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HARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66

GC05M140034

histidyl-tRNA synthetase
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
EC 6.1.1.21 ^³
FLJ20491 ^²
HRS ^², ³
HisRS ^², ³

Descriptions
Histidine--tRNA ligase ^³
histidine tRNA ligase 1, cytoplasmic ^²
histidine translase ^²
histidine-tRNA ligase ^²
histidyl-tRNA synthetase ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 4816¹
Entrez Gene: 3035²
UniProtKB: P12081³
Ensembl: ENSG00000170445⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for HARS gene

Previous GC identifers: GC05M139869 GC05M140636 GC05M140036 GC05M140081

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for HARS:

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes that charge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids.

The protein encoded by this gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme which belongs to the class II family of

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The enzyme is responsible for the synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA,

which is essential for the incorporation of histidine into proteins. The gene is located in a

head-to-head orientation with HARSL on chromosome five, where the homologous genes share a

bidirectional promoter. The gene product is a frequent target of autoantibodies in the human

autoimmune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis. [provided by RefSeq]

Gene Wiki entry for HARS

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the HARS gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q31.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 5q31.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q31.3

HARS Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 5 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05M140034: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	140,033,674 bp from pter
End:	140,051,155 bp from pter
Size:	17,482 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000005.8 NT_029289.10

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHC_HUMAN, P12081 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Histidyl-tRNA synthetase, cytoplasmic

Size: 509 amino acids; 57411 Da

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

Sequence caution: Sequence=CAA28956.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=Several;

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1X59 (3D)

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002100.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000304668

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for HARS
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (HARS)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (HARS)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	NAS	--

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Antibodies for HARS:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for HARS
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Antibodies from Abcam (HARS), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (HARS)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for HARS

Assays for HARS:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P12081

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P12081

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000738 WHEP-TRS domain

IPB004154 Anticodon binding domain

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHC_HUMAN, P12081

Similarity: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family

Similarity: Contains 1 WHEP-TRS domain

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (HARS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (HARS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_002109

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for HARS

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for HARS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for HARS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for HARS
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002109
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002109
untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002109

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_002109

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHC_HUMAN, P12081

Catalytic activity: ATP + L-histidine + tRNA(His) = AMP + diphosphate + L-histidyl-tRNA(His)

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 6.1.1.21

Genatlas biochemistry entry for HARS:

histidyl-tRNA synthetase,target autoantibodies in the immune disease polymyositis/dermatomyositis

4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000166	nucleotide binding	IEA	--
GO:0004821	histidine-tRNA ligase activity	NAS	1549469 7755634
GO:0005524	ATP binding	NAS	--
GO:0016874	ligase activity	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for HARS (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Histidine Metabolism
Aminoacyl-tRNA Biosynthesis

GeneDecks HARS for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for HARS

5/202 Interacting proteins for HARS (P12081² ENSP00000304668³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 202 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
RPL5P34	P46777², ENSP00000359345³	MINT-6542674 STRING (score=.765)
ARHGEF4	Q9NR80²	MINT-6542674
CUL1	Q13616²	MINT-6542674
CUL2	Q13617²	MINT-6542674
CUL3	Q13618²	MINT-6542674

About this table

1 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006427	histidyl-tRNA aminoacylation	IEA	--

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for HARS

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (HARS)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (HARS)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_002109

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for HARS

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for HARS

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_002109

REFSEQ mRNAs for HARS gene:

NM_002109.3

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_002109

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002109
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002109
                                 untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002109

Additional cDNA sequence:

AK000498.1 AK094406.1 AK225776.1 AK293154.1 AK293531.1 AK295219.1 AK302295.1 AK303778.1

AK307669.1 AY995220.1 BC011807.2 BC080514.1 CR595110.1 CR596101.1 CR607453.1 CR608398.1

CR609422.1

23 DOTS entries:

DT.452906 DT.97864368 DT.100813105 DT.95171401 DT.100783763 DT.91764618 DT.435033 DT.101966816

DT.100030876 DT.120887671 DT.120887591 DT.120887651 DT.120887685 DT.100030880 DT.120887619 DT.120887647

DT.120887550 DT.91719427 DT.95171385 DT.95171393 DT.100814557 DT.115301 DT.95258995

24/386 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 386 ):

