Aliases for HDC Gene
External Ids for HDC Gene
- HGNC: 4855
- Entrez Gene: 3067
- Ensembl: ENSG00000140287
- OMIM: 142704
- UniProtKB: P19113
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HDC Gene
- GC15M046091
- GC15M043580
- GC15M048113
- GC15M048250
- GC15M048321
- GC15M050534
- GC15M027365
Summaries for HDC Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the group II decarboxylase family and forms a homodimer that converts L-histidine to histamine in a pyridoxal phosphate dependent manner. Histamine regulates several physiologic processes, including neurotransmission, gastric acid secretion,inflamation, and smooth muscle tone.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]
GeneCards Summary for HDC Gene
HDC (Histidine Decarboxylase) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with HDC include Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome and Mast Cell Neoplasm. Among its related pathways are Histidine metabolism and Viral mRNA Translation. GO annotations related to this gene include pyridoxal phosphate binding and histidine decarboxylase activity. An important paralog of this gene is DDC.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HDC Gene
-
Catalyzes the biosynthesis of histamine from histidine.
No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HDC Gene
Genomics for HDC Gene
Regulatory Elements for HDC Gene
Enhancers for HDC Gene
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association
Download GeneHancer data dump
Enhancers around HDC on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the HDC gene promoter:
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for HDC Gene
- Chromosome:
- 15
- Start:
- 50,241,945 bp from pter
- End:
- 50,266,091 bp from pter
- Size:
- 24,147 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HDC Gene
Genes around HDC on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 15q21.2 by Ensembl
- 15q21.2 by Entrez Gene
- 15q21.2 by HGNC
HDC Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HDC Gene
Proteins for HDC Gene
-
Protein details for HDC Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P19113-DCHS_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Histidine decarboxylase
- Protein Accession:
- P19113
- A1L4G0
- B7ZM01
Protein attributes for HDC Gene
- Size:
- 662 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 74141 Da
- Cofactor:
- Name=pyridoxal 5-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326;
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer.
Protein Expression for HDC Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for HDC Gene
- P19113:
-
- SDQAHSSVE
- PSLLGDMLADAINCLGFTWASSPACTELE
- QLPCCPL
- SPACTELE
- HWQSPHMHAY
- NFSLRGEALQKAI
- DFMHWQIPLSRRFR
Post-translational modifications for HDC Gene
Other Protein References for HDC Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- EMD Millipore Complete listing of Mono and Polychlonal Antibodies for HDC
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HDC
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for HDC
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HDC
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HDC: See all 49
- GeneTex HDC antibody for HDC
Protein Products
-
OriGene Purified Proteins for HDC
- Search Origene for MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HDC
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HDC
-
Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for HDC
- antibodies-online Proteins for HDC: See all 17
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HDC
Domains & Families for HDC Gene
Gene Families for HDC Gene
- IUPHAR :
Protein Domains for HDC Gene
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HDC Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P19113- Family:
-
- Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.
Function for HDC Gene
Molecular function for HDC Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- histidine decarboxylase,brain,catalyzing the histidine synthesis
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot BiophysicochemicalProperties:
- Kinetic parameters: KM=0.1 mM for histidine {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22767596}; Vmax=1880 nmol/min/mg enzyme {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22767596};
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- L-histidine = histamine + CO(2).
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Catalyzes the biosynthesis of histamine from histidine.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for HDC Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0003824 | catalytic activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0004398 | histidine decarboxylase activity | TAS | -- |
| GO:0005515 | protein binding | IPI | 25416956 |
| GO:0016829 | lyase activity | IEA | -- |
| GO:0016831 | carboxy-lyase activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for HDC Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for HDC:
- inferred from 3 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HDC:
Animal Models for HDC Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for HDC:
-
- Hdc tm1Nagy
Animal Model Products
- Taconic Biosciences: Generate A Custom CRISPR Mouse Model For Your Study
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HDC gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HDC gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HDC
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HDC
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HDC
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HDC
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HDC
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for HDC
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HDC
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HDC gene
Cell Line Products
-
Horizon Cell Lines for HDC
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HDC gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HDC gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HDC gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Human Phenotype Ontology , miRNA , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HDC Gene
Localization for HDC Gene
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| cytosol | 5 |
| nucleus | 2 |
| extracellular | 1 |
| mitochondrion | 1 |
| peroxisome | 1 |
| endoplasmic reticulum | 1 |
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
No data available for Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HDC Gene
Pathways & Interactions for HDC Gene
| SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Histidine metabolism | ||
| 2 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
| 3 | Histidine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline and tryptophan catabolism | ||
| 4 | Viral mRNA Translation | ||
| 5 | Amino Acid metabolism | ||
Pathways by source for HDC Gene
3 BioSystems pathways for HDC Gene
2 KEGG pathways for HDC Gene
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P19113-DCHS_HUMAN
- Pathway: Amine and polyamine biosynthesis; histamine biosynthesis; histamine from L-histidine: step 1/1.
