Set Analyses:
Advanced Search

Advanced Search

 
Search By
Section (entire)
for


 
or upload a file of gene symbols


Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GRM2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 66
GCID: GC03P051716

glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2
 Explore 20 diseases affiliated with
GRM2 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GRM2    

Aliases
for GRM2 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Glutamate Receptor, Metabotropic 21 2     Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor 22
MGLUR21 2 3 5     Glutamate Receptor Homolog2
GPRC1B1 2 3     Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 22
MGlu21     MGluR21
GLUR22     

External Ids:    HGNC: 45941   Entrez Gene: 29122   Ensembl: ENSG000001640827   OMIM: 6040995   UniProtKB: Q144163   

Export aliases for GRM2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC03P050838 GC03P050996 GC03P051597 GC03P051700


Summaries
for GRM2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for GRM2:
L-glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and activates both ionotropic and
metabotropic glutamate receptors. Glutamatergic neurotransmission is involved in most aspects of normal brain function
and can be perturbed in many neuropathologic conditions. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a family of G
protein-coupled receptors, that have been divided into 3 groups on the basis of sequence homology, putative signal
transduction mechanisms, and pharmacologic properties. Group I includes GRM1 and GRM5 and these receptors have been
shown to activate phospholipase C. Group II includes GRM2 and GRM3 while Group III includes GRM4, GRM6, GRM7 and GRM8.
Group II and III receptors are linked to the inhibition of the cyclic AMP cascade but differ in their agonist
selectivities. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by RefSeq,
Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM2_HUMAN, Q14416
Function: Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate
cyclase activity. May mediate suppression of neurotransmission or may be involved in synaptogenesis or synaptic
stabilization

summary for GRM2:
Metabotropic Glutamate (mGlu) group II receptors are members of the metabotropic class of glutamate
receptors, which also includes mGlu group I and mGlu group III receptors. Group II receptors are divided
into two subtypes, mGlu2 and mGlu3. mGlu group II receptors are coupled to Gi/o which inhibits adenylyl
cyclase, decreasing the formation of cAMP. mGlu group II receptors are involved in presynaptic inhibition
and do not appear to affect postsynaptic membrane potential by themselves. The human genes for mGlu2 and
mGlu3 receptors have been localized to chromosomes 3 (p21.1) and 7 (7q21.1-q21.2) respectively.

Gene Wiki entry for GRM2 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2)


Genomic Views
for GRM2 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000003.11  NC_018914.1  NT_022517.18  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GRM2 gene promoter:
         Pax-5   Pax-2   Pax-2a   Nkx2-5   c-Ets-1   GATA-2   CREB   deltaCREB   ZID   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GRM2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GRM2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 3p21.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  3p21.2   HGNC chromosome: 3

GRM2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GRM2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 3         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC03P051716:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 51,741,081 bp from pter      End:
 51,752,629 bp from pter
Size:
 11,549 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for GRM2 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM2_HUMAN, Q14416 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 precursor  
Size: 872 amino acids; 95568 Da
Subunit: Interacts with GRASP (By similarity)
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Secondary accessions: B0M0K7 Q14CU5 Q52MC6 Q9H3N6

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GRM2: NX_Q14416

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q14416

    • GRM2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_000830.2  NP_001123535.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000378492   ENSP00000296479   ENSP00000404797   ENSP00000408906  
    Reactome Protein details: Q14416
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
    EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant GRM2 Protein
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: GRM2
    OriGene Custom Protein Services for GRM2 
    GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GRM2
    Novus Biologicals GRM2 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals GRM2 Lysate
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
    Uscn Proteins for GRM2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005622intracellular IEA--
    GO:0005886plasma membrane TAS--
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane TAS7620613
    GO:0016021integral to membrane ----
    GO:0030424axon IEA--


    GRM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    GRM2 Antibody Products: 
    EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GRM2
    R&D Systems Antibodies for GRM2 (mGluR2)
    Browse OriGene Antibodies
    OriGene Custom Antibody Services for GRM2 
    GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for GRM2
    Novus Biologicals GRM2 Antibodies
    Abcam antibodies for GRM2 
    Uscn Antibodies for GRM2
    ThermoFisher Antibodies for GRM2

