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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

HCRT Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 59
GCID: GC17M040337

hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor

Explore 85 diseases affiliated with
HCRT via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Hypocretin (Orexin) Neuropeptide Precursor¹ ²		Orexin¹
OX¹ ² ³ ⁵		Hcrt³
PPOX¹ ² ³		Hypocretin³
NRCLP1² ⁵		PPORX³

External Ids:	HGNC: 4847¹	Entrez Gene: 3060²	Ensembl: ENSG00000161610⁷	OMIM: 602358⁵	UniProtKB: O43612³

Export aliases for HCRT gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17M039901 GC17M042492 GC17M040244 GC17M040709 GC17M037589 GC17M036101

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for HCRT:

This gene encodes a hypothalamic neuropeptide precursor protein that gives rise to two mature neuropeptides, orexin A

and orexin B, by proteolytic processing. Orexin A and orexin B, which bind to orphan G-protein coupled receptors

HCRTR1 and HCRTR2, function in the regulation of sleep and arousal. This neuropeptide arrangement may also play a role

in feeding behavior, metabolism, and homeostasis. (provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: OREX_HUMAN, O43612

Function: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly

by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A

broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the

regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas

orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity

summary for HCRT:

The orexins (hypocretins) are a newly discovered family of neuropeptides which play a role in regulating

feeding and wakefulness. The family currently consists of two members; orexin A and orexin B (33- and

28-residues respectively), which are produced from a common precursor prepro-orexin (130 amino acids). Cell

bodies of orexin-containing neurons are largely confined to the lateral hypothalamus, an area classically

linked to feeding stimulation. Intracerebroventricular injections of orexin A and orexin B stimulate feeding

in a dose-related manner, with orexin A being significantly more effective than orexin B. Orexins are also

strongly linked to the regulation of sleep-activity cycles, which may restrict the use of orexin ligands in

the treatment of obesity. The orexins activate two G-protein-coupled receptors (OX1) and (OX2) also found

predominantly in the hypothalamus. Orexin A is the selective endogenous agonist for OX1 and blocking this

receptor modulates food and water intake.

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010783.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the HCRT gene promoter:
NRSF form 1 Tal-1beta NRSF form 2 CREB HOXA5 deltaCREB STAT3 ARP-1 FOXJ2 ITF-2
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: HCRT promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for HCRT

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat HCRT

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q21 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q21.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q21

HCRT Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
HCRT gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17M040337: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	40,336,078 bp from pter	End:	40,337,470 bp from pter
Size:	1,393 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: OREX_HUMAN, O43612 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Orexin precursor

Size: 131 amino acids; 13363 Da

Subcellular location: Rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). Cytoplasmic vesicle (By similarity). Cell junction,

synapse (By similarity). Note=Associated with perikaryal rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as cytoplasmic large

granular vesicles at synapses (By similarity)

4 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for HCRT:

1CQ0 (3D)

1R02 (3D)

1UVQ (3D)

1WSO (3D)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for HCRT: NX_O43612

Post-translational modifications:

Specific enzymatic cleavages at paired basic residues yield the different active peptides¹

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O43612

HCRT Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_001515.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000293330

Reactome Protein details: O43612
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Uscn Proteins for HCRT

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005791	rough endoplasmic reticulum	IEA	--
GO:0008021	synaptic vesicle	TAS	9419374
GO:0030054	cell junction	IEA	--

HCRT for ontologies About GeneDecksing

HCRT Antibody Products:

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	ThermoFisher Antibodies for HCRT

Assay Products for HCRT:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for HCRT

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

HCRT for domains About GeneDecksing

1 InterPro domain/family:

IPR001704 Orexin

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O43612

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O43612

1 Blocks protein family: IPB001704 Prepro-orexin signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: OREX_HUMAN, O43612

Similarity: Belongs to the orexin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: OREX_HUMAN, O43612

Function: Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly

by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A

broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the

regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas

orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity

Genatlas biochemistry entry for HCRT:

hypocretin neuropeptide precursor of isoforms A and B,expressed in lateral hypothalamus and adjacent areas,potential

mediator in the central feedback mechanism,that regulates feeding behavior,homolog to secretin,susceptibility gene for

narcolepsy

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HCRT
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate HCRT:
		hsa-miR-137
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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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Gene Editing
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DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for HCRT

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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HCRT

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005184	neuropeptide hormone activity	--	--
GO:0031771	type 1 hypocretin receptor binding	IEA	--
GO:0031772	type 2 hypocretin receptor binding	IEA	--

HCRT for ontologies About GeneDecksing

1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for HCRT:

Increased homologous recombina

Animal Models:
7 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Hcrt):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	muscle
nervous system	respiratory system

HCRT for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)

	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	1.00			Peptide ligand-binding receptors	0.61
	GPCR ligand binding	0.75

Signaling by GPCR

	Signaling by GPCR	1.00			Signal Transduction	0.56
	GPCR downstream signaling	0.89

G alpha (q) signalling events

G alpha (q) signalling events

1.00

Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK

0.90

Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors

Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors

1.00

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for HCRT

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

5/9 Reactome Pathways for HCRT (see all 9)

