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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

HCAR1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 50
GCID: GC12M123104

Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1

(Previous names: G protein-coupled receptor 104, G protein-coupled receptor...)
(Previous symbols: GPR104, GPR81)

See related disease
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1¹ ²		G-Protein Coupled Receptor 104² ³
GPR81¹ ² ³ ⁵		G-Protein Coupled Receptor 81² ³
GPR104¹ ² ³		LACR1²
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 104¹ ²		TA-GPCR²
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 81¹ ²		Hydroxy-Carboxylic Acid Receptor 1²
Lactate Receptor 1¹ ²		T-Cell Activation G Protein-Coupled Receptor²
HCA1² ³

External Ids:	HGNC: 4532¹	Entrez Gene: 27198²	Ensembl: ENSG00000196917⁷	OMIM: 606923⁵	UniProtKB: Q9BXC0³

Export aliases for HCAR1 gene to outside databases

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for HCAR1 Gene:

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs, or GPRs), such as GPR81, contain 7 transmembrane domains and transduce

extracellular signals through heterotrimeric G proteins.(supplied by OMIM, Feb 2005)

GeneCards Summary for HCAR1 Gene:

HCAR1 (hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with HCAR1 include breast cancer, and among its related super-pathways are Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) and Signaling by GPCR. GO annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity. An important paralog of this gene is OXER1.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HCAR1_HUMAN, Q9BXC0

Function: Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated

pathway

Gene Wiki entry for HCAR1 (GPR81) Gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 73), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000012.11 NC_018923.2 NT_009755.19

Regulatory elements:

Search SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites for HCAR1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: HCAR1 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for HCAR1

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat HCAR1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12q24.31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12q24.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12q24.31

HCAR1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
HCAR1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12M123104: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	123,104,824 bp from pter	End:	123,215,390 bp from pter
Size:	110,567 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MAXQB RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp., Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Abcam, and/or Cloud-Clone Corp.)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HCAR1_HUMAN, Q9BXC0 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1

Size: 346 amino acids; 39295 Da

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein

Secondary accessions: B2R9X4 Q3Y5J3 Q4VBN1 Q6NXU5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for HCAR1: NX_Q9BXC0

Explore proteomics data for HCAR1 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9BXC0

HCAR1 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MAXQB³ : About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_115943.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000409980 ENSP00000349478 ENSP00000389255

Reactome Protein details: Q9BXC0
Human Recombinant Protein Products for HCAR1:

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	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins Browse Sino Biological Cell Lysates
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Proteins at Cloud-Clone Corp.

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

HCAR1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

HCAR1 Antibody Products:

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Assay Products for HCAR1:

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	Browse ELISAs at Cloud-Clone Corp. Browse CLIAs at Cloud-Clone Corp.

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

HGNC Gene Families:

HCAR: GPCR / Class A : Hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors

IUPHAR Guide to PHARMACOLOGY protein family classification: HCA₁ receptor

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors

2 InterPro protein domains:

IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM

IPR000276 GPCR_Rhodpsn

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9BXC0

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9BXC0

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HCAR1_HUMAN, Q9BXC0

Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

HCAR1 for domains About GeneDecksing

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and Sirion Biotech, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: HCAR1_HUMAN, Q9BXC0

Function: Acts as a receptor for L-lactate and mediates its anti-lipolytic effect through a G(i)-protein-mediated

pathway

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004930	G-protein coupled receptor activity	IEA	--

HCAR1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for HCAR1:

Synthetic lethal with Ras

1 MGI mutant phenotype (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Gpr81):

homeostasis/metabolism

HCAR1 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated mouse model solutions for HCAR1

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Custom generated inducible mouse model solutions for HCAR1

genOway customized KO model: permanent, tissue-specific or time-controlled inactivation for HCAR1

genOway customized Knockin model: humanization, point mutation, expression monitoring, etc. for HCAR1

miRNA Products:		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HCAR1
		7 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate HCAR1:
		hsa-miR-890 hsa-miR-1276 hsa-miR-3065-3p hsa-miR-1248 hsa-miR-635 hsa-miR-3680 hsa-miR-1305
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HCAR1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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Gene Editing Products:			DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for HCAR1
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		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for HCAR1
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for HCAR1
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for HCAR1

