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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GRHL2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 50
GCID: GC08P102575

grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila)

(Previous names: deafness, autosomal dominant 28, transcription factor CP2-like...)
(Previous symbols: DFNA28, TFCP2L3)
 Explore 8 diseases affiliated with
GRHL2 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GRHL2    

Aliases
for GRHL2 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Grainyhead-Like 2 (Drosophila)1 2     Brother Of Mammalian Grainyhead2 3
TFCP2L31 2 3 5     FLJ137821
Transcription Factor CP2-Like 31 2 3     Deafness, Autosomal Dominant 281
BOM1 2 3     Grainyhead-Like Protein 2 Homolog2
DFNA281 2 5     

External Ids:    HGNC: 27991   Entrez Gene: 799772   Ensembl: ENSG000000833077   OMIM: 6085765   UniProtKB: Q6ISB33   

Export aliases for GRHL2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifer: GC08P097702


Summaries
for GRHL2 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for GRHL2:
The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that can act as a homodimer or as a heterodimer with either
GRHL1 or GRHL3. Defects in this gene are a cause of non-syndromic sensorineural deafness autosomal dominant type 28
(DFNA28).(provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRHL2_HUMAN, Q6ISB3
Function: May function as a transcription factor




Genomic Views
for GRHL2 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000008.10  NC_018919.1  NT_008046.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GRHL2 gene promoter:
         E2F-4   E2F-3a   Sox5   E2F-5   E2F-1   E2F   FOXD1   E2F-2   E4BP4   NF-AT   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GRHL2 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GRHL2

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GRHL2


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 8q22.3   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  8q22.3   HGNC cytogenetic band: 8q22.3

GRHL2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GRHL2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 8         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC08P102575:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 102,504,660 bp from pter      End:
 102,681,954 bp from pter
Size:
 177,295 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for GRHL2 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRHL2_HUMAN, Q6ISB3 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog  
Size: 625 amino acids; 71105 Da
Subunit: Homodimer, also forms heterodimers with GRHL1 or GRHL3
Subcellular location: Nucleus
Secondary accessions: A1L303 Q6NT03 Q9H8B8
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  Q6ISB3-1   Q6ISB3-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GRHL2: NX_Q6ISB3

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q6ISB3

    • GRHL2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_079191.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000251808   ENSP00000430473   ENSP00000379260  

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    Novus Biologicals GRHL2 Lysates
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    Uscn Proteins for GRHL2

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005730NOT nucleolus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--


    GRHL2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GRHL2

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for GRHL2 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    GRHL2 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    1 InterPro domain/family:
     IPR007604 CP2

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q6ISB3

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q6ISB3

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRHL2_HUMAN, Q6ISB3
    Similarity: Belongs to the grh/CP2 family. Grainyhead subfamily


    Function
    for GRHL2 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRHL2_HUMAN, Q6ISB3
    Function: May function as a transcription factor

    miRNA
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    8/75 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GRHL2 (see all 75):
    hsa-miR-3678-3p hsa-miR-520e hsa-miR-520f hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-3653 hsa-miR-30d hsa-miR-138-2* hsa-miR-30a
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GRHL2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GRHL2 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GRHL2
    OriGene siRNA: GRHL2
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GRHL2

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GRHL2

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0003677DNA binding IEA--
    GO:0003700sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity ----


    GRHL2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for GRHL2:
     Synthetic lethal with Ras 

    Animal Models:
         11 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 5 alleles) (MGI details for Grhl2):
     cardiovascular system  craniofacial  embryogenesis  growth/size  limbs/digits/tail 
     mortality/aging  nervous system  reproductive system  respiratory system  skeleton 
     vision/eye 

    GRHL2 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for GRHL2 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for GRHL2

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)

    3 Interacting proteins for GRHL2 (Q6ISB33 ENSP000002518084) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    GRHL3Q8TE853, ENSP000002362554I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000236255
    SALL4Q9UJQ43I2D: score=1 
    TFCP2L1Q9NZI63I2D: score=1 
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001701in utero embryonic development IEA--
    GO:0001843neural tube closure IEA--
    GO:0006351transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--
    GO:0006355regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent IEA--