Interacting Proteins for HDC Gene
Selected Interacting proteins:
ENSP00000267845
P19113-DCHS_HUMAN
for HDC Gene via
STRING
IID
UniProtKB
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0001694 | histamine biosynthetic process | TAS | -- |
| GO:0006520 | cellular amino acid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
| GO:0006547 | histidine metabolic process | TAS | 1487235 |
| GO:0006548 | histidine catabolic process | IDA | 22767596 |
| GO:0019752 | carboxylic acid metabolic process | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HDC Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HDC Gene
| Name | Status | Disease Links | Group | Role | Mechanism of Action | Clinical Trials |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-Histidine | Approved | Nutra | Target | 0 | ||
| Histamine | Approved, Investigational | Pharma | Full agonist, Agonist | 1050 | ||
| spermine | Approved | Nutra | Full agonist, Agonist | 0 | ||
| Carbon dioxide | Approved, Vet_approved | Pharma | 0 | |||
| Pyruvic acid | Approved | Nutra | 0 |
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAM486A |
|
Inhibition, Inhibitor |
|
|||
| Carnosine |
|
305-84-0 | ||||
| N1-acetylspermine |
|
25593-72-0 |
|
|||
| Norspermidine |
|
56-18-8 |
|
Transcripts for HDC Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HDC Gene
- (8) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (9) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (12) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HDC
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HDC
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HDC
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HDC
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene RNAi, siRNA, and shRNA products in human, mouse, rat for HDC
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HDC
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HDC gene
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for HDC Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
- Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle
- Proximal Tubule Cells Proximal Tubule
- Distal Tubule Cells Distal Tubule
- Loop of Henle
- Distal Tubule
-
Epithelial Cells
- Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle
- Proximal Tubule Cells Proximal Tubule
- Distal Tubule Cells Distal Tubule
- Brain (Nervous System)
-
Ovary (Reproductive System)
- Mature Granulosa Cells Antral Follicle
-
Blood (Hematopoietic System)
- Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Precursor Cells Hematopoietic Bone Marrow
- Gut Tube (Gastrointestinal Tract)
- Lower Urinary Tract (Urinary System)
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
-
Dermis (Integumentary System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HDC Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Brain - Hypothalamus (x28.0).
This gene is overexpressed in Urine (64.7).
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, and MOPED for HDC Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of HDC Gene:
HDCSOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HDC Gene:
Hs.1481Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for HDC Gene
- Stomach(3.3)
- Nervous system(2.7)
- Lung(2.2)
- Bone marrow(2)
- Skin(2)
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HDC
No data available for mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt and Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for HDC Gene
Orthologs for HDC Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | HDC 34 35 |
|
||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HDC 34 35 |
|
||
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HDC 34 35 |
|
||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Hdc 34 |
|
||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Hdc 34 16 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HDC 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | HDC 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | HDC 34 35 |
|
||
| lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | HDC 35 |
|
OneToOne | |
| tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | hdc 34 |
|
||
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | hdc 34 35 |
|
||
| African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP009001 34 |
|
||
| fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Hdc 36 34 35 |
|
||
| Ddc 36 |
|
|
|||
| CG30445 36 |
|
|
|||
| CG30446 36 |
|
|
|||
| amd 36 |
|
|
|||
| worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | tdc-1 36 35 |
|
||
| ZK829.2 36 |
|
|
|||
| C05D2.3 36 |
|
|
|||
| F12A10.3 36 |
|
|
|||
| hdl-1 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
| sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | -- 35 |
|
ManyToMany | |
| -- 35 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species where no ortholog for HDC was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for HDC Gene
Variants for HDC Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 15 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAR_036470 | A colorectal cancer sample | ||||
| VAR_036471 | A colorectal cancer sample | ||||
| rs267606861 | Pathogenic | 50,252,520(-) | CACAG(A/G)GTCAA | reference, stop-gained | |
| rs1000105151 | -- | 50,246,688(+) | TGATT(C/T)GCAAA | intron-variant | |
| rs1000141474 | -- | 50,246,397(+) | AGGTG(A/G)TCACA | intron-variant |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
10.4% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
5.65;
72.79% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for HDC Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HDC Gene