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HCAR1

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Oct 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

SuperPaths for HCAR1 About

See pathways by source

SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)

	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	0.71			G alpha (i) signalling events	0.46
	GPCR ligand binding	0.71			GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like	0.41

Signaling by GPCR

	Signaling by GPCR	0.90			Signal Transduction	0.55
	GPCR downstream signaling	0.90

Hydroxycarboxylic acid-binding receptors

Hydroxycarboxylic acid-binding receptors

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

1 BioSystems Pathway for HCAR1

GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like

5/7 Reactome Pathways for HCAR1 (see all 7)

	GPCR downstream signaling
	Signal Transduction
	Signaling by GPCR
	G alpha (i) signalling events
	GPCR ligand binding

HCAR1 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for HCAR1

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	--	--
GO:0032355	response to estradiol stimulus	IDA	15831516

HCAR1 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for HCAR1 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Grifolic acid	Selective partial GPR120 agonist	[80557-12-6]
26RFa	Ligand of GPR103; orexigenic neuropeptide	[881640-56-8]
PF9 tetrasodium salt	Potent GPR17 agonist	[851265-78-6]
TC-O 9311	Potent and selective GPR139 agonist	[444932-31-4]
TUG 891	Potent and selective GPR120 agonist	[1374516-07-0]

5 IUPHAR Ligands for HCAR1 (HCA₁ receptor) About this table

Ligand	Type	Action	Affinity	Pubmed IDs
3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid	Agonist	Full agonist	3.72	22434674
L-lactic acid	Agonist	Full agonist	1.3 - 2.89	20374963 18952058 19047060 23396314
D-lactic ?aeacid	Agonist	Partial agonist	2.52	18952058
γ-hydroxybutyric acid	Agonist	Full agonist	1.82	19047060
nicotinic acid	Agonist	Unknown	1.82	12522134

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about HCAR1

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
Conferences by KenesGroup, exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Sirion Biotech, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for HCAR1 gene:

NM_032554.3

Unigene Clusters for HCAR1:

Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1

Hs.610873 [show with all ESTs], Hs.711001 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_032554, AK122659

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000436083(uc001ucz.3) ENST00000356987(uc001ucw.1) ENST00000432564

miRNA Products:		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat HCAR1
		7 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate HCAR1:
		hsa-miR-890 hsa-miR-1276 hsa-miR-3065-3p hsa-miR-1248 hsa-miR-635 hsa-miR-3680 hsa-miR-1305
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: HCAR1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for HCAR1
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat HCAR1

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for HCAR1 (see all 6) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for HCAR1 OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript Custom all cDNA clones Services for HCAR1
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		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat HCAR1
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat HCAR1
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat HCAR1

Additional mRNA sequence:

AK122659.1 AK289557.1

5 DOTS entries:

DT.100019050 DT.95320166 DT.91958104 DT.100787462 DT.91671859

3 AceView cDNA sequences:

AK122659 AW848381 BG212812

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

HCAR1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: ACATATGCTT

About this image

See HCAR1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for HCAR1

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.610873 Hs.711001

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HCAR1_HUMAN, Q9BXC0

Tissue specificity: Expressed abundantly in brown and white fat. It also detectable at lower levels in liver,

kidney, skeletal muscle, brain and pituitary. Not detected in frontal, temporal and occipital lobes of the

cortex, basal forebrain, caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens and hippocampus

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including HCAR1:

G Protein Coupled Receptors 384HT in human mouse rat

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In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HCAR1

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for HCAR1 gene from 2/8 species (see all 8) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Gpr81^{1 , 5}	G protein-coupled receptor 81^{1, 5}	81.71(n)¹ 81.42(a)¹		5 (63.24 cM)⁵ 243270¹ NM_175520.4¹ NP_780729.2¹ 123876736⁵
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	hcar1-1⁶ hcar1-2⁶	hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1-2	39(a) 39(a)	possible ortholog possible ortholog	10(45675902-45676888) 10(45668000-45669510)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HCAR1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for HCAR1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for HCAR1 gene

