Aliases for HCAR1 Gene
Aliases for HCAR1 Gene
External Ids for HCAR1 Gene
- HGNC: 4532
- Entrez Gene: 27198
- Ensembl: ENSG00000196917
- OMIM: 606923
- UniProtKB: Q9BXC0
Previous HGNC Symbols for HCAR1 Gene
- GPR104
- GPR81
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for HCAR1 Gene
- GC12M123104
Summaries for HCAR1 Gene
-
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, or GPRs), such as GPR81, contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins.[supplied by OMIM, Feb 2005]
GeneCards Summary for HCAR1 Gene
HCAR1 (Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Peptide ligand-binding receptors and cAMP signaling pathway. GO annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is HCAR3.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR1 Gene
-
Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated pathway.
-
Orphan 7-TM receptors (orphan GPCRs) are receptors for which there are no defined ligands. Traditionally, receptors are characterized by specific ligands and stimuli; the search for ligands of orphan receptors is therefore akin to reverse-engineering this process.
No data available for PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for HCAR1 Gene
Genomics for HCAR1 Gene
Regulatory Elements for HCAR1 Gene
Enhancers for HCAR1 Gene
| GeneHancer Identifier | Score | Enhancer Sources | TSS distance (kb) | Number of Genes Away | Size (kb) | Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer | Other Gene Targets for Enhancer |
|---|
Enhancers around HCAR1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Promoters for HCAR1 Gene
| Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) | TSS Distance (bp) | Size (bp) | Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters |
|---|
ENSRs around HCAR1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Location for HCAR1 Gene
- Chromosome:
- 12
- Start:
- 122,726,076 bp from pter
- End:
- 122,730,843 bp from pter
- Size:
- 4,768 bases
- Orientation:
- Minus strand
Genomic View for HCAR1 Gene
Genes around HCAR1 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12q24.31 by Ensembl
- 12q24.31 by Entrez Gene
- 12q24.31 by HGNC
HCAR1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to
Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc
(and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Neighborhood
• Exon Structure
• Gene Density
RefSeq DNA sequence for HCAR1 Gene
Proteins for HCAR1 Gene
-
Protein details for HCAR1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- Q9BXC0-HCAR1_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1
- Protein Accession:
- Q9BXC0
- B2R9X4
- Q3Y5J3
- Q4VBN1
- Q6NXU5
Protein attributes for HCAR1 Gene
- Size:
- 346 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 39295 Da
- Quaternary structure:
- No Data Available
Post-translational modifications for HCAR1 Gene
Other Protein References for HCAR1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HCAR1
- Invitrogen Antibodies for HCAR1
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HCAR1: See all 79
- GeneTex HCAR1 antibody for HCAR1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HCAR1
Protein Products
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HCAR1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HCAR1
- Novus Biologicals proteins for HCAR1
- antibodies-online Proteins for HCAR1: See all 3
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HCAR1
Assay Products
No data available for DME Specific Peptides for HCAR1 Gene
Domains & Families for HCAR1 Gene
Gene Families for HCAR1 Gene
- HGNC:
- IUPHAR :
Protein Domains for HCAR1 Gene
- InterPro:
- ProtoNet:
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for HCAR1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
Q9BXC0- Family:
-
- Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.
Function for HCAR1 Gene
Molecular function for HCAR1 Gene
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
- Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated pathway.