    Assay Products for GRM2: 
    Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development
    Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    GenScript GRM2-overexpressing Cell Line for Assay
    Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GRM2

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for GRM2 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    GRM2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5/7 InterPro domains/families (see all 7):
     IPR011500 GPCR_3_9-Cys_dom
     IPR000337 GPCR_3
     IPR017979 GPCR_3_CS
     IPR001458 GPCR_3_mtglu_rcpt_2
     IPR017978 GPCR_3_C

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q14416

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q14416

    4 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000162 Metabotropic glutamate receptor signature
    IPB000337 G-protein coupled receptors family 3 (Metabotropic glutamate receptor-like)
    IPB001458 Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 signature
    IPB001828 Extracellular ligand-binding receptor


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM2_HUMAN, Q14416
    Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family


    Function
    for GRM2 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM2_HUMAN, Q14416
    Function: Receptor for glutamate. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that inhibits adenylate
    cyclase activity. May mediate suppression of neurotransmission or may be involved in synaptogenesis or synaptic
    stabilization

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for GRM2:
    metabotropic glutamate receptor 2,group II,G protein coupled receptor superfamily,expressed in fetal and adult
    brain,linked to the inhibition of cAMP cascade

    miRNA
    Products:            		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): GRM2
    Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GRM2
    8/17 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GRM2 (see all 17):
    hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-25 hsa-miR-766 hsa-miR-374c hsa-miR-497* hsa-miR-92b hsa-miR-4308 hsa-miR-3163
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GRM2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GRM2
    OriGene siRNA: GRM2
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GRM2

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GRM2

    Clone
    Products:             		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2 (see all 4)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2 (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): GRM2 (NM_001130063)
    Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GRM2
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GRM2 

    Cell Line
    Products:             		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GRM2
    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GRM2

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GRM2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001641group II metabotropic glutamate receptor activity IEA--
    GO:0004930G-protein coupled receptor activity TAS7620613
    GO:0005246calcium channel regulator activity IEA--
    GO:0008066glutamate receptor activity TAS7620613


    GRM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for GRM2:
     Increased G2M DNA content 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for GRM2: Grm2tm1Ddsc Grm2tm1Nak
         3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Grm2):
     behavior/neurological  homeostasis/metabolism  nervous system 

    GRM2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for GRM2 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/8 super-pathways (see all 8) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
    		Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)1.00
    		GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone0.58
    2Signaling by GPCR
    		Signaling by GPCR1.00
    		Signal Transduction0.56
    3Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    		GPCR ligand binding0.75
    		Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction0.38
    4Glutamic acid signaling
    		Glutamic acid signaling1.00
    5Signaling in Gap Junctions
    		Signaling in Gap Junctions1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 EMD Millipore Pathway for GRM2
        Glutamic acid signaling

    3 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GRM2
        Neuropathic Pain-Signaling in Dorsal Horn Neurons
    CREB Pathway
    Signaling in Gap Junctions

    1 BioSystems Pathway for GRM2 
        GPCRs, Class C Metabotropic glutamate, pheromone

    4        Reactome Pathways for GRM2
        Signal Transduction
    Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
    Signaling by GPCR
    GPCR ligand binding


    2         Kegg Pathways  (Kegg details for GRM2):
        Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
    Glutamatergic synapse


    GRM2 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GRM2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 11)

    5/13 Interacting proteins for GRM2 (Q144163 ENSP000003784924) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 13)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    GNA15P306793, ENSP000002629584I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000262958
    GNAQP501483, ENSP000002865484I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000286548
    GRASPQ7Z6J23, ENSP000002936624I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000293662
    RGS12O149243, ENSP000003393814I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000339381
    PICK1Q9NRD53, ENSP000003494654I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000349465
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway ----
    GO:0007194negative regulation of adenylate cyclase activity TAS7620613
    GO:0007268synaptic transmission TAS7620613
    GO:0014047glutamate secretion IEA--


    GRM2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for GRM2 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    GRM2 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for GRM2

