB
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
Inhibitory RNA Products
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for HLA-DOB
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for HLA-DOB Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Skeletal Muscle (Muscoskeletal System)
- Muscle Progenitor Cells Mandibular Arch Muscles
- Muscle Progenitor Cells Hyoid Arch Muscles
-
Blood (Hematopoietic System)
- Mature B-Cells Peripheral Blood
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HLA-DOB Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Spleen (x11.7), Whole Blood (x5.5), and Small Intestine - Terminal Ileum (x4.7).
This gene is overexpressed in Blymphocyte (37.3), Lymph node (14.4), and Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (11.2).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for HLA-DOB Gene
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HLA-DOB Gene Hs.1802
- Elite partner
Primer Products
No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HLA-DOB Gene
Orthologs for HLA-DOB Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of mammals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | BOLA-DOB 35 |
|
||
| BOLA-DOB 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | DLA-DOB 35 |
|
||
| DLA-DOB 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | H2-Ob 35 |
|
||
| H2-Ob 16 |
|
||||
| H2-Ob 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | PATR-DOB 35 |
|
||
| PATR-DOB 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | RT1-DOb 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HLA-DOB 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | -- 36 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species with no ortholog for HLA-DOB:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
- zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Paralogs for HLA-DOB Gene
Paralogs for HLA-DOB Gene
(106) SIMAP similar genes for HLA-DOB Gene using alignment to 6 proteins:
- HLA DRB4
- HLA-DQB1I
- HLA-DRB4*0102
- HLA-DQB1*06new1
- MHC class II HLA-DRB1 Exon-2
- HLA-DQB1*03
- HLA-DQB1/DRB1
- HLA-DRB13
- HLA-DR4/Dw13
- HLA-DQB1*05
- HLA-DRB4
- DQB1.SLE
- HLQ-DQB1
- DQB1
- HLA-DR-beta 1
- HLA-DQB1*06x
- MHC-DPB1*6001
- HLADRB1
- HLA-DRBI*1303
- HLA-DRB3*01
- HLA-DRB14
- HLA-DR beta
- DRB1*0405V3
- DQB1-02
- HLA-DQ
- HLA-DR4
- HLA DQB1
- HLA-DRB1*1605
- HLA-DRB3
- HLA-DQB3
- HLA-DB1
- HLA-DQB
- HLA-DQB1
- HLA-DRB2
- HLA-DR4I
- MHC Class II HLA DRB1
- HLA-DRB1*1327
- HLA DRB1 gene
- DRB1 HAG
- HLA-Dw12
- HLA-DQ-beta
- HLA-DQ3
- HLA-DQB2
- HLA-DRB1*
- HLA-DBR1
- MHC class II HLA DRB1
- HLA-DRB1*0801
- HLA-DRB1*04
- HLA-DR3
- DRB52
- HLA-DQB1*05
- HLA-DRB
- HLA-DRB5
- HLA-DRB1*11
- HLA-D8.2V
- DRB1*08
- DQB1*0603
- DPB1
- HLA-DPB1
- HLA-DR
- DRB1*1303
- DRB1*11
- HLA DRB1
- DRB1
- HLA-DR15
- HLA-DRB1
- HLA-D
- MHC class II HLA DRB1-0305
- HLA-DRBI
- DRB1*13PL
- HLA-DR-beta1
- HLA-DRB1*1324
- HLA-DRw12
- HLA-DPB
- HLA-DRB7
- HLA-DRB4* variant allele
- HLA-DRB11
- HLA-DRB1*1125
- HLA-DRB1*0818
- DRB4
- HLA-DP
- HLA DRB1*1202
- HLA-DR08
- HLA-DRB1-0811
- HLA-DRB1*1302Var
- HLA
- DRB1*LY10
- MHC class II HLA-DRB1*1315
- MHC DPB1
- HLA-DRB1-11
- HLA-DRB1*08
- HLA-DR-beta
- HLA-DRB52
- DRB1*1116
- HLA-DRB1-1113
- HLA-C
- HLA-A
- IGLC1
- HLA-DRB9
- C1 segment
- HLA-DMB
- HLA-A*0201V3
- B2M
- IGLC7
- IGLC6
- DKFZp667J0810
Variants for HLA-DOB Gene
Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HLA-DOB Gene
- DOB_HUMAN-P13765
- The following alleles of DOB are known: DOB*01:01, DOB*01:02, DOB*01:03 and DOB*01:04. The sequence shown is that of DOB*01:01.
