Home
GeneCards Guide
Suite
- MalaCards
- GeneALaCart
- GeneDecks
- GeneIP
- GeneLoc
Terms and Conditions
- Terms of Use
- 3rd Party Notice
About Us
User Feedback
Mirror sites

Set Analyses:

Generates a file of GeneCards annotations for your list of genes

Advanced Search

Search By

Section (entire)

for

All GeneCards Within gene subset (to enable gene prioritization):
or upload a file of gene symbols

Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GSTA4 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC06M052889

glutathione S-transferase alpha 4

(Previous name: glutathione S-transferase A4 )

Explore 32 diseases affiliated with
GSTA4 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 4¹ ²		GTA4²
Glutathione S-Transferase A4¹ ²		Glutathione S-Alkyltransferase A4²
Glutathione S-Transferase A4-4² ³		Glutathione S-Aralkyltransferase A4²
GST Class-Alpha Member 4² ³		Glutathione S-Aryltransferase A4²
EC 2.5.1.18³ ⁸		Glutathione Transferase A4-4²
GSTA4-4²		S-(Hydroxyalkyl)Glutathione Lyase A4²

External Ids:	HGNC: 4629¹	Entrez Gene: 2941²	Ensembl: ENSG00000170899⁷	OMIM: 605450⁵	UniProtKB: O15217³

Export aliases for GSTA4 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06M052844 GC06M052950 GC06M052674

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GSTA4:

Cytosolic and membrane-bound forms of glutathione S-transferase are encoded by two distinct supergene families. These

enzymes are involved in cellular defense against toxic, carcinogenic, and pharmacologically active electrophilic

compounds. At present, eight distinct classes of the soluble cytoplasmic mammalian glutathione S-transferases have

been identified: alpha, kappa, mu, omega, pi, sigma, theta and zeta. This gene encodes a glutathione S-tranferase

belonging to the alpha class. The alpha class genes, which are located in a cluster on chromosome 6, are highly

related and encode enzymes with glutathione peroxidase activity that function in the detoxification of lipid

peroxidation products. Reactive electrophiles produced by oxidative metabolism have been linked to a number of

degenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cataract formation, and atherosclerosis.

(provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GSTA4_HUMAN, O15217

Function: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

This isozyme has a high catalytic efficiency with 4-hydroxyalkenals such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)

summary for GSTA4:

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze a variety of reactions in both

eukaryotes and prokaryotes. They catalyze the conjugation of reduced glutathione with potentially toxic,

xenobiotic substrates, thus aiding excretion from the body.

Gene Wiki entry for GSTA4

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000006.11 NC_018917.1 NT_007592.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GSTA4 gene promoter:
POU2F2 (Oct-2.1) Oct-B1 oct-B3 oct-B2 Nkx2-5 POU2F2 POU2F2C POU2F1 POU2F1a POU2F2B
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GSTA4 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GSTA4

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p12.1 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 6p12.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p12.2

GSTA4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GSTA4 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06M052889: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	52,842,746 bp from pter	End:	52,860,178 bp from pter
Size:	17,433 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GSTA4_HUMAN, O15217 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Glutathione S-transferase A4

Size: 222 amino acids; 25704 Da

Subunit: Homodimer

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm

3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for GSTA4:

1GUL (3D)

1GUM (3D)

3IK7 (3D)

Secondary accessions: B2RD15 Q5T7Q8 Q9BX18 Q9H414

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GSTA4: NX_O15217

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O15217

4/5 DME Specific Peptides for GSTA4 (O15217) (see all 5)

SNIPTIK

RYFPVFEK

FLVGNQLS

LAAAGVEF

GSTA4 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_001503.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000360002 ENSP00000359999 ENSP00000359998 ENSP00000394228 ENSP00000439439

Reactome Protein details: O15217
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: GSTA4 OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: GSTA4 OriGene Custom Protein Services for GSTA4
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GSTA4
	Novus Biologicals GSTA4 Proteins Novus Biologicals GSTA4 Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GSTA4
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--

GSTA4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

GSTA4 Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	OriGene Antibodies (see all 4): GSTA4 OriGene Custom Antibody Services for GSTA4
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for GSTA4
	Novus Biologicals GSTA4 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for GSTA4
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for GSTA4

Assay Products for GSTA4:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GSTA4
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GSTA4 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):

IPR012336 Thioredoxin-like_fold

IPR003080 GST_alpha

IPR004046 GST_C

IPR017933 Glutathione_S_Trfase/Cl_chnl_C

IPR004045 Glutathione_S-Trfase_N

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O15217

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O15217

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB003080 Alpha-class glutathione S-transferase signature

IPB004045 Glutathione S-transferase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GSTA4_HUMAN, O15217

Similarity: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Alpha family

Similarity: Contains 1 GST C-terminal domain

Similarity: Contains 1 GST N-terminal domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GSTA4_HUMAN, O15217

Function: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles.

