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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

HBD Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 55
GCID: GC11M005253

hemoglobin, delta

 Explore 13 diseases affiliated with
HBD via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for HBD
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Hemoglobin, Delta1 2
Hemoglobin Delta Chain2 3
Delta Globin2
Delta-Globin Chain2
Hemoglobin Subunit Delta2
Delta-Globin1

External Ids:    HGNC: 48291   Entrez Gene: 30452   Ensembl: ENSG000002236097   OMIM: 1420005   UniProtKB: P020423   

Export aliases for HBD gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11M005996 GC11M005549 GC11M005206 GC11M005213 GC11M005217 GC11M005204 GC11M005210 GC11M005251 GC11M004913


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for HBD:
The delta (HBD) and beta (HBB) genes are normally expressed in the adult: two alpha chains plus two beta chains
constitute HbA, which in normal adult life comprises about 97% of the total hemoglobin. Two alpha chains plus two
delta chains constitute HbA-2, which with HbF comprises the remaining 3% of adult hemoglobin. Five beta-like globin
genes are found within a 45 kb cluster on chromosome 11 in the following order:
5'-epsilon--Ggamma--Agamma--delta--beta-3'. Mutations in the delta-globin gene are associated with beta-thalassemia.
(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HBD_HUMAN, P02042
Function: Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues

Gene Wiki entry for HBD


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000011.9  NC_018922.1  NT_009237.18  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the HBD gene promoter:
         TBP   C/EBPbeta   TFIID   STAT3   IRF-1   HNF-4alpha1   GATA-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidHBD promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for HBD

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat HBD


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.5   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  11p15.4   HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.5

HBD Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
HBD gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M005253:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
5,253,908 bp from pter      End:
5,256,600 bp from pter
Size:
2,693 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HBD_HUMAN, P02042 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Hemoglobin subunit delta  
Size: 147 amino acids; 16055 Da
Subunit: Heterotetramer of two alpha chains and two delta chains in adult hemoglobin A2 (HbA2). HbA2 represents less
than 3.5% of adult hemoglobin
2 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for HBD:
1SHR (3D)        1SI4 (3D)    
Secondary accessions: Q3Y5H3 Q8WXT7

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for HBD: NX_P02042

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P02042

  • HBD Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_000510.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000292901   ENSP00000369654   ENSP00000414741   ENSP00000393810  
    Reactome Protein details: P02042
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    Browse Proteins at Uscn

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005829cytosol TAS--
    GO:0005833hemoglobin complex IEA--


    HBD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    HBD for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR012292 Globin_dom
     IPR009050 Globin-like
     IPR000971 Globin
     IPR002337 Haemoglobin_b

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P02042

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P02042

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB002337 Beta haemoglobin signature

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HBD_HUMAN, P02042
    Similarity: Belongs to the globin family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HBD_HUMAN, P02042
    Function: Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for HBD:
    hemoglobin,delta,adult

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    hsa-miR-3160-3p
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005344oxygen transporter activity IEA--
    GO:0005506iron ion binding IEA--
    GO:0019825oxygen binding IEA--
    GO:0020037heme binding IEA--


    HBD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Expression of globin genes under control of the beta globin control region
    Expression of globin genes under control of the beta globin control region1.00
    2Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
    Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production1.00
    3African trypanosomiasis
    African trypanosomiasis1.00
    4Malaria
    Malaria1.00
    5Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation
    Hemostasis0.43

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    3        Reactome Pathways for HBD
        Hemostasis
    Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
    Expression of globin genes under control of the beta globin control region


    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for HBD):
        African trypanosomiasis
    Malaria


    HBD for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for HBD

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 14)

    5/14 Interacting proteins for HBD (P020423 ENSP000003696544) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 14)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    HBA1P699053, ENSP000003224214I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000322421
    HBA2P699053, ENSP000002515954I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000251595
    AHSPENSP000003071994STRING: ENSP00000307199
    CYB5R3ENSP000003384614STRING: ENSP00000338461
    HBBENSP000003339944STRING: ENSP00000333994
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007596blood coagulation TAS--


    HBD for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    HBD for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for HBD

    2 HMDB Compounds for HBD    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Heme(protoporphyrinato)iron (see all 19)14875-96-8--
    OxygenOxygen (see all 5)7782-44-7--
    1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for HBD gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    dihydrofolate 39.9 1 8612704 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about HBD 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for HBD gene: 
    NM_000519.3  

    Unigene Cluster for HBD:

    Hemoglobin, delta
    Hs.699280  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AY034468
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000292901 ENST00000380299(uc001maf.1) ENST00000417377 ENST00000429817


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    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate HBD:
    hsa-miR-3160-3p
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AY034468.1 BC069307.1 BC070282.1 DQ655982.2 

    6 DOTS entries:

    DT.95198800  DT.95086395  DT.95086397  DT.95287469  DT.85101421  DT.99971801 

    6 AceView cDNA sequences:

    NM_000519 BC069307 BC070282 AY034468 BG941162 BG940533 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    HBD expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GCAAGAAGGT

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image

    HBD expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    PureStem™ progenitor RASMO12 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See HBD Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for HBD

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.699280

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: HBD_HUMAN, P02042
    Tissue specificity: Red blood cells

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:
     