    GRHL2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for GRHL2 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for GRHL2
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GRHL2 

    Transcripts
    for GRHL2 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for GRHL2 gene: 
    NM_024915.3  

    Unigene Cluster for GRHL2:

    Grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila)
    Hs.661088  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_024915
    6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000251808(uc011lhi.1 uc010mbu.3) ENST00000521085 ENST00000472106(uc010mbt.1)
    ENST00000395927 ENST00000517674 ENST00000474338

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GRHL2
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    hsa-miR-3678-3p hsa-miR-520e hsa-miR-520f hsa-miR-106a hsa-miR-3653 hsa-miR-30d hsa-miR-138-2* hsa-miR-30a
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GRHL2 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GRHL2 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GRHL2
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    Clone
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    Primer
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      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GRHL2

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK002034.1 AK023844.1 AK292853.1 AK296817.1 AK310221.1 BC069618.1 BC069638.1 BC129822.1 
    BC129823.1 

    7 DOTS entries:

    DT.40115323  DT.102825435  DT.92338051  DT.97834707  DT.99976851  DT.121467928  DT.95308823 

    24/39 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 39):

    BX950928 BC069638 BC069633 BC069618 AI918478 AW473832 AW074330 BM827172 
    BX505717 CB852269 AI861964 AI078772 AU137827 AK023844 AK002034 NM_024915 
    AW009496 AI868682 BP356683 AU140918 AI186564 BF370267 BI057280 AA169379 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    2 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GRHL2    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12 ^ 13 ^ 14 ^ 15 ^ 16
    SP1:        -                                                                                             
    SP2:                                                                                                      


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GRHL2

    Expression
    for GRHL2 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GRHL2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGAAATGAGC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    GRHL2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    Surface EctodermSurface EctodermSurface Ectoderm CellsEctoderm
    LungTracheaLung
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Line H9 (WA09) (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass

    See GRHL2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GRHL2

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.661088

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRHL2_HUMAN, Q6ISB3
    Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in placenta, prostate, brain and kidney. Lower-level expression in a variety of
    epithelial tissues such as thymus, kidney, lung, salivary gland, mammary gland and digestive tract. Expressed in the
    cochlear

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for GRHL2 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for GRHL2 gene from 6/17 species (see all 17)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Grhl21 , 5 grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila)1, 5 88.53(n)1
    94.72(a)1    		   15 (14.84 cM)5
    2529731  NM_026496.41  NP_080772.21 
     372330365 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves GRHL21 grainyhead-like 2 (Drosophila) 80.69(n)
    87.89(a)    		   429506  XM_427063.3  XP_427063.3 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia GRHL26
    		 --
    		 77(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 4(14254642-14321009)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii grhl2b1 grainyhead-like 2b (Drosophila) 71.56(n)
    73.73(a)    		   100034503  NM_001083072.1  NP_001076541.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta grh6
    		 grainy head
    		 13(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 2R(13690294-13729584)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea grh-16
    		 GRainyHead (Drosophila transcription factor) homol...
    		 28(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 I(1259491-1268157)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GRHL2 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GRHL2 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for GRHL2 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for GRHL2 gene
    UBP12  GRHL32  GRHL12  TFCP22  TFCP2L12  
    2 SIMAP similar genes for GRHL2 using alignment to 1 protein entry:     GRHL2_HUMAN:
    GRHL1    GRHL3