	GPCR downstream signaling
	Peptide ligand-binding receptors
	Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK
	Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors
	Signaling by GPCR

HCRT for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for HCRT

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/128 Interacting proteins for HCRT (O43612³ ENSP00000293330⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 128)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ENSG00000206305	P01909³	I2D: score=1
ENSG00000232062	P01909³	I2D: score=1
HLA-DQA1	P01909³	I2D: score=1
HCRTR1	O43613³, ENSP00000362810⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000362810
HCRTR2	O43614³, ENSP00000359899⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000359899

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/13 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 13): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007200	phospholipase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA	--
GO:0007204	elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	IEA	--
GO:0007205	protein kinase C-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	IEA	--
GO:0007218	neuropeptide signaling pathway	IEA	--
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	TAS	9419374

HCRT for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

HCRT for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for HCRT available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
[Ala11,D-Leu15]-Orexin B	Potent, selective OX2 receptor agonist	[532932-99-3]
Orexin A (human, rat, mouse)	Endogenous agonist at OX1 and OX2	[205640-90-0]
SB 408124	Selective non-peptide OX1 antagonist	[288150-92-5]
SB 334867	Selective non-peptide OX1 antagonist	[249889-64-3]
Orexin B (human)	Endogenous agonist at OX1 and OX2	[205640-91-1]

1 DrugBank Compound for HCRT About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Pyroglutamic Acid	--	98-79-3	target	--	10592235

10/61 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for HCRT gene (see all 61) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
modafinil	75.4	15	15652995 (3), 15532213 (1), 19630720 (1), 17712350 (1) (see all 7)
gamma-hydroxybutyrate	73.3	1	15989524 (1)
enterostatin	67.5	2	11732637 (1), 10857385 (1)
oxyntomodulin	53.8	2	16340035 (1), 16949016 (1)
cocaine	52.9	37	15330675 (2), 16326123 (2), 10929926 (1), 11872319 (1) (see all 28)
octadecaneuropeptide	48.6	4	15146610 (1), 15107726 (1)
amphetamine	48.5	18	12151553 (3), 10657511 (1), 15777192 (1), 15146610 (1) (see all 13)
histamine	46.1	47	19238805 (4), 12388591 (3), 18295497 (2), 11682143 (2) (see all 21)
npff	45	6	12609745 (4), 12714592 (1)
dopamine	44	40	15532213 (2), 19891960 (2), 12403989 (1), 16476667 (1) (see all 27)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about HCRT / OREX

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for HCRT gene:

NM_001524.1

Unigene Cluster for HCRT:

Hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor

Hs.158348 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AW163686

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000293330(uc002hzc.1)

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HCRT
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate HCRT:
		hsa-miR-137
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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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		Search QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat HCRT

Additional cDNA sequence: AF041240.1

1 DOTS entry:

DT.40127958

6 AceView cDNA sequences:

NM_001524 AF041240 AW163686 AW163085 BG194545 BX284083

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

HCRT expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AACCTTCCTT

About this image
See HCRT Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for HCRT

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.158348

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: OREX_HUMAN, O43612

Tissue specificity: Abundantly expressed in subthalamic nucleus but undetectable in other brain regions tested

(hypothalamus was not tested) and in heart, placenta, lung, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney and pancreas

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including HCRT:

Neurotrophins & Receptors in human mouse rat

Obesity in human mouse rat

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In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HCRT

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for HCRT gene from 4/9 species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Hcrt^{1 , 5}	hypocretin^{1, 5}	80.77(n)¹ 82.31(a)¹		11 (63.60 cM)⁵ 15171¹ NM_010410.2¹ NP_034540.1¹ 100761069⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	HCRT¹	hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor	64.74(n) 57.85(a)		374005 NM_204185.1 NP_989516.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	HCRT⁶	--	59(a)	1 ↔ 1	6(72767273-72767521)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	hcrt⁶	hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor	33(a)	1 ↔ 1	3(17181219-17185315)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HCRT (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for HCRT (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs104894574^1,2	C	pathogenic	38225811(-)	`GCTACG/TGCTGC`	2	R L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3760391^1,2	C,F,	--	36100696(+)	`AATTAT/CGGCTC`	1	--	ds500¹		1		EA	120
rs58755779^1,2	F,	--	36100750(+)	`CCCCGC/TTAATT`	1	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs34727363^1,2	C	--	36101944(+)	`CACCAC/ATAGGG`	1	--	int¹		1		NA	2
rs117766606^1,2	C,F,	--	36102136(+)	`NNNNAC/TTCCGT`	1	--	int¹		1		NA	120
rs41513044^1,2	C,F,	--	36102570(-)	`GCCTCA/CAGGTT`	1	--	ut5¹		3		CSA WA	122
rs1453402^1,2	C,H	--	36102910(-)	`AATTAG/ACAGCT`	1	--	us2k¹		4		NS EA	418
rs748442^1,2	C,F,H,	--	36102972(+)	`GGAGCA/GGCCAG`	1	--	us2k¹		10		NS NA CSA WA	1090
rs748444^1,2	C,F,H	--	36103323(+)	`aacctC/Actgaa`	1	--	us2k¹		8		NS NA	1200
rs28879196^1,2	C,	--	36104045(+)	`CGCCTT/CCCGGG`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	2