    Compounds for GRM2 available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    LY 341495 Highly potent, selective group II antagonist [201943-63-7]
    LY 354740Potent and highly selective group II mGlu agonist[176199-48-7]
    (S)-MCPGNon-selective mGlu antagonist. Active isomer of Cat. No. 0336[150145-89-4]
    LY 487379 hydrochloridePositive allosteric modulator selective for mGlu2[353231-17-1]
    LY 379268Highly selective group II mGlu agonist[191471-52-0]

    1 DrugBank Compound for GRM2    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    Acamprosate3-(Acetylamino)propanesulphonic acid (see all 3)77337-76-9targetantagonist16545872

    10/15 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GRM2 gene (see all 15)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    glutamate 83.1 148 18853337 (3), 8667369 (3), 10682721 (3), 11317221 (3) (see all 73)
    phenylglycine 62.6 1 7515823 (1)
    quisqualate 62 3 8103516 (2), 9076745 (1)
    nmda 45.1 15 18439999 (1), 7517889 (1), 8667369 (1), 9510076 (1) (see all 9)
    kainate 44.2 4 7517889 (1), 9510076 (1), 15680691 (1), 10515165 (1)
    phencyclidine 40 2 14684454 (1), 11317221 (1)
    gaba 37.4 2 9153573 (2)
    ganciclovir 13.2 1 9076745 (1)
    calcium 9.92 9 12948859 (3), 8667369 (1), 14743430 (1), 16715415 (1) (see all 5)
    dopamine 3.55 1 18853337 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GRM2 

    Transcripts
    for GRM2 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for GRM2 gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_000839.3  NM_001130063.1  

    Unigene Cluster for GRM2:

    Glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2
    Hs.121510  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AB209164
    8 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000395052 ENST00000296479 ENST00000475478(uc003dbo.4) ENST00000464585(uc010hlv.3 uc010hlu.3)
    ENST00000419928 ENST00000442933 ENST00000477330 ENST00000496661

    miRNA
    Products:             		 OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): GRM2
    Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GRM2
    8/17 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GRM2 (see all 17):
    hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-25 hsa-miR-766 hsa-miR-374c hsa-miR-497* hsa-miR-92b hsa-miR-4308 hsa-miR-3163
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GRM2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GRM2
    OriGene siRNA: GRM2
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GRM2
    Clone
    Products:             		 OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2 (see all 4)
    OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2 (see all 2)
    OriGene custom cloning services – gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling 
    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): GRM2 (NM_001130063)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GRM2
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GRM2 
    Primer
    Products:            		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GRM2
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GRM2
      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB209164.1 AK289984.1 AK302671.1 AK313056.1 AK315816.1 AY999299.1 BC041447.1 BC113615.1 
    BC113619.1 EU432122.1 L35318.1 

    3 DOTS entries:

    DT.205959  DT.97776359  DT.95098184 

    22 AceView cDNA sequences:

    T33422 AL707551 BC041447 F01915 BI831801 BX282369 BM680534 AL040113 
    F05658 AA309540 BX648951 NM_000839 R44770 T03525 BF529767 BF927489 
    AW953253 CD609634 BM711556 R19103 BF927473 CD609633 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    4 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GRM2    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1 ^ 2 ^ 3a · 3b · 3c · 3d ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7a · 7b
    SP1:                                                                  
    SP2:        -     -     -     -     -     -                           
    SP3:        -                                                         
    SP4:                                                                  


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GRM2

    Expression
    for GRM2 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GRM2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGCGTGTCAG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    GRM2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See GRM2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GRM2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.121510

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRM2_HUMAN, Q14416
    Tissue specificity: Widely expressed in different regions of the adult brain as well as in fetal brain

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GRM2: 
              G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling PathwayFinder in human mouse rat
              G Protein Coupled Receptors 384HT in human mouse rat
              GABA & Glutamate in human mouse rat
              Synaptic Plasticity in human mouse rat

    Primer
    Products:    		 OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GRM2
    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
    SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GRM2
    QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2
    QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2
    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GRM2

