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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GRM4 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC06M034891

glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4

Explore 22 diseases affiliated with
GRM4 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Glutamate Receptor, Metabotropic 4¹ ²
MGLUR4¹ ² ³ ⁵
GPRC1D¹ ² ³
MGlu4¹
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4²
MGluR4¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 4596¹	Entrez Gene: 2914²	Ensembl: ENSG00000124493⁷	OMIM: 604100⁵	UniProtKB: Q14833³

Export aliases for GRM4 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06M033991 GC06M034036 GC06M034097 GC06M033731 GC06M034039 GC06M034203

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GRM4:

L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and

metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function

and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G

protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal

transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been

shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8.

Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist

selectivities. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by

RefSeq, Feb 2012)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM4_HUMAN, Q14833

Function: Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate

cyclase activity

summary for GRM4:

Metabotropic Glutamate (mGlu) group III receptors are members of the metabotropic class of glutamate

receptors, which also includes mGlu group I and mGlu group II receptors. Group III receptors are divided

into four subtypes, mGlu4, mGlu6, mGlu7 and mGlu8. The receptors are coupled to Gi/o which inhibits adenylyl

cyclase, decreasing the formation of cAMP. mGlu group III receptors are involved in spatial learning and

memory, and umami taste (mGlu4), stimulation of photoreceptors (mGlu6), long term depression (mGlu7) and

presynaptic inhibition in the perforant pathway (mGlu8). The human genes for mGlu4, mGlu6, mGlu7 and mGlu8

receptors have been localized to chromosomes 6 (6p21.3), 5 (5q35), 3 (3p26-p25) and 7 (7q31.3-q32.1)

respectively.

Gene Wiki entry for GRM4 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000006.11 NC_018917.1 NT_007592.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GRM4 gene promoter:
Egr-3 Spz1 USF1 AP-2gamma POU2F1 E2F-1 E2F USF-1 POU2F1a NF-kappaB1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GRM4 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GRM4

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GRM4

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p21.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 6p21.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.3

GRM4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GRM4 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06M034891: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	33,989,628 bp from pter	End:	34,123,399 bp from pter
Size:	133,772 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM4_HUMAN, Q14833 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 precursor

Size: 912 amino acids; 101868 Da

Subunit: Interacts with PICK1 (By similarity)

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein

Secondary accessions: B7Z1T9 B7Z1U6 F5GXM5 Q5SZ84

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: Q14833-1 Q14833-2 Q14833-3 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GRM4: NX_Q14833

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q14833

GRM4 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (7 alternative transcripts):

NP_000832.1 NP_001243738.1 NP_001243739.1 NP_001243740.1 NP_001243741.1 NP_001243742.1 NP_001243743.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000363296 ENSP00000363292 ENSP00000440556 ENSP00000437730 ENSP00000437925

ENSP00000398456 ENSP00000445533

Reactome Protein details: Q14833
Human Recombinant Protein Products for GRM4:

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	Uscn Proteins for GRM4

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	IDA	15102938
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	IDA	15102938
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	--	--
GO:0031410	cytoplasmic vesicle	IDA	15102938

GRM4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for GRM4

Assay Products for GRM4:

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	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GRM4

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GRM4 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):

IPR011500 GPCR_3_9-Cys_dom

IPR000337 GPCR_3

IPR001786 GPCR_3_mtglu_rcpt_4

IPR017979 GPCR_3_CS

IPR017978 GPCR_3_C

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q14833

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q14833

4 Blocks protein families:

IPB000162 Metabotropic glutamate receptor signature

IPB000337 G-protein coupled receptors family 3 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor-like)

IPB001786 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 signature

IPB001828 Extracellular ligand-binding receptor

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM4_HUMAN, Q14833

Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: GRM4_HUMAN, Q14833

Function: Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate

cyclase activity

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004930	G-protein coupled receptor activity	TAS	9473604
GO:0008066	glutamate receptor activity	TAS	9473604

GRM4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for GRM4:

Increased cell number in G2M,

2 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Grm4):

behavior/neurological

nervous system

GRM4 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-out Grm4^tm1Hpn for GRM4

