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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GPR55 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 54
GCID: GC02M231736

G protein-coupled receptor 55

 Explore 1 disease affiliated with
GPR55 via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GPR55
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 551 2
G-Protein Coupled Receptor 552

External Ids:    HGNC: 45111   Entrez Gene: 92902   Ensembl: ENSG000001358987   OMIM: 6041075   UniProtKB: Q9Y2T63   

Export aliases for GPR55 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02M229835 GC02M230503 GC02M231974 GC02M231597 GC02M231480 GC02M223614


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GPR55:
Members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) family, such as GPR55, play important roles in signal transduction from
the external environment to the inside of the cell (Sawzdargo et al., 1999 (PubMed 9931487)).(supplied by OMIM, Apr
2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR55_HUMAN, Q9Y2T6
Function: May be involved in hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain (By similarity). Receptor
for L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). LPI induces Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores via the
heterotrimeric G protein GNA13 and RHOA. Putative cannabinoid receptor. May play a role in bone physiology by
regulating osteoclast number and function

summary for GPR55:
GPR55 receptors are non-CB1/CB2 receptors that exhibit affinity for endogenous, plant and synthetic
cannabinoids. Originally designated an orphan receptor, GPR55 is now thought to be a functional receptor
mediating the effects of ligands known to be inactive at CB1 and CB2, e.g. palmitoylethanolamide. GPR55
couples to Galpha13 and can mediate activation of the small G proteins rhoA, cdc42 and rac1. GPR55 mRNA is
expressed in the brain, most abundantly in the caudate nucleus and putamen, with lesser levels in the
hippocampus, thalamus, pons, cerebellum and frontal cortex. Peripherally, GPR55 mRNA is present in the
spleen, adrenals and parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Putative physiological roles of GPR55 include pain
signaling, control of vascular tone and inflammation. The human GPR55 receptor gene is localized to
chromosome 2q36.3.

Gene Wiki entry for GPR55


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_005403.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GPR55 gene promoter:
         c-Fos   AP-1   AML1a   JunB   Fra-1   FosB   MEF-2A   JunD   c-Myb   c-Jun   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidGPR55 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GPR55

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GPR55


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q37   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2q37.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q37

GPR55 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GPR55 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02M231736:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
231,772,033 bp from pter      End:
231,825,781 bp from pter
Size:
53,749 bases      Orientation:
minus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR55_HUMAN, Q9Y2T6 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: G-protein coupled receptor 55  
Size: 319 amino acids; 36637 Da
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Miscellaneous: The classification of this protein as a cannabinoid receptor remains a contentious issue due to
conflicting pharmacological results
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAD22410.1; Type=Frameshift; Positions=132, 142;
Secondary accessions: Q8N580

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GPR55: NX_Q9Y2T6

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9Y2T6

  • GPR55 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_005674.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000410267   ENSP00000375893   ENSP00000412768   ENSP00000375894  
    Reactome Protein details: Q9Y2T6
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    Uscn Proteins for GPR55

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005886plasma membrane TAS--
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane IDA18757503
    GO:0016021integral to membrane ----


    GPR55 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    GPR55 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM
     IPR000276 GPCR_Rhodpsn

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9Y2T6

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9Y2T6

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR55_HUMAN, Q9Y2T6
    Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR55_HUMAN, Q9Y2T6
    Function: May be involved in hyperalgesia associated with inflammatory and neuropathic pain (By similarity). Receptor
    for L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI). LPI induces Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores via the
    heterotrimeric G protein GNA13 and RHOA. Putative cannabinoid receptor. May play a role in bone physiology by
    regulating osteoclast number and function

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for GPR55:
    G protein coupled receptor 55,highly expressed in the caudate nucleus and putamen with homology to
    P2RY5,GPR23,GPR35,CCR4

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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004930G-protein coupled receptor activity TAS9931487
    GO:0004949cannabinoid receptor activity IDA19723626


    GPR55 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for GPR55: Gpr55tm1Lex Gpr55tm1.1Mijr Gpr55tm1Tigm
         7 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles(MGI details for Gpr55):
     cellular  hematopoietic system  homeostasis/metabolism  immune system  nervous system 
     normal  skeleton 

    GPR55 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)1.00
    G alpha (i) signalling events0.44
    GPCR ligand binding0.75
    2Signaling by GPCR
    Signaling by GPCR1.00
    Signal Transduction0.56
    GPCR downstream signaling0.89
    3GPCRs, Other
    GPCRs, Other1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    1 BioSystems Pathway for GPR55 
        GPCRs, Other

    5/6        Reactome Pathways for GPR55 (see all 6)
        GPCR downstream signaling
    Signal Transduction
    Signaling by GPCR
    G alpha (i) signalling events
    GPCR ligand binding



    GPR55 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for GPR55

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/143 Interacting proteins for GPR55 (ENSP000003758934) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 143)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    ADCY2ENSP000003429524STRING: ENSP00000342952
    ADRA2AENSP000002801554STRING: ENSP00000280155
    DRD2ENSP000003548594STRING: ENSP00000354859
    GPR18ENSP000003434284STRING: ENSP00000343428
    HCAR2ENSP000003750664STRING: ENSP00000375066
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS9931487
    GO:0007202activation of phospholipase C activity IDA18757503
    GO:0035025positive regulation of Rho protein signal transduction IDA18757503
    GO:0038171cannabinoid signaling pathway IDA19723626
    GO:0045453bone resorption IDA19805329