OXER1² GPR31² HCAR3² GPR20² HCAR2²

9 SIMAP similar genes for HCAR1 using alignment to 1 protein entry: HCAR1_HUMAN:

HCAR2 HCAR3 OXER1 GPR31 CYSLTR2 KPG_011

LPAR4 GPR35 GPR17

HCAR1 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 12 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
VAR_025152⁴		--	--	see VAR_025152	2	D E	mis⁴		0	--	--	--	--
rs75445873^1,2	C,F	--	123211660(+)	`CTCTAT/GAAAAA`	1	--	ds500¹		2		WA	120
rs143148174^1,2		--	123211709(+)	`TACTCA/CCAGCT`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs1696348^1,2	C	--	123211817(-)	`AATCTC/TGCTCT`	1	--	ds500¹		12		NA WA CSA EA	374
rs116296332^1,2	C	--	123211892(+)	`AACTTC/TGATGC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs7307192^1,2	C,F,A	--	123212108(+)	`ctcctC/Gggttc`	1	--	ds500¹		5		NS NA WA	94
rs7131790^1,2	C,F,A	--	123212123(+)	`gattcT/Gcctgc`	1	--	ds500¹		6		NA NS	92
rs150695532^1,2		--	123212195(+)	`TTTTAG/TTAGAG`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs7313367^1,2	C,F,A	--	123212236(+)	`CTAGAG/ACTCCT`	1	--	ut3¹		6		NS NA WA CSA	91
rs61955053^1,2	F	--	123212364(+)	`AGAGAG/ATATAA`	1	--	ut3¹		1		NA	2

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for HCAR1 (123104824 - 123215390 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) 1 variation for HCAR1: About this table

Variant ID	Type	Subtype	PubMed ID
nsv913	CNV	Insertion	18451855

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing HCAR1

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for HCAR1

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Conferences by KenesGroup, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM gene information: 606923 OMIM disorders: --

2 diseases for HCAR1: About MalaCards

breast cancer

HCAR1 for disorders About GeneDecksing

Export disorders for HCAR1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for HCAR1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 17):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with HCAR1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

International union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXXII: nomenclature and classification of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (GPR81, GPR109A, and GPR109B). (PubMed id 21454438)^{1, 2, 3} Offermanns S....Ijzerman A.P. (2011)
Lactate inhibits lipolysis in fat cells through activation of an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, GPR81. (PubMed id 19047060)^{1, 2, 3} Liu C.... Lovenberg T.W. (2009)
Discovery and mapping of ten novel G protein-coupled receptor genes. (PubMed id 11574155)^{1, 2, 3} Lee D.K....O'Dowd B.F. (2001)
Role of GPR81 in lactate-mediated reduction of adipose lipolysis. (PubMed id 18952058)^{1, 3} Cai T.Q....Waters M.G. (2008)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Identification of G protein-coupled receptor genes from the human genome sequence. (PubMed id 12044878)^{1, 2} Takeda S.... Mitaku S. (2002)
Biological and pharmacological roles of HCA receptors. (PubMed id 21907911)¹ Blad C.C....Offermanns S. (2011)
Study of GPR81, the lactate receptor, from distant sp ecies identifies residues and motifs critical for GPR81 functions. (PubMed id 21862690)¹ Kuei C....Liu C. (2011)
Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of t hiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipr il and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study. (PubMed id 20628086)¹ Bailey S.D....Anand S. (2010)
Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apoli poproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip. (PubMed id 19913121)¹ Talmud P.J.... . (2009)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 27198	HGNC: 4532	AceView: GPR81	Ensembl:ENSG00000196917	euGenes: HUgn27198
ECgene: HCAR1	H-InvDB: HCAR1

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for HCAR1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
SeattleSNPs	http://pga.gs.washington.edu/data/gpr81/

Intellectual Property for HCAR1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for HCAR1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving HCAR1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, LSBio, Gene Editing from DNA2.0 and Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Sirion Biotech, Cell lines from GenScript, and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Animal models from inGenious Targeting Laboratory, genOway)
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GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 27 Oct 2013 - Incrementals: 4 Nov 2013 , 7 Nov 2013 , 23 Jan 2014

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HCAR1 Gene

Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1

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HCAR1 Gene

Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Receptor 1

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