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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GPR39 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC02P133196

G protein-coupled receptor 39
 Explore 9 diseases affiliated with
GPR39 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GPR39    

Aliases
for GPR39 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 391 2
G-Protein Coupled Receptor 392

External Ids:    HGNC: 44961   Entrez Gene: 28632   Ensembl: ENSG000001838407   OMIM: 6028865   UniProtKB: O431943   

Export aliases for GPR39 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P130862 GC02P131462 GC02P133385 GC02P133008 GC02P132891 GC02P125167


Summaries
for GPR39 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR39_HUMAN, O43194
Function: Zn(2+) acts as a agonist. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a
phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated mainly through G(q)-alpha and G(12)/G(13)
proteins. Involved in regulation of body weight, gastrointestinal mobility, hormone secretion and cell death (By
similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for GPR39


Genomic Views
for GPR39 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_022135.16  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GPR39 gene promoter:
         E2F-4   E2F-3a   E2F-5   Sox5   AML1a   E2F-2   E2F   E2F-1   HFH-1   aMEF-2   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GPR39 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GPR39

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GPR39


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q21-q22   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2q21.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q21-q22

GPR39 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GPR39 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P133196:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 133,174,147 bp from pter      End:
 133,404,169 bp from pter
Size:
 230,023 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for GPR39 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR39_HUMAN, O43194 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: G-protein coupled receptor 39  
Size: 453 amino acids; 51329 Da
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Secondary accessions: B2RC12 B6V9G4 Q08AS2 Q53R01

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GPR39: NX_O43194

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O43194

    • GPR39 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_001499.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000327417  
    Reactome Protein details: O43194
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Uscn Proteins for GPR39

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005886plasma membrane TAS--
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane TAS9441746


    GPR39 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GPR39

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for GPR39 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    GPR39 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM
     IPR000276 GPCR_Rhodpsn

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O43194

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O43194

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR39_HUMAN, O43194
    Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


    Function
    for GPR39 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR39_HUMAN, O43194
    Function: Zn(2+) acts as a agonist. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a
    phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated mainly through G(q)-alpha and G(12)/G(13)
    proteins. Involved in regulation of body weight, gastrointestinal mobility, hormone secretion and cell death (By
    similarity)

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for GPR39:
    G protein coupled receptor 39,with two forms generated by alternative polyadenylation sites,highly homolog to growth
    hormone,secretagogue receptor (GSHR) and neurotensin receptors,expressed in the brain and other tissues

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GPR39
    3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GPR39:
    hsa-miR-4314 hsa-miR-1276 hsa-miR-30b*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GPR39 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GPR39 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GPR39
    OriGene siRNA: GPR39
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GPR39

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GPR39

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GPR39 (see all 4)
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GPR39 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GPR39

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GPR39

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004930G-protein coupled receptor activity IEA--
    GO:0046872metal ion binding IEA--


    GPR39 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Gpr39tm1Dgen for GPR39
         6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Gpr39):
     adipose tissue  behavior/neurological  digestive/alimentary  endocrine/exocrine gland  growth/size 
     homeostasis/metabolism 

    GPR39 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for GPR39 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    		Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)1.00
    		GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like0.41
    		GPCR ligand binding0.75
    2Signaling by GPCR
    		Signaling by GPCR1.00
    		Signal Transduction0.56

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways


    1 BioSystems Pathway for GPR39 
        GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like

    4        Reactome Pathways for GPR39
        Signal Transduction
    Signaling by GPCR
    GPCR ligand binding
    Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)



    GPR39 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GPR39

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)

    2 Interacting proteins for GPR39 (O431942, 3 ENSP000003274174) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    GSK3BP498412, 3MINT-8257317 I2D: score=2 
    AVPR1AENSP000002991784STRING: ENSP00000299178
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 biological process term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007186G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway TAS9441746


    GPR39 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for GPR39 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for GPR39
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GPR39 

    Transcripts
    for GPR39 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for GPR39 gene: 
    NM_001508.2  

    Unigene Cluster for GPR39:

    G protein-coupled receptor 39
    Hs.744392  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001508
    2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000329321(uc002ttl.3) ENST00000470071

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GPR39
    3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GPR39:
    hsa-miR-4314 hsa-miR-1276 hsa-miR-30b*
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GPR39 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GPR39 (see all 4)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GPR39
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    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GPR39
    Clone
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    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GPR39 (NM_001508)
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    Primer
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    Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GPR39
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GPR39

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF034633.1 AK123759.1 AK314895.1 BC125046.1 BC125047.1 EU076432.1 FJ348258.1 

    2 DOTS entries:

    DT.100740281  DT.92438042 

    24/28 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 28):

    AA960903 AA582576 AA620332 AA926905 AF034633 AI932891 AK123759 NM_001508 
    AI272281 AI767459 CA426790 CA749039 BM981455 AA994321 AI138793 BM980701 
    BV179651 BM974798 AI140655 AA776783 AW014802 AI299246 AK122643 AW861731 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for GPR39 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GPR39 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    GPR39 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See GPR39 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GPR39

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.744392

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPR39_HUMAN, O43194
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in many tissues, including the stomach, intestine and hypothalamus