This isozyme has a high catalytic efficiency with 4-hydroxyalkenals such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)

Catalytic activity: RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GSTA4:

glutathione S-transferase,alpha 4,ubiquitously expressed

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 2.5.1.18¹ ²

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: GSTA4 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GSTA4
		5 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GSTA4:
		hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-767-5p hsa-miR-450b-3p hsa-miR-29b
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GSTA4 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GSTA4 OriGene siRNA: GSTA4
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GSTA4

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GSTA4

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GSTA4 (NM_001512)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GSTA4
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GSTA4

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GSTA4
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GSTA4

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GSTA4

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004364	glutathione transferase activity	IDA	11851347
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	IPI	10329152

GSTA4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Gsta4^tm1Pzim for GSTA4
     5 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Gsta4):

cellular

homeostasis/metabolism

immune system

reproductive system

skeleton

GSTA4 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/6 super-pathways (see all 6) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Glutathione metabolism

Glutathione metabolism	1.00	glutathione-mediated detoxification I	0.53
Glutathione metabolism	0.92	Glutathione conjugation	0.50
Glutathione metabolism	0.70

Biological oxidations

	Biological oxidations	1.00			metapathway biotransformation	0.41
	Phase II conjugation	0.52

2-Naphthylamine and 2-Nitronaphtalene metabolism

2-Naphthylamine and 2-Nitronaphtalene metabolism

1.00

2-Naphthylamine and 2-Nitronaphtalene metabolism

0.95

Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450

Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450

1.00

Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450

0.73

Metabolism

Metabolism

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

2 EMD Millipore Pathways for GSTA4

	2-Naphthylamine and 2-Nitronaphtalene metabolism
	Glutathione metabolism

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for GSTA4

	2-Naphthylamine and 2-Nitronaphtalene metabolism
	Glutathione metabolism

3 BioSystems Pathways for GSTA4

	glutathione-mediated detoxification I
	metapathway biotransformation
	4-hydroxy-2-nonenal detoxification

4 Reactome Pathways for GSTA4

	Metabolism
	Biological oxidations
	Glutathione conjugation
	Phase II conjugation

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for GSTA4):

	Glutathione metabolism
	Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
	Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450

GSTA4 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for GSTA4

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/62 Interacting proteins for GSTA4 (O15217² ENSP00000359998⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 62)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
GSTA4	O15217²	MINT-68483
ADH1A	ENSP00000209668⁴	STRING: ENSP00000209668
ADH1B	ENSP00000306606⁴	STRING: ENSP00000306606
ADH4	ENSP00000265512⁴	STRING: ENSP00000265512
ADH5	ENSP00000296412⁴	STRING: ENSP00000296412

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006749	glutathione metabolic process	IDA	10329152
GO:0006805	xenobiotic metabolic process	TAS	--
GO:0044281	small molecule metabolic process	TAS	--

GSTA4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

GSTA4 for compounds About GeneDecksing

EMD Millipore small molecules for GSTA4:
Small Molecule - inhibitor

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for GSTA4 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Ellagic acid	Selective inhibitor of CK2. Also inhibits glutathione S-transferase	[476-66-4]

10/13 HMDB Compounds for GSTA4 (see all 13) About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
4-Hydroxynonenal	4-hydroxynon-2-enal (see all 5)	75899-68-2	15288119
2-Hydroxyestrone-1-S-glutathione	2,3-dihydroxy-1,3,5[10]-estratriene-17-one-1-S-glutathione;2-hydroxyestrone-1-S-glutathione	--	--
2-Hydroxyestrone-4-S-glutathione	2,3-dihydroxy-1,3,5[10]-estratriene-17-one-4-S-glutathione	--	--
4-Hydroxyestrone-2-S-glutathione	3,4-dihydroxy-1,3,5[10]-estratriene-17-one-2-S-glutathione	--	--
Adrenochrome	adrenochrome oxidised;adrenochrome O-quinone;N-methyl-5,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3-hydroxyindole;N-methyl-5,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3-indolol;AdChr	54-06-8	--
Estrone-2,3-quinone	catecholestrogen quinone	40551-33-5	--
Estrone-3,4-quinone	catecholestrogen quinone	633-34-1	--
Glutathione	5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (see all 32)	70-18-8	--
Hydrochloric acid	Hydrogen chloride anhydrous [UN1050] [Poison gas] (see all 16)	7647-01-0	--
Noradrenochrome	noradrenochrome O-quinone;noradrenochrome oxidised;5,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3-hydroxyindole;5,6-dioxo-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-3-indolol;AdChr	490-89-1	--