Disorders for HDC Gene
| Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|
| gilles de la tourette syndrome |
|
|
| mast cell neoplasm |
|
|
| systemic mastocytosis |
|
|
| stomach disease |
|
|
| indolent systemic mastocytosis |
|
|
Search HDC in MalaCards
View complete list of genes associated with diseases
Relevant External Links for HDC
No data available for UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HDC Gene
Publications for HDC Gene
- HDC gene polymorphisms are associated with age at natural menopause in Caucasian women. (PMID: 16919600) Zhang F. … Deng H.W. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2006) 3 22 46 64
- Structure of the L-histidine decarboxylase gene. (PMID: 8288622) Yatsunami K. … Ichikawa A. (J. Biol. Chem. 1994) 3 4 22 64
- Preparation of a rat brain histidine decarboxylase (HDC) cDNA probe by PCR and assignment of the human HDC gene to chromosome 15. (PMID: 1487235) Bruneau G. … Thibault J. (Hum. Genet. 1992) 2 3 22 64
- Cloning of the cDNA encoding human histidine decarboxylase from an erythroleukemia cell line and mapping of the gene locus to chromosome 15. (PMID: 1768863) Zahnow C.A. … Joseph D.R. (DNA Seq. 1991) 3 4 22 64
- Structural study reveals that Ser-354 determines substrate specificity on human histidine decarboxylase. (PMID: 22767596) Komori H. … Higuchi Y. (J. Biol. Chem. 2012) 3 4 64
Products for HDC Gene
- Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
- Browse R&D Systems for Human Recombinant Proteins
- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
- Browse ELISAs
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- Browse cDNA Clones
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- Browse Cell Selection and Detection Kits
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- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
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- OriGene Purified Proteins for HDC
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- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HDC
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- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HDC
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- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HDC
- Novus Biologicals proteins and lysates for HDC
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Antibodies for HDC
- Cloud-Clone Corp. Proteins for HDC
- Cloud-Clone Corp Assay Kits for HDC
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HDC: See all 49
- antibodies-online Kits for HDC: See all 8
- antibodies-online Proteins for HDC: See all 17
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex HDC antibody for HDC
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HDC
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HDC gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HDC gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HDC gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HDC
- Horizon Cell Lines for HDC
- Cyagen custom Knockout/knockin (KOKI) mouse models for HDC
- VectorBuilder custom plasmid, inducible vectors for HDC
- VectorBuilder custom lentivirus, adenovirus, AAV vector/virus packaging for HDC
- VectorBuilder Other custom vectors
- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
Sources for HDC Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) RNAdb
- (29) ASD
- (30) ECgene
- (31) GeneAnnot
- (32) CGAP SAGE
- (33) SOURCE
- (34) HomoloGene
- (35) PanEnsembl
- (36) euGenes
- (37) SGD
- (38) FlyBase
- (39) WormBase
- (40) Pseudogene
- (41) DGV
- (42) dbSNP
- (43) GenAtlas
- (44) GeneTests
- (45) HGMD
- (46) GAD
- (47) LSDB
- (48) BGMUT
- (49) HuGE
- (50) eBioscience
- (51) Atlas
- (52) Cell Signaling Technology
- (53) GenBank
- (54) H-invDB
- (55) HORDE
- (56) HUGE
- (57) IMGT
- (58) Leiden
- (59) MILLIPORE
- (60) miRBase
- (61) DME
- (62) NCBI
- (63) OriGene
- (64) PubMed
- (65) R&D Systems
- (66) TGDB
- (67) Tocris
- (68) Abcam
- (69) Novus
- (70) ProSpec
- (71) Sino Biological
- (72) GenScript
- (73) Qiagen
- (74) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (75) Enzo Life Sciences
- (76) OCA
- (77) Proteopedia
- (78) MOPED
- (79) SPIRE
- (80) neXtProt
- (81) Reactome
- (82) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (83) fRNAdb
- (84) DISEASES
- (85) SIMAP
- (86) GenomeRNAi
- (87) LifeMap
- (88) miRTarBase
- (89) MalaCards
- (90) Invitrogen
- (91) BitterDB
- (92) Vector BioLabs
- (93) ESI-BIO
- (94) RefSeq
- (95) BioSystems
- (96) MaxQB
- (97) IUPHAR
- (98) BioGPS
- (99) Illumina
- (100) COMPARTMENTS
- (101) HOMER
- (102) PaxDb
- (103) ApexBio
- (104) Addgene
- (105) antibodies-online
- (106) CYP
- (107) NONCODE
- (108) SwitchGear Genomics
- (109) TreeFam
- (110) PathCards
- (111) GeneReviews
- (112) GeneTex
- (113) Taconic Biosciences
- (114) GTEx
- (115) ProteomicsDB
- (116) SCBT
- (117) DGIdb
- (118) ClinicalTrials
- (119) FDA Approved Drugs
- (120) RVIS
- (121) SIGNOR
- (122) diseasecard
- (123) NIH Rare Diseases
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- (128) Genetics Home Reference
- (129) MeSH
- (130) MedlinePlus
- (131) CDC
- (132) NINDS
- (133) NCBI Bookshelf
- (134) ClinVar
- (135) Gene Damage Index
- (136) ViGene Biosciences
- (137) HPO
- (138) UDN
- (139) VISTA
- (140) FANTOM5
- (141) ENCODE
- (142) ProSci
- (143) Horizon
- (144) NURSA
- (145) IID
- (146) Cyagen
- (147) VectorBuilder
- (148) SNPedia
- (149) BRCA Exchange
- (150) St John's Lab
- (151) CIViC
- (152) ProteoGenix
- (153) dbSUPER
- (154) TISSUES
- (155) Gene ORGANizer