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including GPR39: 
              G Protein Coupled Receptors 384HT in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for GPR39 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for GPR39 gene from 5/15 species (see all 15)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves GPR391 G protein-coupled receptor 39 67.49(n)
    63.29(a)    		   424282  NM_001080105.1  NP_001073574.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia --
    		 --
    		 63(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 GL343350.1(1622-2533)
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii zgc641872 hypothetical protein MGC64187 74.11(n)   393389  BC054634.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta Pk1r6
    capaR6
    (see all 4)    		 capa receptor
    (see all 4)    		 21(a)
    16(a)
    (see all 4)    		 possible ortholog
    possible ortholog
    (see all 4)    		 3R(9925554-9928844)
    3L(21552074-21555281)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea nmur-26
    nmur-16
    (see all 3)    		 Protein NMUR-1
    (see all 3)    		 22(a)
    16(a)
    (see all 3)    		 possible ortholog
    possible ortholog
    (see all 3)    		 II(123339-125004)
    X(8980922-8985008)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GPR39 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GPR39 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for GPR39 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for GPR39 gene
    NTSR12  GHSR2  NMUR12  TRHR2  MLNR2  NMUR22  NTSR22  
    1 SIMAP similar gene for GPR39 using alignment to 4 protein entries:     GPR39_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    NTSR1

    GPR39 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    1 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogene for GPR39
    PGOHUM00000238881


    Genomic Variants
    for GPR39 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/4354 NCBI SNPs in GPR39 are shown (see all 4354)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1113048871,2
    		C,--133172183(+) AGTGCAG/-ACTGT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- -:0.50CSA 2
    rs1121383891,2
    		C,--133172213(+) CCGGGC/TGCAGT 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50WA 2
    rs67275501,2
    		C,F,--133172253(+) GAAGCC/TGAGGT 1 -- us2k16Minor allele frequency- T:0.42NA WA CSA 12
    rs1908353761,2
    		--133172360(+) GGCACA/GCACCT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs113481231,2
    		C,--133172493(+) CCCCTC/-CCCCC 1 -- us2k1 tfbs3 trp31Minor allele frequency- -:0.50CSA 2
    rs729992241,2
    		C,--133172525(+) GTTTCT/AATGTG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.02WA 120
    rs1823159491,2
    		--133172569(+) GCATTC/GCCAGA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1430982301,2
    		--133172580(+) ATTAGC/GAGTAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1127131151,2
    		C,--133172585(+) GAGTAC/TAAACT 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- T:0.06CSA WA 120
    rs729992261,2
    		C,--133172735(+) TGTCAT/CCTTCC 1 -- us2k14Minor allele frequency- C:0.15WA CSA 123

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GPR39 (133174147 - 133404169 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 22 variations for GPR39
         15/18 CNVs (see all 18): 3393 37542 78798 63198 37712 63197 32379 0973 90027 35731 78801 31015 35730 78799 50291
         4 Indels: 12096 63196 33708 68181

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GPR39
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GPR39

    Disorders / Diseases
    for GPR39 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    GPR39 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 602886    OMIM disorders: --

    9 diseases for GPR39:    About MalaCards
    type 2 diabetes mellitus    esophageal squamous cell carcinoma    squamous cell carcinoma    diabetes mellitus
    obesity, association with    obesity    esophagitis    gastric cancer
    carcinoma

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GPR39 (2 documents)

    Export disorders for GPR39 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for GPR39 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GPR39 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 31):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GPR39)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Cloning and characterization of two human G protein-coupled receptor genes (GPR38 and GPR39) related to the growth hormone secretagogue and neurotensin receptors. (PubMed id 9441746)1, 2, 3, 9 McKee K.K.... van der Ploeg L.H.T. (1997)
    2. Molecular mechanism of Zn2+ agonism in the extracellular domain of GPR39. (PubMed id 18588883)1, 2, 9 Storjohann L.... Schwartz T.W. (2008)
    3. Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (PubMed id 15815621)1, 2 Hillier L.W....Wilson R.K. (2005)
    4. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    5. Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)1, 2 Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
    6. Obestatin does not activate orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR39. (PubMed id 17054911)1, 9 Lauwers E....Luyten W. (2006)
    7. Zinc sensing receptor signaling, mediated by GPR39, re duces butyrate-induced cell death in HT29 colonocytes via upregulation of cluste rin. (PubMed id 22545109)1 Cohen L....Hershfinkel M. (2012)
    8. Extracellular pH regulates zinc signaling via an Asp r esidue of the zinc-sensing receptor (ZnR/GPR39). (PubMed id 22879599)1 Cohen L....Hershfinkel M. (2012)
    9. A directed protein interaction network for investigat ing intracellular signal transduction. (PubMed id 21900206)1 Vinayagam A....Wanker E.E. (2011)
    10. Overexpression of GPR39 contributes to malignant deve lopment of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed id 21352519)1 Xie F....Guan X.Y. (2011)

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    Entrez Gene: 2863 HGNC: 4496 AceView: GPR39 Ensembl:ENSG00000183840 euGenes: HUgn2863
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