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HARS2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 53

GC05P140053
histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)
(Previous name: histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: HARSL)
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
EC 6.1.1.21 3
HARS-related 2
HARSL 2, 3
HARSR 1, 2, 3
HO3 1, 2, 3
HisRS 3
hisRS 2
Descriptions
Histidine--tRNA ligase 3
Histidine--tRNA ligase-like 3
histidine tRNA ligase 2, mitochondrial (putative) 2
histidine translase 2
histidine-tRNA ligase homolog 2
histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2 2
histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative) 2
histidyl-tRNA synthetase-like 1, 2
External Ids
HGNC: 48171
Entrez Gene: 234382
UniProtKB: P495903
Ensembl: ENSG000001258217
Search outside databases for aliases for HARS2 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC20P018556 GC20P018563 GC20P018516

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for HARS2:
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids.
The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme belonging to the class II family of aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases. Functioning in the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, the enzyme plays an accessory
role in the regulation of protein biosynthesis. The gene is located in a head-to-head orientation
with HARS on chromosome five, where the homologous genes share a bidirectional promoter. [provided
by RefSeq]

Gene Wiki entry for HARS2
(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the HARS2 gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q31.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  20p11.23   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q31.3

HARS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05P140053:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
140,051,202 bp from pter
End:
140,059,074 bp from pter
Size:
7,873 bases
Orientation:
plus strand

1 alternative location:
Chr20+ 18,516,556-18,692,561     
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.8  NT_029289.10  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHM_HUMAN, P49590 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Probable histidyl-tRNA synthetase, mitochondrial precursor  
Size: 506 amino acids; 56888 Da
Subcellular location: Mitochondrion matrix (By similarity)

Post-translational modifications:

  • View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite2


  • REFSEQ proteins: NP_036340.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
    ENSP00000366672 


    Human Recombinant Proteins 
    Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
    Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich  
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (HARS2)
    Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (HARSL)
                  OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: HARS2 

    3 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005737 cytoplasm NAS--
    GO:0005739 mitochondrion IEA--
    GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix IEA--
    About this table

    Antibodies for HARS2: 
    Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
    Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Browse Antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    Antibodies from Abcam (HARS2), each with their AbpromiseSM
    Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (HARSL)
    Novus Biologicals Antibody for HARS2

    Assays for HARS2: 
    Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
    Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR002314 aa-tRNA-synt_IIb_cons-reg
     IPR006195 aa-tRNA-synth_II_cons-reg
     IPR015807 His-tRNA-synth_IIa_sub
     IPR004154 Anticodon_bd
     IPR004516 His-tRNA_synth_IIA


       GeneDecks  HARS2 for the domains selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P49590

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P49590

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHM_HUMAN, P49590
    Similarity: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family

    (According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
    shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
    RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (HARS2)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (HARSL)
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_012208

                  Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for HARS2

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for HARS2  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for HARS2  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Clones:Invitrogen Clones for HARS2
    Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_012208
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_012208
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_012208 

    Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
                  OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_012208

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHM_HUMAN, P49590
    Catalytic activity: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)
    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 6.1.1.21 

    4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA--
    GO:0004821 histidine-tRNA ligase activity NAS7755634
    GO:0005524 ATP binding NAS--
    GO:0016874 ligase activity IEA--
    About this table

    (Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
    Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section


    2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for  HARS2  (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) 
     Histidine Metabolism
     Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis

       GeneDecks  HARS2 for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    2 Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for HARS2):
     hsa00340 Histidine metabolism
     hsa00970 Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis

       GeneDecks  HARS2 for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    1 Interacting protein for HARS2 (ENSP000003666723) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    --ENSP000003734243STRING (score=.736)
    About this table

    1 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006427 histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation IEA--
    About this table
    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

    Browse Tocris compounds for HARS2
    1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for HARS2 gene
    Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    trna 65.59 4 10983975 (2), 15964839 (1)
    About this table


    (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
    non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
    ESTs according to GeneTide,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
    siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
    shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (HARS2)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (HARSL)
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_012208

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for HARS2  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for HARS2  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

    NM_012208  

    REFSEQ mRNAs for HARS2 gene: 

    NM_012208.2   

    Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

    NM_012208  

                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_012208
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_012208
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_012208 

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK293269.1 AK293390.1 AK298661.1 AK299971.1 AK309832.1 AK311277.1 AK312976.1 BC007680.2 
    BC014982.1 CR613950.1 CR617548.1 U18937.1 

    11 DOTS entries:

    DT.115301  DT.100814557  DT.91764616  DT.120887688  DT.120887546  DT.452906  DT.100814561  DT.95120098 
    DT.91764613  DT.95103823  DT.91764610 

    24/532 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 532 ):

    BM719770 BU184708 AW029120 CD678311 AA513710 BU930888 BF796500 BF980999 
    BC014982 BX114048 BI915706 BQ433633 BM970051 AJ712800 AA496355 BM794321 
    BQ224071 AA708623 R73183 BU656872 BQ060977 AI383091 CA421132 BU193977 

    highest scoring ESTs for HARS2:

    AA076232 AA076233 AA280809 AA476629 AA602981 AA679795 AI189980 AI203033 AI214277 AI224558 

    Unigene Cluster for HARS2:

    Histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)
    Hs.432560  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_012208


    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:
    ENST00000377452  
    (Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
    probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
    About This Section

    HARS2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

     Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for HARS2

    1 / 2 / 3

    3 probe-sets matching HARS2 gene


    Affymetrix
    probe-set
    Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
    # genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

    37240_at2 U95-A 2 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 -- -- -- -- --

    209252_at2 U133-A 2 1.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- --

    209252_at2 U133Plus2 2 1.00 0.50 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    About this table
    Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
        About these images
    About these images

    CGAP SAGE TAG: TTAAATAAAA

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.432560

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHM_HUMAN, P49590
    Tissue specificity: A high level expression is seen in the heart, kidney and skeletal muscle while
    a lower level expression is seen in the brain and liver

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
    About This Section


    Orthologs for HARS2 gene from 5/7 species (see all 7 )
    Organism Gene Locus Description Human
    Similarity
    NCBI accessions
    dog
    (Canis familiaris)
    DTD11   -- D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 88.45(n)
    87.72(a)
    478035  XM_535214.2  XP_535214.2 
    chimpanzee
    (Pan troglodytes)
    DTD11   -- D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 99.8(n)
    100(a)
    462123  XM_517980.2  XP_517980.2 
    cow
    (Bos taurus)
    DTD11   -- D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 89.53(n)
    88.93(a)
    615182  XM_866574.2  XP_871667.1 
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Hars21, 5 185
    histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial (putative)1, 5 84.99(n)1
    84.52(a)1
    707911  NM_080636.11  NP_542367.11 
     AI5268935  AI5935075  (see all 20)
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    DTD11   -- D-tyrosyl-tRNA deacylase 1 homolog (S. cerevisiae) 70.91(n)
    71.21(a)
    768802  XM_001231931.1  XP_001231932.1 
    About this table        Species with no ortholog for HARS2

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HARS2
    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
    and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section


    10/19 NCBI SNPs in HARS2 are shown (see all 19 )
    (Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 34)
    ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidChr 5 posSequenceRecsAA
    Chg
    TypeMoreRecsAllele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ------------
    rs25302341,2
    A,C,F,H140057883(-) AGAAAC/TACTTC 1 -- int17Minor allele frequency- T:0.06EU EA WA NA 552
    rs68830351,2
    C,F,H140054067(+) GTACTG/AGAGCC 1 -- int17Minor allele frequency- A:0.24EU EA WA NA 560
    rs105155101,2
    C,F,H140053929(+) ACTGTG/CGCTCA 1 -- int116Minor allele frequency- C:0.02NS EU EA WA NA 1080
    rs68806191,2
    F,H140056235(+) CTTTTT/GCAGTT 1 -- int14Minor allele frequency- G:0.01EU EA WA 412
    rs171190561,2
    F,H140055658(+) TTGGCC/TTAATA 1 -- int17Minor allele frequency- T:0.03NA EU EA WA 558
    rs125134901,2
    C,H140053663(+) CTTATT/GTTTTG 1 -- int14Minor allele frequency- G:0.00EU EA WA 398
    rs77158791,2
    F,H140058160(+) TATAAG/ATAATG 1 -- int14Minor allele frequency- A:0.02EU EA WA 420
    rs131693681,2
    H140056598(+) GGATCT/Cttttt 1 -- int14Minor allele frequency- C:0.00EU EA WA 412
    --
    rs617369461,2
    --140057083(+) TGGTGC/GGCATG 1 G/R mis10--------
    --
    rs732733161,2
    --140056753(+) CCAGAC/TTATCC 1 L/L syn10--------
    About this table

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for HARS2 (up to first 250kb)

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    OMIM: 600783

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

      --

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    10/12 PubMed articles for HARS2 gene (see all 12 ):
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 23438 HGNC: 4817 AceView: HARSLandZMAT2 Ensembl:ENSG00000125821 euGenes: HUgn23438
    ECgene: HARS2 H-InvDB: HARS2
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

      --
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for HARS2:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



      Invitrogen iPath Pathways  Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
      Invitrogen Antibodies  Invitrogen Assays
      Invitrogen Clones  Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
      Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases  Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
      Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services  Search Invitrogen catalog for HARS2-related products

     Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     Millipore Immunoassay Services
     Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services


     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for HARS2 Browse antibodies at Sigma-Aldrich
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for HARS2 Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
     "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


      
     Antibodies   Primer Pairs  
     Cell Culture Products   ELISAs  
     Flow Cytometry Kits   Protease Activity Assays & Reagents  
     Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents   ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents  
     Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents   ELISpot Kits & Development Modules  
     Recombinant & Natural Proteins  

     Recombinant Proteins (HARSL)
     Antibodies (HARSL)
     Chimera RNAi (HARSL)
     Custom Service for Mouse Mab
     Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein
      
     Search for Antibodies & Assays

     Recombinant Proteins
    (HARS2)
     Antibodies (HARS2)
     Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
     Validated SYBR primer pairs
     Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
     Western blot validated antibodies
     shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector
     Search Tocris compounds for HARS2




     Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Antibodies for HARS2

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