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for GRM4

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		hsa-miR-2052 hsa-miR-3605-3p hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-486-3p hsa-miR-507 hsa-miR-548x hsa-miR-3119

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GRM4 3' UTR sequence

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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GRM4

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/9 super-pathways (see all 9) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)

	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)	1.00			Synaptic Neurotransmission: Glutamatergic Excitation	0.33
	GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone	0.58

Signaling by GPCR

Signaling by GPCR

1.00

Signal Transduction

0.56

Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)

GPCR ligand binding

0.75

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

0.38

Glutamic acid signaling

Glutamic acid signaling

1.00

Signaling in Gap Junctions

Signaling in Gap Junctions

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for GRM4

Glutamic acid signaling

1 R&D Systems Pathway for GRM4

Synaptic Neurotransmission: Glutamatergic Excitation

3 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GRM4

	Neuropathic Pain-Signaling in Dorsal Horn Neurons
	CREB Pathway
	Signaling in Gap Junctions

1 BioSystems Pathway for GRM4

GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone

4 Reactome Pathways for GRM4

	Signal Transduction
	Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
	Signaling by GPCR
	GPCR ligand binding

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for GRM4):

	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
	Glutamatergic synapse
	Taste transduction

GRM4 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GRM4

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 10)

5/14 Interacting proteins for GRM4 (Q14833³ ENSP00000363296⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 14)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
CALM1	P62158³, ENSP00000349467⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000349467
CALM2	P62158³	I2D: score=2
CALM3	P62158³	I2D: score=2
GNA15	P30679³, ENSP00000262958⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000262958
GNAQ	P50148³, ENSP00000286548⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000286548

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/9 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 9): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000187	activation of MAPK activity	IDA	15102938
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	--	--
GO:0007196	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled glutamate receptor signaling pathway	IMP	15102938
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	TAS	8738157
GO:0007269	neurotransmitter secretion	TAS	15102938

GRM4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

GRM4 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for GRM4

Compounds for GRM4 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
MAP4	Potent group II mGlu agonist. Also specific group III mGlu antagonist	[157381-42-5]
VU 0155041 sodium salt	Potent, positive allosteric mGlu4 agonist. Sodium salt of VU 0155041 (Cat. No. 3248)	--
VU 0155041	Potent, positive allosteric mGlu4 agonist	--
CPPG	Very potent group III mGlu antagonist	[183364-82-1]
Cinnabarinic acid	Selective mGlu4 agonist	[606-59-7]

1 HMDB Compound for GRM4 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
L-Glutamic acid	(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioate (see all 49)	56-86-0	--

1 DrugBank Compound for GRM4 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
L-Glutamic Acid	(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid (see all 15)	56-86-0	target	--	17360958

10/12 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GRM4 gene (see all 12) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
glutamate	81.7	98	18664603 (4), 16582932 (3), 19621591 (3), 8667369 (2) (see all 52)
cppg	80.8	1	16582932 (1)
quisqualate	69.4	3	15184361 (3)
phenylglycine	66.8	2	7515823 (2)
phosphoinositide	49.7	1	7931274 (1)
kainate	45.4	2	9510076 (1), 10515165 (1)
ganciclovir	40	1	7472317 (1)
cyclic amp	32.7	7	7931274 (2), 10632098 (1), 1361913 (1), 9726424 (1)
nmda	30.9	4	8667369 (1), 9510076 (1), 10515165 (1)
gaba	25.9	5	10773016 (1), 19065062 (1), 9065826 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GRM4

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GRM4 gene (7 alternative transcripts):

NM_000841.2 NM_001256809.1 NM_001256810.1 NM_001256811.1 NM_001256812.1 NM_001256813.1 NM_001256814.1

Unigene Cluster for GRM4:

Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4

Hs.429018 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AB209104

7 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000374181(uc003oio.3 uc011dsl.2 uc003oiq.3 uc011dsm.2 uc003oir.4 uc011dsn.2 uc010jvh.3 uc010jvi.3)

ENST00000374177 ENST00000538487(uc010jvk.1) ENST00000544773 ENST00000535756

ENST00000455714 ENST00000545715(uc003oip.3)