    GRHL2 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for GRHL2 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/3388 NCBI SNPs in GRHL2 are shown (see all 3388)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 8 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1113896011,2
    		C,--97700837(+) GCACAC/ATAGCC 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.04WA 120
    rs625190751,2
    		F,--97701763(+) CTTTGC/TTAATT 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- T:0.50NA CSA 4
    rs748000071,2
    		F,--97702345(+) ACTTGG/TGATAC 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.03WA 118
    rs794947531,2
    		F,--97705065(+) CGCCCG/ACAATC 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.08WA 118
    rs753418511,2
    		F,--97705217(+) ATGGTG/ACAAGG 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.11WA 118
    rs753358771,2
    		--97705456(+) TGAGAG/CGCTTC 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- C:0.01WA 118
    rs607287421,2
    		F,--97705577(+) CTTTGG/AGATTG 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.14WA 118
    rs607589991,2
    		F,--97705670(+) TTCTGC/TTTTTG 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.14WA 118
    rs608732041,2
    		C,--97705860(+) CAAAAC/TGTATA 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50WA 2
    rs119888461,2
    		C,H,--97706182(+) tttggA/Caggcc 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- C:0.00NA 2

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GRHL2 (102504660 - 102681954 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 7 variations for GRHL2
         7 CNVs: 37914 2766 82712 6649 33049 95605 65211
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GRHL2

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GRHL2
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GRHL2

    Disorders / Diseases
    for GRHL2 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    GRHL2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 608576   
    OMIM disorders: 608641  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GRHL2_HUMAN, Q6ISB3
  • Defects in GRHL2 are the cause of deafness autosomal dominant type 28 (DFNA28) [MIM:608641]. DFNA28 is a form
    • of sensorineural hearing loss. Sensorineural deafness results from damage to the neural receptors of the inner ear,
    the nerve pathways to the brain, or the area of the brain that receives sound information. DFNA28 is characterized by
    mild to moderate hearing loss across most frequencies that progressed to severe loss in the higher frequencies by the
    fifth decade. Age at onset varied, with the earliest case documented at 7 years of age

    8 diseases for GRHL2:    About MalaCards
    deafness, autosomal dominant 28    hearing loss    spina bifida    oral squamous cell carcinoma
    squamous cell carcinoma    hepatocellular carcinoma    carcinoma    prostatitis

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GRHL2 (2 documents)

    Export disorders for GRHL2 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for GRHL2 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GRHL2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 18):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GRHL2)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Mutation of a transcription factor, TFCP2L3, causes progressive autosomal dominant hearing loss, DFNA28. (PubMed id 12393799)1, 2, 3 Peters L.M.... Morell R.J. (2002)
    2. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    3. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    4. The identification and characterization of human sister-of-mammalian grainyhead (SOM) expands the grainyhead-like family of developmental transcription factors. (PubMed id 12549979)1, 2 Ting S.B....Jane S.M. (2003)
    5. A highly conserved novel family of mammalian developmental transcription factors related to Drosophila grainyhead. (PubMed id 12175488)1, 2 Wilanowski T.... Jane S.M. (2002)
    6. Regulation of the hTERT promoter activity by MSH2, the hnRNPs K and D, and GRHL2 in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. (PubMed id 19015635)1, 9 Kang X....Park N.H. (2009)
    7. The grainyhead like 2 gene (GRHL2), alias TFCP2L3, is associated with age-related hearing impairment. (PubMed id 17921507)1, 9 Van Laer L....Van Camp G. (2008)
    8. Suppression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition b y Grainyhead-like-2. (PubMed id 22379025)1 Cieply B....Frisch S.M. (2012)
    9. A whole-genome RNAi screen identifies an 8q22 gene cl uster that inhibits death receptor-mediated apoptosis. (PubMed id 21949371)1 Dompe N....Davis D.P. (2011)
    10. Interactions of pathological hallmark proteins: tubul in polymerization promoting protein/p25, beta-amyloid, and alpha-synuclein. (PubMed id 21832049)1 OlA!h J....OvA!di J. (2011)

    External Searches for GRHL2 gene

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    Genome Databases showing GRHL2 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 79977 HGNC: 2799 AceView: TFCP2L3 Ensembl:ENSG00000083307 euGenes: HUgn79977
    ECgene: GRHL2 H-InvDB: GRHL2

    Other Databases showing GRHL2 gene

    (According to HUGE)
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    Specialized Databases showing GRHL2 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for GRHL2 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for GRHL2 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for GRHL2 gene:
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    GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 26 Apr 2013

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