Phenotypes for HCAR1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for HCAR1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for HCAR1:
-
- Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection
- Synthetic lethal with Ras
- Increased transferrin (TF) endocytosis
- Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)
- Decreased viability
- Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)
- Decreased viability after sindbis virus (SIN) dsTE12Q infection
- Decreased mitophagy mCherry-Parkin protein expression after carbonyl cyanide m-chlorphenylhydrazone (CCCP) stimulation
- Decreased Sindbis virus (SIN) capsid and autophagosome LC3 protein colocalization
- Decreased caspase 3/7 activity
Animal Models for HCAR1 Gene
- MGI Knock Outs for HCAR1:
-
- Hcar1 tm1Dgen
Animal Model Products
-
Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for HCAR1
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HCAR1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HCAR1
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR1
miRNA for HCAR1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target HCAR1
-
- hsa-mir-335-5p (MIRT017279)
- hsa-mir-378a-5p (MIRT631174)
- hsa-mir-4454 (MIRT631175)
- hsa-mir-6821-3p (MIRT631176)
- hsa-mir-6790-3p (MIRT631177)
- hsa-mir-3653-5p (MIRT631178)
- hsa-mir-4264 (MIRT631179)
- hsa-mir-4485-5p (MIRT631180)
- hsa-mir-622 (MIRT631181)
- hsa-mir-3934-5p (MIRT631182)
- hsa-mir-764 (MIRT631183)
- hsa-mir-125a-3p (MIRT631184)
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HCAR1
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene siRNA, shRNA, mouse_rna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HCAR1
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for HCAR1
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse for HCAR1
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR1 (GPR81)
Cell Line Products
-
ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HCAR1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HCAR1 gene
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
Flow Cytometry Products
No data available for Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) , Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function , Human Phenotype Ontology , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for HCAR1 Gene
Localization for HCAR1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR1 Gene
- Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
| Compartment | Confidence |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | 5 |
No data available for Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for HCAR1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for HCAR1 Gene
More details on SuperPathways for HCAR1| Superpath | Contained pathways | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peptide ligand-binding receptors | ||
| 2 | Signaling by GPCR | ||
| 3 | cAMP signaling pathway |
Pathways by source for HCAR1 Gene
1 BioSystems pathway for HCAR1 Gene
7 Reactome pathways for HCAR1 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for HCAR1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for HCAR1 Gene
| GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| GO:0007186 | G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway | IEA | -- |
| GO:0098779 | mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization | IGI | 22020285 |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for HCAR1 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for HCAR1 Gene
| Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D-lactic ?aeacid |
|
Partial agonist, Agonist |
|
|||
| gamma-hydroxybutyric acid |
|
Full agonist, Agonist |
|
|||
| Grifolic acid |
|
80557-12-6 |
|
|
||
| PF9 tetrasodium salt |
|
851265-78-6 |
|
|
||
| Prosaptide TX14(A) |
|
196391-82-9 |
|
|
(5) Tocris Compounds for HCAR1 Gene
| Compound | Action | Cas Number |
|---|---|---|
| Grifolic acid | Selective partial FFA4 (GPR120) agonist | 80557-12-6 |
| PF9 tetrasodium salt | Potent GPR17 agonist | 851265-78-6 |
| Prosaptide TX14(A) | Potent GPR37 and GPR37L1 agonist | 196391-82-9 |
| TC-O 9311 | Potent and selective GPR139 agonist | 444932-31-4 |
| TUG 891 | Potent and selective FFA4 (GPR120) agonist | 1374516-07-0 |
Transcripts for HCAR1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for HCAR1 Gene
- (1) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (11) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (3) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (1) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for HCAR1 Gene
CRISPR Products
-
OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR1
-
Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR1
miRNA Products
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HCAR1
Inhibitory RNA Products
- Origene siRNA, shRNA, mouse_rna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HCAR1
-
ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
Clone Products
- OriGene clones in human for HCAR1
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse for HCAR1
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR1 (GPR81)
Flow Cytometry Products
Expression for HCAR1 Gene
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for HCAR1 Gene
This gene is overexpressed in Breast - Mammary Tissue (x12.0), Adipose - Visceral (Omentum) (x7.9), and Bladder (x4.1).
SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for HCAR1 Gene Hs.610873
mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for HCAR1 Gene
Q9BXC0-HCAR1_HUMAN
Tissue specificity:
Expressed abundantly in brown and white fat. It also detectable at lower levels in liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, brain and pituitary. Not detected in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the cortex, basal forebrain, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus.