CR609422 CA503336 BG177786 CR608398 BM756043 BM707376 CF132667 BI259343

BX402935 BM704203 AA586865 AU122594 AI685554 CD364439 CB215608 BF477780

BQ064046 BM825920 BU687381 Z40900 BQ063564 BM843887 CF134797 BC080514

highest scoring ESTs for HARS:

AA323719 AA334715 AA341345 AA374007 AA375856 AK000498 AU120966 AU122521 AU122594 AU126371

Unigene Cluster for HARS:

Histidyl-tRNA synthetase

Hs.528050 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK000498

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/12 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for HARS (see all 12 )

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	·	1f	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	·	5d	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	·	6d	^	7	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c	^	9	^	10	^	11a	·
SP1:																	-				-						-		-																						-
SP2:																	-		-		-		-		-		-		-
SP3:																	-				-				-		-		-
SP4:															-		-				-						-		-
SP5:																	-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-

ExUns:	11b	·	11c	^	12	^	13a	·	13b
SP1:	-
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for HARS

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:

ENST00000307633

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

HARS expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for HARS

¹ / ² / ³

5 probe-sets matching HARS gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
72022_r_at²^{, 3}	U95-E	1	1.00	1.00	0.90	0.50	AA904602	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
74823_f_at²^{, 3}	U95-D	1	1.00	1.00	0.67	1.65	AW022495	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
34744_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	0.50	1.00	0.28	0.91	M96646	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
202042_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_002109	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
202042_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TGTGGGGCTC

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.528050
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for HARS
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SYHC_HUMAN, P12081
Tissue specificity: Brain, heart, liver and kidney

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for HARS gene from 5/23 species (see all 23 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	HARS¹	--	histidyl-tRNA synthetase	90.7(n) 95.87(a)	478034 XM_535213.2 XP_535213.2
cow (Bos taurus)	HARS¹	--	histidyl-tRNA synthetase	90.83(n) 96.07(a)	510937 NM_001046066.1 NP_001039531.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Hars¹	--	histidyl-tRNA synthetase	88.93(n) 95.06(a)	307492 NM_001025414.1 NP_001020585.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Hars^{1, 5}	18⁵	histidyl-tRNA synthetase^{1, 5}	88.15(n)¹ 94.5(a)¹	15115¹ NM_008214.3¹ NP_032240.2¹ AK011685⁵ AK014253⁵ (see all 19)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	HARS¹	--	histidyl-tRNA synthetase	77.15(n) 83.77(a)	416132 NM_001006144.1 NP_001006144.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for HARS

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for HARS

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

Paralogs for HARS gene

ENSG00000112855²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/80 NCBI SNPs in HARS are shown (see all 80 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 64)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 5 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--				--
--	rs1050250^1,2	H	140037486(-)	`TTGCTA/GTCTGT`	1	I/V	mis¹ ese³		5		MN EU EA WA	590
	rs2230361^1,2	C,F,O	140037719(-)	`ATGTGC/TGAGAT`	1	C/C	syn¹		9		MN NA EU EA WA	674
	rs2073512^1,2	C,F,H,O	140039077(+)	`GAAGGC/TTCAAA`	1	--	int¹		9		EA EU WA NA	1936
	rs811382^1,2	A,C,F,H	140037400(-)	`GACTTC/TTTTTC`	1	--	int¹ trp³		5		MN EU EA WA	602
	rs801185^1,2	A,C,F,H	140049053(-)	`ggtatT/Ccacat`	1	--	int¹		4		EU EA WA	418
	rs2530239^1,2	A,C,F,H	140042731(-)	`AGAAGA/GGGGAC`	1	--	int¹ trp³		4		EU EA WA	412
--	rs801186^1,2	C,F,H	140047962(-)	`AcaagA/Gctctt`	1	--	int¹		8		EU EA WA	838
	rs11954514^1,2	C,F,H	140036959(+)	`CCTGGA/CCTCTA`	1	--	int¹		11		NA EU EA WA	978
	rs702396^1,2	C,F,H	140048292(-)	`tgttaG/Cttttg`	1	--	int¹		11		EU EA WA NA	966
--	rs11745372^1,2	A,C	140046454(+)	`aacctC/Ttgctt`	1	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for HARS (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 142810