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		hsa-miR-2052 hsa-miR-3605-3p hsa-miR-29c hsa-miR-29a hsa-miR-486-3p hsa-miR-507 hsa-miR-548x hsa-miR-3119

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GRM4 3' UTR sequence

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Additional cDNA sequence:

AB209104.1 AK055153.1 AK122836.1 AK122982.1 AK126746.1 AK131536.1 AK289524.1 AK289534.1

AK289563.1 AK293913.1 AK293949.1 AK308669.1 AK312300.1 BC130526.1 BC130528.1 BC139794.1

BC144057.1 EU432124.1 NR_046379.1 U92457.1 X80818.1

13 DOTS entries:

DT.410918 DT.121329607 DT.40131070 DT.95331336 DT.121329541 DT.95158464 DT.101980978 DT.101980977

DT.121329559 DT.121329542 DT.121329577 DT.91681914 DT.91807435

24/37 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 37):

AK131536 NM_000841 AA416557 AW275023 CK819155 AK122982 AA297156 AA297088

AA583221 X80818 CD609643 BE207131 BM128082 CA439788 U92457 AK126746

AA297070 T09090 AK122836 AW615557 BP359939 AW950825 CD609650 CD609645

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/15 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GRM4 (see all 15) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	·	5d	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	^	7a	·	7b	·	7c	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	·	9c	^	10a	·	10b	·	10c	·	10d	^	11a	·
SP1:																					-		-												-		-						-
SP2:									-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-								-		-						-
SP3:																																					-						-
SP4:																																			-		-						-								-
SP5:																																											-

ExUns:	11b	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14	^	15	^	16	^	17
SP1:	-												-
SP2:	-												-
SP3:	-
SP4:	-												-
SP5:	-												-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GRM4

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GRM4 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GTTTTGCAAA

About this image

GRM4 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

ES04(HES-4) (Embryonic Stem Cell)

Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See GRM4 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GRM4

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.429018

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM4_HUMAN, Q14833

Tissue specificity: Strongly expressed in the cerebellum. Expressed at low levels in hippocampus, hypothalamus and

thalamus. No expression detected in liver

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GRM4 (see all 6):

Neurotransmitter Receptors in human mouse rat

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

G Protein Coupled Receptors 384HT in human mouse rat

GABA & Glutamate in human mouse rat

Apoptosis 384HT in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for GRM4 gene from 6/21 species (see all 21) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	GRM4¹	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4	81.48(n) 88.2(a)		419906 XM_003642745.1 XP_003642793.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	GRM4⁶	--	85(a)	1 ↔ 1	4(122013751-122091909)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.10884²	Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more	73.59(n)		BX852903.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wu:fi18a01¹	wu:fi18a01	75.19(n) 81.48(a)		567181 XM_690474.4 XP_695566.4
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Glu-RA³ mtt¹	metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling pathway more³ mangetout¹	45(a) (best of 2)³ 54.97(n)¹ 45.35(a)¹		35832¹ NM_001144147.1¹ NP_001137619.1¹
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	mgl-1³ mgl-3¹	metatrophic glutamate receptor³ Protein MGL-3¹	37(a)³ 45.71(n)¹ 40.07(a)¹		X(10003865-10009638)³ 177327¹ NM_171341.2¹ NP_741400.1¹

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GRM4 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GRM4 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for GRM4 gene