Primer Products
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HCAR1
-
OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HCAR1
No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , Protein differential expression in normal tissues , Protein expression and Protein tissue co-expression partners for HCAR1 Gene
Orthologs for HCAR1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.
| Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 35 |
|
||
| GPR81 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 35 |
|
||
| GPR81 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gpr81 35 |
|
||
| Hcar1 16 |
|
||||
| Gpr81 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 35 |
|
||
| HCAR1 36 |
|
OneToOne | |||
| rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gpr81 35 |
|
||
| oppossum (Monodelphis domestica) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | HCAR1 36 |
|
OneToOne | |
| zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | hcar1-1 36 |
|
ManyToMany |
- Species with no ortholog for HCAR1:
-
- A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii)
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
- African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
- chicken (Gallus gallus)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
- fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis)
- lizard (Anolis carolinensis)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice (Oryza sativa)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis)
- sea squirt (Ciona savignyi)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
- worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)
Paralogs for HCAR1 Gene
(9) SIMAP similar genes for HCAR1 Gene using alignment to 1 proteins:
Variants for HCAR1 Gene
| SNP ID | Clin | Chr 12 pos | Sequence Context | AA Info | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rs35292336 | - | 122,730,211(-) | TTCCA(C/G)ATGAA | reference, missense | |
| VAR_025152 | - | ||||
| rs36124671 | - | 122,729,583(-) | CCTGC(A/C/G)ATCCC | reference, missense | |
| rs496911 | -- | 122,731,922(-) | ctggc(C/T)TCCAC | upstream-variant-2KB | |
| rs513567 | -- | 122,728,689(-) | GTGCC(C/T)GGCCT | utr-variant-3-prime |
Residual Variation Intolerance Score:
31.3% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score:
3.34;
53.62% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Relevant External Links for HCAR1 Gene
- Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
- HCAR1
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for HCAR1 Gene
Disorders for HCAR1 Gene
Relevant External Links for HCAR1
- Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
- HCAR1
No disorders were found for HCAR1 Gene.
No data available for MalaCards , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and Genatlas for HCAR1 Gene
Publications for HCAR1 Gene
- International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXXII: nomenclature and classification of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B). (PMID: 21454438) Offermanns S. … Ijzerman A.P. (Pharmacol. Rev. 2011) 2 3 4 67
- Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81. (PMID: 19047060) Liu C. … Lovenberg T.W. (J. Biol. Chem. 2009) 2 3
- Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis. (PMID: 18952058) Cai T.Q. … Waters M.G. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2008) 2 3
- Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes. (PMID: 11574155) Lee D.K. … O'Dowd B.F. (Gene 2001) 2 3
- L- and D-lactate enhance DNA repair and modulate the resistance of cervical carcinoma cells to anticancer drugs via histone deacetylase inhibition and hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 activation. (PMID: 26208712) Wagner W. … Kania K.D. (Cell Commun. Signal 2015) 3
Products for HCAR1 Gene
- Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
- Browse R&D Systems for Human Recombinant Proteins
- Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
- R&D Systems cDNA Clones for HCAR1 (GPR81)
- Browse Primary Antibodies
- Browse Proteins and Enzymes
- Browse ELISAs
- Browse Activity Assays
- Browse cDNA Clones
- Browse Cell Culture Products
- Browse Cell Selection and Detection Kits
- Browse DNA Damage and Repair Kits
- Browse ELISpot/FluoroSpot Kits and Development Modules
- Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
- Browse Immunoprecipitation Assays
- Browse Luminex Assays
- Browse Peptides
- Browse Proteome Profiler Antibody Arrays
- Browse Small Molecules
- Custom Antibody Services
- Browse OriGene ELISA Kits
- Custom Assay Services