     
    Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for HBD

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for HBD gene from 3/7 species (see all 7)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves HBRH_CHICK6
    F1N9X2_CHICK6
    (see all 3)
    Uncharacterized protein
    (see all 3)
    68(a)
    66(a)
    (see all 3)
    many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 3)
    1(199433573-199442026)
    1(199436878-199438103)
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)
    Reptilia --
    --
    61(a)
    1 → many
    GL344018.1(38428-41710)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii ba16
    hbbe36
    (see all 7)
    hemoglobin beta embryonic-3
    (see all 7)
    51(a)
    50(a)
    (see all 7)
    possible ortholog
    possible ortholog
    (see all 7)
    3(55950130-55955982)
    12(21691906-21693036)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HBD (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for HBD (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for HBD gene
    HBG22  HBE12  CYGB2  HBZ2  HBG12  HBA22  HBB2  HBQ12  
    HBA12  HBM2  
    12 SIMAP similar genes for HBD using alignment to 9 protein entries:     HBD_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    beta-globin    HBD/HBB    HBB    HBE1    HBG2    HBG1
    HBA1    HBA2    HBZ    HBQ1    HBM    CYGB

    HBD for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/173 NCBI SNPs in HBD are shown (see all 173    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 11 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs353249671,2
    Cpathogenic4913169(-) AGATAA/GGGAGC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs342182951,2
    Cpathogenic4913398(-) CTGGT-/GTGGCTAA 1 -- cds10--------
    rs344308361,2
    Cpathogenic4914484(-) ATGGCC/GTGGCT 2 L V mis12Minor allele frequency- G:0.00NA 4
    rs342246041,2
    Cpathogenic4914532(-) ACCCT-/AAGGTG 2 R K fra10--------
    rs358875071,2
    Cpathogenic4914597(-) CCCTTG/AGACCC 2 /* /W stg12Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NA 4
    rs356547851,2
    Cpathogenic4914746(-) GGGCAG/CGTTGG 2 /T /R mis12Minor allele frequency- C:0.00NA 4
    rs355183011,2
    Cpathogenic4914918(-) CCAGCA/GTAAAA 1 -- ut511Minor allele frequency- G:0.00NA 2
    rs356611681,2
    Cpathogenic4914963(-) TGCTTA/TTCTTA 1 -- ut510--------
    rs349759111,2
    C,F,H,pathogenic4914964(-) CTGCTT/CATCTT 1 -- ut513Minor allele frequency- C:0.01NS NA 176
    rs2004471781,2
    Cuntested4913453(-) CTTTGA/C/G/
            
    CAAGG
    4 D A G V mis11EU 1323

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for HBD (5253908 - 5256600 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for HBD: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): HBD

    Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): HBD

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing HBD
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for HBD

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    HBD for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 142000    OMIM disorders: --

    13 diseases for HBD:    About MalaCards
    beta thalassemia    thalassemia    thalassemia due to hb lepore    hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin
    thalassemia, delta-    hemoglobin s beta-thalassemia    sickle cell disease    sickle cell anemia
    hemoglobinopathy    werner syndrome    trypanosomiasis    anemia
    malaria

    3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for HBD:
    Thalassemia     Anemia     Sickle cell anemia

    2 Novoseek disease relationships for HBD gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    thalassemia 60.4 1 11493481 (1)
    sickle cell disease 41.2 1 7708766 (1)

    Genatlas disease: HBD
    thalassemia,delta


    Export disorders for HBD gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for HBD gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 145):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with HBD)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Two new delta-globin mutations: Hb A2-Ninive [delta133(H11)Val-Ala] and a delta(+)-thalassemia mutation [-31 (A-->G)] in the TATA box of the delta-globin gene. (PubMed id 15921167)1, 2, 9 Frischknecht H. and Dutly F. (2005)
    2. Epidemiology of the delta globin alleles in southern Italy shows complex molecular, genetic, and phenotypic features. (PubMed id 12402333)1, 2, 9 De Angioletti M.... Carestia C. (2002)
    3. Identification of four novel delta-globin gene mutations in Greek Cypriots using polymerase chain reaction and automated fluorescence- based DNA sequence analysis. (PubMed id 1742490)1, 2, 9 Trifillis P.... Surrey S. (1991)
    4. Analysis of delta-globin gene alleles in the Sicilian population: identification of five new mutations. (PubMed id 17145605)1, 2 Giambona A....Maggio A. (2006)
    5. The IVS-II-1(G>A) betao-thalassemia mutation in cis with HbA2-Troodos [Delta 116 (G18) Arg>Cys (CGC>TGC)] causes a complex prenatal diagnosis in an Iranian family. (PubMed id 16370491)1, 2 Eram S.M.... Abdolhosseini A. (2005)
    6. Identification of a new delta chain hemoglobin variant in a beta- thalassemia carrier: Hb A2-mumc [delta13(a10)Ala-->Asp]. (PubMed id 16370490)1, 2 Walker L.... Waye J.S. (2005)
    7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    8. Hb A2-Monreale delta146(HC3)His-->Arg, a novel delta chain variant detected in west Sicily. (PubMed id 11939506)1, 2 De Angioletti M.... Carestia C. (2002)
    9. Delta-thalassemic phenotype due to two 'novel' delta-globin gene mutations: CD11[GTC-->GGC (A8)-HbA2-Pylos] and CD 85[TTT-->TCT(F1)- HbA2-Etolia]. (PubMed id 9101295)1, 2 Drakoulakou O....Papadakis M. (1997)
    10. Hb A2-Agrinio [delta 43(CD2)Glu-->Gly(GAG-->GGG)]: a new delta chain variant detected in a Greek family. (PubMed id 8537235)1, 2 Papadakis M....Loutradi-Anagnostou A. (1995)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 3045 HGNC: 4829 AceView: HBD Ensembl:ENSG00000223609 euGenes: HUgn3045
    ECgene: HBD Kegg: 3045 H-InvDB: HBD

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    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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    PharmGKB entry for HBD Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
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