1 DrugBank Compound for GSTA4 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
Glutathione	5-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (see all 5)	70-18-8	target	--	17553661

3 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GSTA4 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
4-hydroxynonenal	86.3	39	20085333 (6), 18782442 (3), 19482077 (1), 9461507 (1) (see all 10)
gsts	84.8	3	12833161 (1), 16054170 (1), 18664505 (1)
lipid	45.9	10	9461507 (1), 12230403 (1), 17561509 (1), 20085333 (1) (see all 8)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GSTA4

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GSTA4 gene:

NM_001512.3

Unigene Cluster for GSTA4:

Glutathione S-transferase alpha 4

Hs.485557 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC071631

7 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000486559 ENST00000477599 ENST00000370963(uc003pbf.3) ENST00000370960

ENST00000370959 ENST00000457564 ENST00000541324(uc003pbd.3)

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: GSTA4 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GSTA4
		5 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GSTA4:
		hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-767-5p hsa-miR-450b-3p hsa-miR-29b
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GSTA4 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GSTA4 OriGene siRNA: GSTA4
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GSTA4

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GSTA4 (NM_001512)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GSTA4
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GSTA4

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse / rat GSTA4
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF020918.1 AF025887.1 AF125271.1 AF125272.1 AF125273.1 AK074541.1 AK125212.1 AK315369.1

BC015523.2 BC063439.1 BC071631.1 Y13047.1

18 DOTS entries:

DT.456142 DT.447913 DT.95208217 DT.102844276 DT.121406104 DT.447912 DT.100795806 DT.121406239

DT.121406141 DT.87015516 DT.95271705 DT.95271709 DT.95333186 DT.100795800 DT.121406134 DT.92439624

DT.100738501 DT.100795808

24/271 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 271):

CA314433 CA424585 AF125272 CR597241 BF436349 BE796228 CR594939 BM700452

BI827183 Y13047 CR599141 AI583968 CA393326 AA418695 AA759194 AA354972

BP371356 BI754166 W42533 AA298566 AI554147 AA777851 BM698104 AV710933

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/18 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GSTA4 (see all 18) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	^	2	^	3a	·	3b	·	3c	·	3d	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	·	5d	·	5e	·	5f	·	5g	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	·	6d	^	7	^	8a	·	8b	^
SP1:											-		-		-				-		-				-										-		-		-						-		-
SP2:											-		-		-				-		-				-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-		-
SP3:											-		-		-				-		-				-								-		-		-		-		-				-		-
SP4:																									-										-		-		-						-		-
SP5:																									-				-		-		-		-		-		-						-		-

ExUns:	9a	·	9b	·	9c	·	9d	·	9e	·	9f
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GSTA4

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GSTA4 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TCCTGTAGCC

About this image

GSTA4 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

7 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Extraembryonic Mesoderm

Extraembryonic Blood Islands

Primitive Erythrocytes

Blood

Eye

Inner Nuclear Layer

Mature Rod Bipolar Cells

Bipolar, Retina

Bone

Caudal Endochondral Bones

Bone

Brain

Brain

Neural Tube

Presumptive Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

Stem Cell Differentiation: 2 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

Mesendoderm-like cells (Generation of mesend...)

Mature follicles (In-vitro growth and ...)

See GSTA4 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GSTA4

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.485557

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GSTA4_HUMAN, O15217

Tissue specificity: Expressed at a high level in brain, placenta, and skeletal muscle and much lower in lung and liver

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GSTA4:

Drug Metabolism: Phase II Enzymes in human mouse rat

Drug Metabolism in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse / rat GSTA4
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GSTA4

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for GSTA4 gene from 2/13 species (see all 13) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	Q9W6J2_CHICK⁶	glutathione S-transferase A3	62(a)	1 ↔ 1	3(91190846-91198880)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	gstal⁶ zgc:173961⁶ (see all 3)	zgc:173961 (see all 3)	53(a) 53(a) (see all 3)	many ↔ many many ↔ many (see all 3)	13(715869-724232) 13(701311-704057)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GSTA4 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GSTA4 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for GSTA4 gene