- Search Origene for Purified Proteins, MassSpec and Protein Over-expression Lysates for HCAR1
- Origene Custom Protein Services for HCAR1
- Origene siRNA, shRNA, mouse_rna, and RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR1
- Browse OriGene Inhibitory RNA Products For HCAR1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs for HCAR1
- OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for HCAR1
- OriGene CRISPR knockouts for HCAR1
- OriGene clones in human for HCAR1
- OriGene ORF clones in human,mouse for HCAR1
- Custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
- GenScript: Next-day shipping cDNA clones in your preferred vector
- GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for HCAR1
- GenScript Custom Assay Services for HCAR1
- GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for HCAR1
- GenScript: Design CRISPR guide RNA sequences for HCAR1
- Design optimal peptide antigens
- CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
- Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
- Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
- Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
- Plasmid Preparation
- GenScript Custom Peptide Services for HCAR1
- Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HCAR1
- Novus Biologicals proteins for HCAR1
- Novus Biologicals
- Novus Biologicals Tissue Microarrays
- Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for HCAR1
- Find your next knockout model in the Taconic Knockout Repository
- Genetically Engineered Models Available Immediately
- Humanized Mice
- antibodies-online Antibodies for HCAR1: See all 79
- Search antibodies-online for kits
- antibodies-online Proteins for HCAR1: See all 3
- Search antibodies-online for peptides
- GeneTex HCAR1 antibody for HCAR1
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for HCAR1
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for HCAR1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HCAR1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for HCAR1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for HCAR1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HCAR1
- Search ViGene Biosciences for HCAR1
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for HCAR1
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for HCAR1 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for HCAR1
Sources for HCAR1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) I2D
- (22) IntAct
- (23) Novoseek
- (24) PharmGKB
- (25) DrugBank
- (26) HMDB
- (27) UniGene
- (28) AceView
- (29) RNAdb
- (30) ASD
- (31) ECgene
- (32) GeneAnnot
- (33) SAGE
- (34) SOURCE
- (35) HomoloGene
- (36) PanEnsembl
- (37) euGenes
- (38) SGD
- (39) FlyBase
- (40) WormBase
- (41) Pseudogene
- (42) DGV
- (43) dbSNP
- (44) HapMap
- (45) GenAtlas
- (46) GeneTests
- (47) HGMD
- (48) GAD
- (49) LSDB
- (50) BGMUT
- (51) HuGE
- (52) eBioscience
- (53) Atlas
- (54) Cell Signaling Technology
- (55) GenBank
- (56) H-invDB
- (57) HORDE
- (58) HUGE
- (59) IMGT
- (60) Leiden
- (61) MILLIPORE
- (62) miRBase
- (63) DME
- (64) Nature
- (65) NCBI
- (66) OriGene
- (67) PubMed
- (68) R&D Systems
- (69) Salk
- (70) TGDB
- (71) Tufts
- (72) YEDA
- (73) CROW21
- (74) Tocris
- (75) Abcam
- (76) Novus
- (77) ProSpec
- (78) Sino Biological
- (79) GenScript
- (80) Qiagen
- (81) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (82) Enzo Life Sciences
- (83) OCA
- (84) Proteopedia
- (85) MOPED
- (86) SPIRE
- (87) neXtProt
- (88) Reactome
- (89) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (90) fRNAdb
- (91) DISEASES
- (92) SIMAP
- (93) GenomeRNAi
- (94) LifeMap
- (95) miRTarBase
- (96) MalaCards
- (97) Invitrogen
- (98) BitterDB
- (99) Vector BioLabs
- (100) ESI-BIO
- (101) RefSeq
- (102) BioSystems
- (103) MaxQB
- (104) IUPHAR
- (105) BioGPS
- (106) Illumina
- (107) COMPARTMENTS
- (108) HOMER
- (109) PaxDb
- (110) ApexBio
- (111) Addgene
- (112) Advanced Cell Diagnostics
- (113) antibodies-online
- (114) CYP
- (115) NONCODE
- (116) SwitchGear Genomics
- (117) TreeFam
- (118) PathCards
- (119) GeneReviews
- (120) GeneTex
- (121) Taconic Biosciences
- (122) GTEx
- (123) ProteomicsDB
- (124) SCBT
- (125) DGIdb
- (126) ClinicalTrials
- (127) FDA Approved Drugs
- (128) RVIS
- (129) SIGNOR
- (130) diseasecard
- (131) NIH Rare Diseases
- (132) Orphanet
- (133) UMLS
- (134) GTR
- (135) Disease Ontology
- (136) Genetics Home Reference
- (137) MeSH
- (138) MedlinePlus
- (139) CDC
- (140) NINDS
- (141) NCBI Bookshelf
- (142) ClinVar
- (143) Gene Damage Index
- (144) ViGene Biosciences
- (145) HPO
- (146) UDN
- (147) VISTA
- (148) FANTOM5
- (149) ENCODE
- (150) ProSci
- (151) Horizon