    GPR55 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for GPR55 available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    O-1602Potent GPR55 receptor agonist[317321-41-8]
    Abn-CBDSelective GPR55 agonist; neurobehaviorally inactive[22972-55-0]
    OleylethanolamideGPR55 agonist. Also PPARalpha agonist[111-58-0]
    Noladin etherEndogenous agonist for CB1 and GPR55[222723-55-9]
    PalmitoylethanolamideSelective GPR55 agonist. FAAH and PAA substrate[544-31-0]
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GPR55 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for GPR55 gene: 
    NM_005683.3  

    Unigene Cluster for GPR55:

    G protein-coupled receptor 55
    Hs.114545  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_005683
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000444078(uc002vrf.3 uc010fxs.1) ENST00000392039 ENST00000438398
    ENST00000392040(uc002vrg.3)

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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK292223.1 BC032694.1 CR541776.1 FJ348259.1 

    5 DOTS entries:

    DT.40225833  DT.308450  DT.100009397  DT.121016254  DT.97806725 

    21 AceView cDNA sequences:

    BC032694 AW136557 NM_005683 AW136559 AA034005 AV690424 AA352856 CR541776 
    AA033905 BI836584 AA778763 BF056844 N58443 AV686713 AI205505 AL703806 
    BQ710959 AI825790 AI918782 AI699536 AI631719 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GPR55 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGATGCCTTG

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See GPR55 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GPR55

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.114545

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR55_HUMAN, Q9Y2T6
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in the caudate nucleus and putamen, but not detected in the hippocampus, thalamus, pons
    cerebellum, frontal cortex of the brain or in the liver. Expressed in osteoclasts and osteoblasts

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including GPR55: 
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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section

    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for GPR55 gene from 2/9 species (see all 9)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification
    Gene Description Human
    Similarity
    Orthology
    Type
    Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)
    Aves GPR551 G protein-coupled receptor 55 59.36(n)
    47.7(a)
      770641  XM_001233976.2  XP_001233977.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)
    Actinopterygii LOC7939091 G-protein coupled receptor 55-like 54.33(n)
    44.13(a)
      793909  XM_001333729.1  XP_001333765.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GPR55 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GPR55 (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for GPR55 gene
    GPR352  
    7 SIMAP similar genes for GPR55 using alignment to 3 protein entries:     GPR55_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    LPAR4    KPG_007    KPG_010    LPAR5    GPR35    LPAR6
    P2RY5

    GPR55 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/377 NCBI SNPs in GPR55 are shown (see all 377    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs1825370451,2
    --231771571(+) TAGAGA/GCTGGC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1482983681,2
    --231771813(+) AGCACC/TCGTGT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs597910031,2
    C,F,--231771832(+) GGGAGT/CGGAAA 1 -- ds500111Minor allele frequency- C:0.46WA NA CSA EA 373
    rs597525431,2
    C,F,--231771886(+) AGCTGT/GGCTCC 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- G:0.07WA 118
    rs586279931,2
    C,--231771924(+) CCCACA/GCTTGG 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- G:0.20WA 120
    rs787082941,2
    F,--231771991(+) TGGGGC/TCTGCT 1 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- T:0.09WA 118
    rs1123436681,2
    --231771994(+) GGCCTG/CCTCTT 1 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- C:0.10CSA WA 120
    rs19921881,2
    C,F,A,H,--231772436(-) GAGGAC/ACTGAT 1 -- ut31116Minor allele frequency- A:0.40NS EA NA PA EU CA WA CSA 8737
    rs1868159701,2
    --231772479(+) GAGAGC/TCATGC 1 -- ut310--------
    rs1927022211,2
    --231772588(+) ACATTG/TGTAGA 1 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GPR55 (231772033 - 231825781 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for GPR55: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GPR55

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    GPR55 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 604107    OMIM disorders: --

    1 disease for GPR55:    About MalaCards
    anorexia nervosa

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GPR55 (4 documents)

    Export disorders for GPR55 gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GPR55 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 25):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GPR55)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Identification and cloning of three novel human G protein-coupled receptor genes GPR52, PsiGPR53 and GPR55: GPR55 is extensively expressed in human brain. (PubMed id 9931487)1, 2, 3 Sawzdargo M.... O'Dowd B.F. (1999)
    2. The GPR55 ligand L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol promotes RhoA- dependent Ca2+ signaling and NFAT activation. (PubMed id 18757503)1, 2, 9 Henstridge C.M....Irving A.J. (2009)
    3. The putative cannabinoid receptor GPR55 affects osteoclast function in vitro and bone mass in vivo. (PubMed id 19805329)1, 2 Whyte L.S.... Rogers M.J. (2009)
    4. Atypical responsiveness of the orphan receptor GPR55 to cannabinoid ligands. (PubMed id 19723626)1, 2 Kapur A....Abood M.E. (2009)
    5. Identification of GPR55 as a lysophosphatidylinositol receptor. (PubMed id 17765871)1, 2 Oka S.... Sugiura T. (2007)
    6. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    7. The L-a-lysophosphatidylinositol/GPR55 system and its potential role in human obesity. (PubMed id 22179809)1 Moreno-Navarrete J.M....Nogueiras R. (2012)
    8. The GPCR-associated sorting protein 1 regulates ligand -induced down-regulation of GPR55. (PubMed id 21718301)1 Kargl J....Waldhoer M. (2012)
    9. Lysophosphatidylinositol signalling: new wine from an old bottle. (PubMed id 22285325)1 Pineiro R. and Falasca M. (2012)
    10. New blood brothers: the GPR55 and CB2 partnership. (PubMed id 21537344)1 Irving A. (2011)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 9290 HGNC: 4511 AceView: GPR55 Ensembl:ENSG00000135898 euGenes: HUgn9290
    ECgene: GPR55 H-InvDB: GPR55

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
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    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for GPR55 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

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