GSTA5² GSTA3² GSTA1² GSTM1² GSTM3² GSTA2² GSTP1² GSTM4²

HPGDS² GSTM5² GSTM2²

5 SIMAP similar genes for GSTA4 using alignment to 3 protein entries: GSTA4_HUMAN (see all proteins):

GSTA2 GSTA3 GSTA5 GSTA1 GSTalpha locus

GSTA4 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 6 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs11267973^1,2	C,	--	52842295(+)	`TCTCA-/AACTCCTGACC TCAGGTGATCTACAACTC`	1	--	ds500¹		1		NA	2
rs66845427^1,2	C	--	52842295(+)	`TCTCA-/AACTCCTGACC TCAGGTGATCTACAACTC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs643729^1,2	C,H	--	52842302(+)	`CTCCTC/GACCTC`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs644100^1,2	C,	--	52842371(+)	`GGGAGC/ACCCTG`	1	--	ds500¹		8		WA NA EA	368
rs189779178^1,2		--	52842572(+)	`GGAAGC/GGTACA`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs3798809^1,2	C,F,	--	52842688(-)	`TTGCAC/TGGTTC`	1	--	ds500¹		2		EA WA	1426
rs181367731^1,2		--	52842717(+)	`AAAAAC/TTAATT`	1	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs405729^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	52842781(-)	`TCAGTG/ATTAGC`	1	--	ut3¹		42		MN NS EA NA WA	5816
rs45547837^1,2	C,	--	52842784(-)	`CAATCA/GGTGTT`	1	--	ut3¹		5		NS	190
rs7496^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	52842839(-)	`GTCTAG/ATAAAT`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		42		MN EA NA NS WA CSA	6166

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GSTA4 (52842746 - 52860178 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for GSTA4
1 CNV: 2631

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GSTA4

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GSTA4

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

GSTA4 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 605450    OMIM disorders: --

20/32 diseases for GSTA4 (see all 32):    About MalaCards

parkinson's disease alzheimer's disease atherosclerosis cataract

dissecting aortic aneurysm malignant pleural mesothelioma aortic aneurysm urinary bladder cancer

toxic encephalopathy barrett's adenocarcinoma schistosomiasis neurodegenerative disease

brain disease lung cancer hepatitis b skin cancer

hermaphroditism noma oral cancer pulmonary disease

2 Novoseek disease relationships for GSTA4 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
atherosclerosis	14.8	1	15064094 (1)
parkinson disease	6.78	1	16054170 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): GSTA4
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GSTA4 (24 documents)

Export disorders for GSTA4 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for GSTA4 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 69):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GSTA4)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Identification of cDNAs encoding two human alpha class glutathione transferases (GSTA3 and GSTA4) and the heterologous expression of GSTA4-4. (PubMed id 9480897)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Board P.G. (1998)
Substrate specificity combined with stereopromiscuity in glutathione transferase A4-4-dependent metabolism of 4-hydroxynonenal. (PubMed id 20085333)^{1, 2, 9} Balogh L.M....Atkins W.M. (2010)
Human glutathione transferase A4-4 crystal structures and mutagenesis reveal the basis of high catalytic efficiency with toxic lipid peroxidation products. (PubMed id 10329152)^{1, 2, 9} Bruns C.M.... Tainer J.A. (1999)
Human glutathione transferase A4-4: an alpha class enzyme with high catalytic efficiency in the conjugation of 4-hydroxynonenal and other genotoxic products of lipid peroxidation. (PubMed id 9461507)^{1, 2, 9} Hubatsch I.... Mannervik B. (1998)
Molecular implications of the human glutathione transferase A-4 gene (hGSTA4) polymorphisms in neurodegenerative diseases. (PubMed id 16054170)^{1, 4, 9} Coppede F....Migliore L. (2005)
Transfection of HepG2 cells with hGSTA4 provides protection against 4-hydroxynonenal-mediated oxidative injury. (PubMed id 17553661)^{1, 7} Gallagher E.P....Gardner J.L. (2007)
A comprehensive analysis of phase I and phase II metabolism gene polymorphisms and risk of colorectal cancer. (PubMed id 16006997)^{1, 4} Landi S....Canzian F. (2005)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. (PubMed id 14574404)^{1, 2} Mungall A.J.... Beck S. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 2941	HGNC: 4629	AceView: GSTA4	Ensembl:ENSG00000170899	euGenes: HUgn2941
ECgene: GSTA4	Kegg: 2941	H-InvDB: GSTA4

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GSTA4	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for GSTA4	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/gsta4/

Intellectual Property for GSTA4 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for GSTA4 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GSTA4

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
	EMD Millipore small molecules (inhibitor) for GSTA4
	Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore

	EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
	EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Browse Antibodies		Browse Cell Culture Products
	Browse ELISAs		Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
	Browse Primer Pairs		Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents
	Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules		Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays
	Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents		Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents
	Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents		Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents
	Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents		Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents
	Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents		Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins