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for HCRT (40336078 - 40337470 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for HCRT: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): HCRT

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing HCRT

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for HCRT

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

HCRT for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 602358
OMIM disorders: 161400
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: OREX_HUMAN, O43612

Defects in HCRT are the cause of narcolepsy type 1 (NRCLP1) [MIM:161400]. Narcolepsy is a neurological

disabling sleep disorder, characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep fragmentation, symptoms of abnormal

rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, such as cataplexy, hypnagogic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. Cataplexy is a

sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions, which is the most valuable clinical feature used to diagnose

narcolepsy. Human narcolepsy is primarily a sporadically occurring disorder but familial clustering has been observed.

Note=Human narcolepsy is associated with a deficient orexin system. Orexins are absent and/or greatly diminished in

the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of most narcoleptic patients

20/85 diseases for HCRT (see all 85): About MalaCards

kleine-levin syndrome niemann-pick disease guillain-barre syndrome prader-willi syndrome

obesity relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis hypersomnia advanced sleep phase syndrome

restless legs syndrome supranuclear palsy complex regional pain syndrome neuromyelitis optica

progressive supranuclear palsy myotonic dystrophy myotonic dystrophy type 1 sleep apnea

recurrent hypersomnia drug addiction anorexia nervosa acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for HCRT:

Sleep disorder Neurodegenerative disease Brain disease

10/61 Novoseek disease relationships for HCRT gene (see all 61) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
narcolepsy	97.7	645	20129934 (8), 19725250 (6), 19158946 (6), 19555382 (6) (see all 99)
cataplexy	96.9	160	19725250 (7), 12405608 (6), 20129934 (6), 16006155 (3) (see all 71)
sleep paralysis	90.2	3	17702265 (1), 15729517 (1)
idiopathic hypersomnia	80.3	18	19238805 (3), 19928388 (2), 11869432 (2), 14638887 (1) (see all 6)
hypersomnia recurrent	75.5	6	18226957 (2)
hypersomnia posttraumatic	71.8	1	14638887 (1)
obesity	55.4	28	15862893 (4), 18595438 (2), 16188908 (2), 16054072 (2) (see all 14)
hypothalamic tumors	48	2	15645360 (1), 16986734 (1)
apnea sleep	47.5	2	15627867 (1), 18812827 (1)
neurological disorders	47.3	16	18819824 (3), 17245312 (1), 11756606 (1), 16006155 (1) (see all 12)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): HCRT
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: HCRT (11 documents)

Export disorders for HCRT gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for HCRT gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 596):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with HCRT)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. (PubMed id 9491897)^{1, 2, 3} Sakurai T....Yanagisawa M. (1998)
Association of an orexin 1 receptor 408Val variant with polydipsia-hyponatremia in schizophrenic subjects. (PubMed id 15978554)^{1, 4, 9} Meerabux J....Yoshikawa T. (2005)
A prepro-orexin gene polymorphism is associated with narcolepsy. (PubMed id 11148249)^{1, 4, 9} Gencik M....Epplen J.T. (2001)
Orexin-A is composed of a highly conserved C-terminal and a specific, hydrophilic N-terminal region, revealing the structural basis of specific recognition by the orexin-1 receptor. (PubMed id 16429482)^{1, 2, 9} Takai T.... Ikegami T. (2006)
Hypocretin/orexin, sleep and narcolepsy. (PubMed id 11340621)^{1, 2, 9} Hungs M. and Mignot E. (2001)
Polymorphisms in the vicinity of the hypocretin/orexin are not associated with human narcolepsy. (PubMed id 11723284)^{1, 4, 9} Hungs M....Mignot E. (2001)
To eat or to sleep? Orexin in the regulation of feeding and wakefulness. (PubMed id 11283317)^{1, 2, 9} Willie J.T.... Yanagisawa M. (2001)
A mutation in a case of early onset narcolepsy and a generalized absence of hypocretin peptides in human narcoleptic brains. (PubMed id 10973318)^{1, 2, 9} Peyron C.... Mignot E. (2000)
Solution structure of a new hypothalamic neuropeptide, human hypocretin-2/orexin-B. (PubMed id 10583376)^{1, 2, 9} Lee J.-H.... Lee W. (1999)
Preprohypocretin polymorphisms in Parkinson disease patients reporting 'sleep attacks'. (PubMed id 16124668)^{1, 4} Rissling I....Moller J.C. (2005)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 3060	HGNC: 4847	AceView: HCRT	Ensembl:ENSG00000161610	euGenes: HUgn3060
ECgene: HCRT	H-InvDB: HCRT

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for HCRT	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
Protein Spotlight	http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/sptlt015.shtml

Intellectual Property for HCRT gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for HCRT gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving HCRT

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant HCRT Protein
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Tocris compounds for HCRT

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hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor

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Supranuclear Palsy Progressive
major depression
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HCRT Gene

hypocretin (orexin) neuropeptide precursor

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