    Orthologs
    for GRM2 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for GRM2 gene from 5/18 species (see all 18)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves GRM21 glutamate receptor, metabotropic 2 75.96(n)
    80.55(a)    		   427575  XM_425148.3  XP_425148.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia GRM26
    		 --
    		 77(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 2(152768044-152855300)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii BX323554.16
    wu:fj52c076
    		 wu:fj52c07
    		 70(a)
    70(a)
    		 1 ↔ many
    1 ↔ many
    		 11(37021294-37055574)
    6(41982782-42043021)
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta Glu-RA3 metabotropic glutamate receptor signaling
    pathway more    		 47(a)
    (best of 2)    		     --
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea mgl-13 metatrophic glutamate receptor 40(a)   X(10003865-10009638)   --


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GRM2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GRM2 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for GRM2 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for GRM2 gene
    GRM72  GRM42  GRM62  GRM82  GRM52  GRM32  GRM12  
    9 SIMAP similar genes for GRM2 using alignment to 4 protein entries:     GRM2_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    GRM3    DKFZp686H1993    GRM8    GRM6    GRM1    GRM7
    GRM4    GRM5    CASR

    GRM2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for GRM2 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/234 NCBI SNPs in GRM2 are shown (see all 234)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 3 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1856247101,2
    		--51739101(+) TTGCTA/CTGTGT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1453061481,2
    		C,--51739119(+) TAAAA-/ACACACA 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1893526651,2
    		--51739123(+) AACACA/GCATTT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs773452491,2
    		--51739147(+) CAGCCA/GTATAT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1808580231,2
    		--51739536(+) ATGCTG/TTACAC 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1119700641,2
    		--51739551(+) ATATCC/TGTGTT 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50CSA 2
    rs1838384891,2
    		--51739656(+) TGTCAA/GCCCCT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1141376111,2
    		--51739870(+) TTCCAC/TAGCAG 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.01NA 120
    rs791342111,2
    		F,--51739911(+) AAGCTC/TGTCCT 2 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.05EA 120
    rs1513110191,2
    		--51739930(+) ACCCCC/TGCACC 2 -- us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GRM2 (51741081 - 51752629 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for GRM2: --

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GRM2
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GRM2

    Disorders / Diseases
    for GRM2 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    GRM2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 604099    OMIM disorders: --

    20 diseases for GRM2:    About MalaCards
    temporal lobe epilepsy    status epilepticus    amyotrophic lateral sclerosis    nicotine dependence
    lateral sclerosis    peripheral neuropathy    chronic pain    mood disorder
    alzheimer's disease    huntington's disease    neuropathy    parkinson's disease
    pertussis    schizophrenia    pharyngitis    prostate cancer
    retinitis    prostatitis    neuronitis    alcoholism

    3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GRM2:
    Schizophrenia     Cocaine dependence     Childhood absence epilepsy

    5 Novoseek disease relationships for GRM2 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    schizophrenia 49.4 30 18853337 (5), 11317221 (4), 19487395 (3), 19552508 (2) (see all 11)
    cns diseases 44.2 4 17416742 (1), 10682721 (1), 16005222 (1)
    psychiatric disorder 24.4 2 19164443 (1), 18336281 (1)
    epilepsy 9.51 2 15731895 (1)
    alzheimers disease 9.36 3 14872255 (1), 11844485 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): GRM2
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GRM2 (6 documents)