	OriGene Antibodies for GSTA4		OriGene shRNA RFP for GSTA4
	OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4
	OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for GSTA4		Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	OriGene siRNA for GSTA4		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for GSTA4
	OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GSTA4
	Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector		Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
	Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs		Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
	OriGene Purified Protein for GSTA4		OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
	OriGene Custom Antibody Services for GSTA4		OriGene Custom Protein Services for GSTA4
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development

	QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat GSTA4
	QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GSTA4
	QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4
	QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GSTA4
	QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4
	QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GSTA4

	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GSTA4		GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for GSTA4
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GSTA4		GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for GSTA4
	GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GSTA4		CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
	Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector		Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
	Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11		Plasmid Preparation
	Custom Peptide Services

Search for Antibodies & Assays

	Regulatory tfbs in GSTA4 promoter
	Search Chromatin IP Primers for GSTA4
	RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse / rat GSTA4
	Search GNC Networks for GSTA4
	SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse / rat GSTA4

Tocris compounds for GSTA4

	Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
	Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
	Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
	Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
	Bulk Purchasing

Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

	Novus Tissue Slides
	GSTA4 antibodies
	GSTA4 proteins
	GSTA4 lysates

	Antibodies for GSTA4
	See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for GSTA4
	Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
	Bulk Purchasing
	Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
	Abcam protocols and scientific support

Recombinant Protein for GSTA4

Browse ELISAs, CLIAs, Proteins, and Antibodies at Uscn

Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GSTA4

	Gene Synthesis
	Protein Engineering
	Variant Library Synthesis
	Codon Optimization
	Protein Production and Purification

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GSTA4

	SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for GSTA4
	SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for GSTA4

Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for GSTA4

Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GSTA4

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

View Random Gene

Category			VWF (GIFTS: 73) von Willebrand factor
GIFtS Group

The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

The GeneCards Human Gene Database

Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

Hot genes Disease genes GSTA4 gene at Home site.

hostname: 356980-web2.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4

Advanced Search

Export list of displayed genes

GSTA4 Gene

glutathione S-transferase alpha 4

Aliases
for GSTA4 gene

Summaries
for GSTA4 gene

Genomic Views
for GSTA4 gene

Proteins
for GSTA4 gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for GSTA4 gene

Function
for GSTA4 gene

Pathways & Interactions
for GSTA4 gene

Drugs & Compounds
for GSTA4 gene

Transcripts
for GSTA4 gene

Expression
for GSTA4 gene

Orthologs
for GSTA4 gene

Paralogs
for GSTA4 gene

Genomic Variants
for GSTA4 gene

Disorders / Diseases
for GSTA4 gene

Publications
for GSTA4 gene

External Searches for GSTA4 gene

Genome Databases showing GSTA4 gene

Other Databases showing GSTA4 gene

Specialized Databases showing GSTA4 gene

Intellectual Property
for GSTA4 gene

Products
for GSTA4 gene

View Random Gene

Advanced Search

Export list of displayed genes

GSTA4 Gene

glutathione S-transferase alpha 4

Aliasesfor GSTA4 gene

Summariesfor GSTA4 gene

Genomic Viewsfor GSTA4 gene

Proteinsfor GSTA4 gene

Protein Domains /Familiesfor GSTA4 gene

Functionfor GSTA4 gene

Pathways & Interactionsfor GSTA4 gene

Drugs & Compoundsfor GSTA4 gene

Transcriptsfor GSTA4 gene

Expression for GSTA4 gene

Orthologsfor GSTA4 gene

Paralogsfor GSTA4 gene

Genomic Variantsfor GSTA4 gene

Disorders / Diseasesfor GSTA4 gene

Publicationsfor GSTA4 gene

External Searches for GSTA4 gene

Genome Databases showing GSTA4 gene

Other Databases showing GSTA4 gene

Specialized Databases showing GSTA4 gene

Intellectual Propertyfor GSTA4 gene

Productsfor GSTA4 gene

View Random Gene

Aliases
for GSTA4 gene

Summaries
for GSTA4 gene

Genomic Views
for GSTA4 gene

Proteins
for GSTA4 gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for GSTA4 gene

Function
for GSTA4 gene

Pathways & Interactions
for GSTA4 gene

Drugs & Compounds
for GSTA4 gene

Transcripts
for GSTA4 gene

Expression
for GSTA4 gene

Orthologs
for GSTA4 gene

Paralogs
for GSTA4 gene

Genomic Variants
for GSTA4 gene

Disorders / Diseases
for GSTA4 gene

Publications
for GSTA4 gene

Intellectual Property
for GSTA4 gene

Products
for GSTA4 gene