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 06 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs2071554 | - | 32,816,899(-) | GACCC(A/G)ACTGG | reference, missense | |
| rs2621330 | - | 32,813,747(-) | GAATC(A/G)TCATC | reference, missense | |
| rs2070121 | - | 32,813,777(-) | TCCTA(A/C/T)TTGGG | reference, missense | |
| rs11575907 | - | 32,814,335(-) | GCCCT(A/G)TTTCT | reference, missense | |
| rs5024480 | -- | 32,814,251(+) | AAGTG(A/C)CACAG | intron-variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
62% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
6.50;
77.59% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
No data available for Relevant External Links for HLA-DOB Gene
Disorders for HLA-DOB Gene
Relevant External Links for HLA-DOB
No disorders were found for HLA-DOB Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HLA-DOB Gene
Publications for HLA-DOB Gene
- The HLA-DOB gene displays limited polymorphism with only one amino acid substitution. (PMID: 12445321) Naruse T.K. … Tatsumi N. (Tissue Antigens 2002) 3 4 23 67
- Ectopic expression of HLA-DO in mouse dendritic cells diminishes MHC class II antigen presentation. (PMID: 15265882) Fallas J.L. … Denzin L.K. (J. Immunol. 2004) 3 23
- Class II transactivator is required for maximal expression of HLA-DOB in B cells. (PMID: 11823510) Nagarajan U.M. … Boss J.M. (J. Immunol. 2002) 3 23
- Association of polymorphisms in HLA antigen presentation-related genes with the outcomes of HCV infection. (PMID: 25874709) Huang P. … Su J. (PLoS ONE 2015) 3
- The activity of Nef on HIV-1 infectivity. (PMID: 24904546) Basmaciogullari S. … Pizzato M. (Front Microbiol 2014) 3
Products for HLA-DOB Gene
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- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
- Browse ELISAs
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- Custom Antibody ServicesOriGene Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HLA-DOB
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HLA-DOB
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HLA-DOB
- Browse OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards
- Browse CRISPR knockouts for HLA-DOB
- OriGene clones in human for HLA-DOB
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- GenScript: Next-day shipping cDNA clones in your preferred vector
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- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HLA-DOB
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
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- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for HLA-DOB
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Abcam antibodies for HLA DOB
- Abcam proteins for HLA DOB
- Search for Assays for HLA-DOB at Abcam
- Find your target
- Search knockout validated antibodies
- Browse monoclonal antibodies
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HLA-DOB: See all 34
- Search antibodies-online for kits
- antibodies-online Proteins for HLA-DOB: See all 4
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HLA-DOB
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HLA-DOB gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HLA-DOB gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HLA-DOB
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HLA-DOB
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for HLA-DOB siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HLA-DOB
Sources for HLA-DOB Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) I2D
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) RNAdb
- (30) ASD
- (31) ECgene
- (32) GeneAnnot
- (33) SAGE
- (34) SOURCE
- (35) HomoloGene
- (36) PanEnsembl
- (37) euGenes
- (38) SGD
- (39) FlyBase
- (40) WormBase
- (41) Pseudogene
- (42) DGV
- (43) dbSNP
- (44) HapMap
- (45) GenAtlas
- (46) GeneTests
- (47) HGMD
- (48) GAD
- (49) LSDB
- (50) BGMUT
- (51) HuGE
- (52) eBioscience
- (53) Atlas
- (54) Cell Signaling Technology
- (55) GenBank
- (56) H-invDB
- (57) HORDE
- (58) HUGE
- (59) IMGT
- (60) Leiden
- (61) MILLIPORE
- (62) miRBase
- (63) DME
- (64) Nature
- (65) NCBI
- (66) OriGene
- (67) PubMed
- (68) R&D Systems
- (69) Salk
- (70) TGDB
- (71) Tufts
- (72) YEDA
- (73) CROW21
- (74) Tocris
- (75) Abcam
- (76) Novus
- (77) ProSpec
- (78) Sino Biological
- (79) GenScript
- (80) Qiagen
- (81) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (82) Enzo Life Sciences
- (83) OCA
- (84) Proteopedia
- (85) MOPED
- (86) SPIRE
- (87) neXtProt
- (88) Reactome
- (89) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (90) fRNAdb
- (91) DISEASES
- (92) SIMAP
- (93) GenomeRNAi
- (94) LifeMap
- (95) miRTarBase
- (96) MalaCards
- (97) Invitrogen
- (98) BitterDB
- (99) Vector BioLabs
- (100) ESI-BIO
- (101) RefSeq
- (102) BioSystems
- (103) MaxQB
- (104) IUPHAR
- (105) BioGPS
- (106) Illumina
- (107) COMPARTMENTS
- (108) HOMER
- (109) PaxDb
- (110) ApexBio
- (111) Addgene
- (112) Advanced Cell Diagnostics
- (113) antibodies-online
- (114) CYP
- (115) NONCODE
- (116) SwitchGear Genomics
- (117) TreeFam
- (118) PathCards
- (119) GeneReviews
- (120) GeneTex
- (121) Taconic Biosciences
- (122) GTEx
- (123) ProteomicsDB
- (124) SCBT
- (125) DGIdb
- (126) ClinicalTrials
- (127) FDA Approved Drugs
- (128) RVIS
- (129) SIGNOR
- (130) diseasecard
- (131) NIH Rare Diseases
- (132) Orphanet
- (133) UMLS
- (134) GTR
- (135) Disease Ontology
- (136) Genetics Home Reference
- (137) MeSH
- (138) MedlinePlus
- (139) CDC
- (140) NINDS
- (141) NCBI Bookshelf
- (142) ClinVar
- (143) Gene Damage Index
- (144) ViGene Biosciences
- (145) HPO
- (146) UDN
- (147) VISTA
- (148) FANTOM5
- (149) ENCODE
- (150) ProSci
- (151) Horizon