    Export disorders for GRM2 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for GRM2 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GRM2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 149):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GRM2)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Molecular cloning, functional expression and pharmacological characterization of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2. (PubMed id 7620613)1, 2, 3, 9 Flor P.J....Kuhn R. (1995)
    2. Structure and polymorphisms of the human metabotropic glutamate receptor type 2 gene (GRM2): analysis of association with schizophrenia. (PubMed id 11317221)1, 4, 9 Joo A....Fukumaki Y. (2001)
    3. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    4. Human metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 gene (GRM2): chromosomal sublocalization (3p21.1-p21.2) and genomic organization. (PubMed id 11840499)1, 9 Marti S.B....Nothen M. (2002)
    5. The effect of mGluR2 activation on signal transduction pathways and neuronal cell survival. (PubMed id 19026996)1, 9 Lee H.G....Smith M.A. (2009)
    6. Association analysis of Group II metabotropic glutamate receptor genes (GRM2 and GRM3) with mood disorders and fluvoxamine response in a Japanese population. (PubMed id 19386277)1, 9 Tsunoka T....Iwata N. (2009)
    7. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 and 3 gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex and mesencephalon in schizophrenia. (PubMed id 18853337)1, 9 Ghose S....Akil M. (2008)
    8. Coupling of metabotropic glutamate receptors 2 and 4 to G alpha 15, G alpha 16, and chimeric G alpha q/i proteins: characterization of new antagonists. (PubMed id 8863838)1, 9 Gomeza J....Pin J.P. (1996)
    9. Regulation of cocaine-induced reinstatement by group I I metabotropic glutamate receptors in the ventral tegmental area. (PubMed id 21881873)1 Lu L....Sun W. (2012)
    10. Distinct roles of metabotropic glutamate receptor dime rization in agonist activation and G-protein coupling. (PubMed id 22988116)1 El Moustaine D....Pin J.P. (2012)

    External Searches for GRM2 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing GRM2 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 2912 HGNC: 4594 AceView: GRM2 Ensembl:ENSG00000164082 euGenes: HUgn2912
    ECgene: GRM2 Kegg: 2912 H-InvDB: GRM2

    Other Databases showing GRM2 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing GRM2 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for GRM2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for GRM2 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for GRM2 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving GRM2

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



    Products
    for GRM2 gene

    (Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
    In Situ Hybridization Assays from
    Advanced Cell Diagnostics
    About This Section

     Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
     Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
     Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
     EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GRM2
     EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant GRM2 Protein
     Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
     
     EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
     EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
     EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
     EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

      
     Antibodies for GRM2 (mGluR2)   Browse Cell Culture Products  
     Browse ELISAs   Browse Flow Cytometry Kits  
     Browse Primer Pairs   Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents  
     Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules   Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays  
     Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents   Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents  
     Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents   Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents  
     Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents   Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins  
     Browse OriGene Antibodies   OriGene shRNA RFP for GRM2  
     OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2   OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GRM2  
     OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for GRM2   Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits  
     OriGene siRNA for GRM2   OriGene 3'-UTR Clone for GRM2  
     OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2   OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GRM2  
     Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector   Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids  
     Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs   Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs  
     Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells   OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling  
     OriGene Custom Antibody Services for GRM2   OriGene Custom Protein Services for GRM2  
     OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development  

         		 
     QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat GRM2
     Search QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GRM2
     QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2
     QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GRM2
     QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2
     QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GRM2
     GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GRM2 GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for GRM2
     GenScript GRM2-overexpressing Cell Line for Assay GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for GRM2
     CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes  Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector
     Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11
     Plasmid Preparation Custom Peptide Services
     Search for Antibodies & Assays

     Regulatory tfbs in GRM2 promoter
     Search Chromatin IP Primers for GRM2
     RT2 qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GRM2
     GNC Network for GRM2
     SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse, rat GRM2
     Tocris compounds for GRM2
     Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
     Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
     Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
     Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
     Bulk Purchasing
     Drugs for GRM2
     Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Novus Tissue Slides
     GRM2 antibodies
     GRM2 proteins
     GRM2 lysates
     Antibodies for GRM2
     See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for GRM2
     Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
     Bulk Purchasing
     Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
     Abcam protocols and scientific support
     Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins




     GRM2 Proteins, Antibodies, CLIAs, and ELISAs
     Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GRM2
     Gene Synthesis
     Protein Engineering
     Variant Library Synthesis
     Codon Optimization
     Protein Production and Purification
     Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GRM2
     SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for GRM2
     SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for GRM2
     ThermoFisher Antibodies for GRM2
     Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GRM2
           
    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

    View Random Gene

    Category
    VWF
    (GIFTS: 73)
    von Willebrand factor
    GIFtS Group
    The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 

    Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

    Copyright © 1996-2013 , Weizmann Institute of Science. All Rights Reserved.
    Hot genes      Disease genes      GRM2 gene at Home site.
    hostname: 356977-web1.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4