GRM7² GRM6² GRM8² GRM2² GRM5² GRM3² GRM1²

9 SIMAP similar genes for GRM4 using alignment to 5 protein entries: GRM4_HUMAN (see all proteins):

DKFZp686H1993 GRM8 GRM7 GRM6 GRM3 GRM5

GRM2 GRM1 CASR

GRM4 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 6 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs183274597^1,2		--	33989151(+)	`GCACCC/TGAGCC`	8	--	ds500¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs9461946^1,2	C,F	--	33989350(+)	`GCTGCA/CGGGCA`	8	--	ds500¹ int¹		4		WA NA	242
rs28630703^1,2	C	--	33989404(+)	`ATTCCT/GGGAAT`	8	--	ds500¹ int¹		1		NA	2
rs138255066^1,2		--	33989604(+)	`CAGGAA/CCCTCA`	8	--	ds500¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs149624269^1,2		--	33989624(+)	`GAGCCC/TGGGTG`	8	--	ut3¹ nc-transcript-variant		0	--	--	--	--
rs144485403^1,2		--	33989698(+)	`TTGTCA/GTCAAT`	8	--	ut3¹ nc-transcript-variant		0	--	--	--	--
rs115006269^1,2	F	--	33989787(+)	`GCAGAC/TGGGCG`	8	--	ut3¹ nc-transcript-variant		1		WA	118
rs186466095^1,2		--	33989811(+)	`AGACAC/GACGGC`	8	--	ut3¹ nc-transcript-variant		0	--	--	--	--
rs191364122^1,2		--	33990094(+)	`AGCAGA/GAGGAG`	8	--	ut3¹ nc-transcript-variant		0	--	--	--	--
rs182834289^1,2		--	33990114(+)	`AAGAGA/GATGAG`	8	--	ut3¹ nc-transcript-variant		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GRM4 (33989628 - 34123399 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 4 variations for GRM4
3 CNVs: 81365 62508 62507
1 Indel: 99501

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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GRM4 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 604100    OMIM disorders: --

20/22 diseases for GRM4 (see all 22):    About MalaCards

juvenile myoclonic epilepsy temporal lobe epilepsy idiopathic generalized epilepsy generalized epilepsy

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis bipolar i disorder lateral sclerosis giant cell tumor

tuberous sclerosis diabetic neuropathy colon cancer multiple sclerosis

neuropathy parkinson's disease medulloblastoma seizures

schizophrenia prostate cancer retinitis prostatitis

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GRM4:

Parkinson's disease

5 Novoseek disease relationships for GRM4 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
myoclonic epilepsy juvenile	60.3	3	20338729 (1), 14582146 (1), 11223165 (1)
schizophrenia	0	8	11525421 (4), 19351574 (3)
colon cancer	0	4	15217955 (2), 15867225 (1)
epilepsy	0	1	11223165 (1)
tumors	0	3	20061814 (1), 15867225 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): GRM4
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GRM4 (11 documents)

Export disorders for GRM4 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for GRM4 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 108):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GRM4)

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world of online information

Molecular characterization and localization of human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4. (PubMed id 8738157)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Makoff A.... Emson P. (1996)
Group III human metabotropic glutamate receptors 4, 7 and 8: molecular cloning, functional expression, and comparison of pharmacological properties in RGT cells. (PubMed id 9473604)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Wu S.... Belagaje R.M. (1998)
Mutation screening of the metabotropic glutamate receptor mGluR4 (GRM4) gene in patients with schizophrenia. (PubMed id 11525421)^{1, 2, 4, 9} Ohtsuki T.... Arinami T. (2001)
Molecular cloning, functional expression and pharmacological characterization of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 4. (PubMed id 7617140)^{1, 2, 9} Flor P.J.... Kuhn R. (1995)
Bipolar I disorder and schizophrenia: a 440-single-nucleotide polymorphism screen of 64 candidate genes among Ashkenazi Jewish case-parent trios. (PubMed id 16380905)^{1, 4} Fallin M.D....Pulver A.E. (2005)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. (PubMed id 14574404)^{1, 2} Mungall A.J.... Beck S. (2003)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 expression in colorectal carcinoma and its prognostic significance. (PubMed id 15867225)^{1, 9} Chang H.J....Park J.G. (2005)
The metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 is internalized and desensitized upon protein kinase C activation. (PubMed id 16582932)^{1, 9} Mathiesen J.M. and Ramirez M.T. (2006)
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4-mediated 5-Fluorouracil resistance in a human colon cancer cell line. (PubMed id 15217955)^{1, 9} Yoo B.C....Park J.G. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 2914	HGNC: 4596	AceView: GRM4	Ensembl:ENSG00000124493	euGenes: HUgn2914
ECgene: GRM4	Kegg: 2914	H-InvDB: GRM4

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GRM4	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for GRM4 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for GRM4 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GRM4

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4

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GRM4 Gene

glutamate receptor, metabotropic 4

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