2 Novoseek disease relationships for HARS gene

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
myositis	78.71	11	9287147 (4), 1688885 (2), 17665459 (1)
polymyositis	66.33	1	12235211 (1)

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Human Gene Mutation Database: HARS

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

Iplex Available in U.S. for Children With Severe Short Stature

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/28 PubMed articles for HARS gene (see all 28 ):

A novel gene oriented in a head-to-head configuration with the human histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) gene encodes an mRNA that predicts a polypeptide homologous to HRS. (PubMed id 7755634)^{1, 3, 4} O'Hanlon T.P.... Miller F.W. (1995)
Transcriptional analyses of the gene region that encodes human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: identification of a novel bidirectional regulatory element. (PubMed id 8406012)^{1, 3, 4} Tsui H.W.... Tsui F.W.L. (1993)
Human histidyl-tRNA synthetase: recognition of amino acid signature regions in class 2a aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. (PubMed id 1549469)^{1, 3, 4} Raben N.... Plotz P. (1992)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Isolation, structure and expression of mammalian genes for histidyl- tRNA synthetase. (PubMed id 3554142)^{3, 4} Tsui F.W.L. and Siminovitch L. (1987)
Novel conformation of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase in the lung: the target tissue in Jo-1 autoantibody-associated myositis. (PubMed id 17665459)^{1, 3} Levine S.M....Casciola-Rosen L.A. (2007)
Cellular localization of the target structures recognized by the anti-Jo-1 antibody: immunofluorescence studies on cultured human myoblasts. (PubMed id 2023220)^{1, 3} Shi M.H....Rubin L.A. (1991)
Clinical significance of anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase (Jo1) autoantibodies. (PubMed id 17785330)³ Gomard-Mennesson E....Rousset H. (2007)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)³ Ota T....Sugano S. (2004)
TSG101 interaction with HRS mediates endosomal trafficking and receptor down-regulation. (PubMed id 12802020)³ Lu Q....Cohen S.N. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 3035	HGNC: 4816	AceView: HARS	Ensembl:ENSG00000170445	euGenes: HUgn3035
ECgene: HARS	H-InvDB: HARS

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Licensable Technologies for HARS
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

About This Section

(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for HARS:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for HARS-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for HARS		Antibodies for HARS
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Proteins for HARS
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for HARS		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (HARS)
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	Chimera RNAi (HARS)
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	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

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GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

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HARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66

Aliases &
Descriptions
for HARS

Summaries
for HARS

Genomic Location
for HARS

Proteins
for HARS

Protein Domains/
Families
for HARS

Gene Function
for HARS

Pathways & Interactions
for HARS

Drugs & Compounds
for HARS

Transcripts
for HARS

Expression
for HARS

Orthologs
for HARS

Paralogs
for HARS

SNPs/Variants
for HARS

Disorders & Mutations
for HARS

Medical News
for HARS

Publications
for HARS

Search for HARS

Genome Databases showing HARS

Other Databases showing HARS

Specialized Databases showing HARS

Licensable Technologies
for HARS

Services
for HARS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

HARS Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66

Aliases & Descriptionsfor HARS

Summariesfor HARS

Genomic Locationfor HARS

Proteinsfor HARS

Protein Domains/Familiesfor HARS

Gene Functionfor HARS

Pathways & Interactionsfor HARS

Drugs & Compoundsfor HARS

Transcriptsfor HARS

Expression for HARS

Orthologsfor HARS

Paralogsfor HARS

SNPs/Variantsfor HARS

Disorders & Mutationsfor HARS

Medical Newsfor HARS

Publicationsfor HARS

Search for HARS

Genome Databases showing HARS

Other Databases showing HARS

Specialized Databases showing HARS

Licensable Technologiesfor HARS

Servicesfor HARS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for HARS

Summaries
for HARS

Genomic Location
for HARS

Proteins
for HARS

Protein Domains/
Families
for HARS

Gene Function
for HARS

Pathways & Interactions
for HARS

Drugs & Compounds
for HARS

Transcripts
for HARS

Expression
for HARS

Orthologs
for HARS

Paralogs
for HARS

SNPs/Variants
for HARS

Disorders & Mutations
for HARS

Medical News
for HARS

Publications
for HARS

Licensable Technologies
for HARS

Services
for HARS