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GPD1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 67
GCID: GC12P050497

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (Soluble)

See GPD1-related diseases
at

MalaCards

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, ¹⁰fRNAdb, ¹²H-InvDB, ¹³NCBI, ¹⁴NONCODE, and/or ¹⁵RNAdb)
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Aliases
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (Soluble)¹ ²		Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], Cytoplasmic²
GPD-C² ³		Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase [NAD+], Cytoplasmic²
GPDH-C² ³		Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase²
EC 1.1.1.8³ ⁸		EC 1.1.1⁸
HTGTI² ⁵

External Ids:	HGNC: 4455¹	Entrez Gene: 2819²	Ensembl: ENSG00000167588⁷	OMIM: 138420⁵	UniProtKB: P21695³

Export aliases for GPD1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC12P050792 GC12P050553 GC12P050214 GC12P048784 GC12P047531

(According to Entrez Gene, GeneCards, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for GPD1 Gene:

This gene encodes a member of the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein

plays a critical role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of

dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P)

and NAD+. The encoded cytosolic protein and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also form a glycerol

phosphate shuttle that facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria.

Mutations in this gene are a cause of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia. Alternatively spliced transcript

variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. (provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012)

GeneCards Summary for GPD1 Gene:

GPD1 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)) is a protein-coding gene. Diseases associated with GPD1 include hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile, and hypertriglyceridemia. GO annotations related to this gene include glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity and protein homodimerization activity. An important paralog of this gene is GPD1L.

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 75), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
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RefSeq DNA sequence at NCBI GenBank:

NC_000012.11 NC_018923.2 NT_029419.13

Regulatory elements:

Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GPD1 gene promoter:
Lmo2 Olf-1 NF-kappaB AP-2gamma AREB6 S8 FOXC1 HSF2 NF-kappaB1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GPD1 promoter sequence

Search Chromatin IP Primers for GPD1

Epigenetics:

DNA Methylation CpG Assay Predesigned for Pyrosequencing in human, mouse, rat GPD1

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12q13.12 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 12q13.12 HGNC cytogenetic band: 12q13.12

GPD1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GPD1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 12 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12P050497: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	50,497,602 bp from pter	End:	50,505,102 bp from pter
Size:	7,501 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, ²neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, Cloud-Clone Corp., eBioscience, and/or antibodies-online, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, Cloud-Clone Corp, antibodies-online, and/or others.)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPDA_HUMAN, P21695 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic

Size: 349 amino acids; 37568 Da

Subunit: Homodimer

3 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for GPD1:

1WPQ (3D)

1X0V (3D)

1X0X (3D)

Secondary accessions: F8W1L5 Q8N1B0

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P21695-1 P21695-2 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GPD1: NX_P21695

Explore proteomics data for GPD1 at MOPED

Post-translational modifications:

Modification sites at neXtProt

Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Selected DME Specific Peptides for GPD1 (P21695) (see all 21)

QTPNFRI

GDNTKAA

FVVPHQF

KLTEIIN

See GPD1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED, PaxDB, and MaxQB

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001244128.1 NP_005267.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000301149 ENSP00000448244 ENSP00000446768

Reactome Protein details: P21695

GPD1 Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals GPD1 Proteins Novus Biologicals GPD1 Lysate
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	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GPD1
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	antibodies-online proteins for GPD1 (18 products)
	antibodies-online peptides for GPD1

GPD1 Antibody Products:

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	antibodies-online antibodies for GPD1 (61 products)

GPD1 Assay Products:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
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	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GPD1
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Cloud-Clone Corp. ELISAs for GPD1 Cloud-Clone Corp. CLIAs for GPD1
	Search eBioscience for ELISAs for GPD1
	antibodies-online kits for GPD1 (9 products)

(According to HGNC, IUPHAR, InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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Selected InterPro protein domains (see all 7):

IPR008927 6-PGluconate_DH_C-like

IPR006168 G3P_DH_NAD-dep

IPR017751 G3P_DH_NAD-dep_euk

IPR006109 G3P_DH_NAD-dep_C

IPR013328 DH_multihelical

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21695

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21695

1 Blocks protein domain: IPB006168 NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPDA_HUMAN, P21695

Similarity: Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family

Find genes that share domains with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, genOway,
transcription factor targeting from QIAGEN and/or HOMER, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs and/or Addgene, Cell Lines from GenScript, ESI BIO, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Flow cytometry from eBioscience, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: GPDA_HUMAN, P21695

Catalytic activity: sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(+) = glycerone phosphate + NADH

Enzyme regulation: Inhibited by zinc ions and sulfate

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GPD1:

glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,NAD dependent,cytoplasmic

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB): EC 1.1.1.8¹ ² EC 1.1.1²

Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004367	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity	IEA	--
GO:0004368	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity	IEA	--
GO:0016616	oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor	--	--
GO:0042803	protein homodimerization activity	IEA	--
GO:0051287	NAD binding	IEA	--

Find genes that share ontologies with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

Phenotypes:
1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for GPD1:

Synthetic lethal with Ras

3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Gpd1):

growth/size/body

homeostasis/metabolism

reproductive system

Find genes that share phenotypes with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

Animal Models:

genOway: Develop your customized and physiologically relevant rodent model for GPD1

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target GPD1: hsa-mir-103a-3p (MIRT001842)

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		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate GPD1 (see all 41):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4254 hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-200a hsa-miR-4267 hsa-miR-141 hsa-miR-3148

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GPD1 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		OriGene RNAi products in human, mouse, rat for GPD1
		Predesigned siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GPD1

Gene Editing
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DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GPD1

Clone Products:		OriGene clones in human, mouse for GPD1 (see all 6) OriGene ORF clones in mouse, rat for GPD1 OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GPD1 (NM_005276)
		Sino Biological Human cDNA Clone for GPD1
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GPD1
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GPD1
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GPD1

(According to UniProtKB, COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization database, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene.)
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Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

GPDA_HUMAN, P21695: Cytoplasm

Subcellular locations from COMPARTMENTS:

Compartment	Confidence
cytosol	4
mitochondrion	2
nucleus	2
peroxisome	1

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Gene Ontology (GO): 5 cellular component terms: About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005739	mitochondrion	IEA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0009331	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex	IEA	--
GO:0070062	extracellular vesicular exosome	IDA	19056867

Find genes that share ontologies with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

(SuperPaths according to PathCards, Pathways according to R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Sino Biological, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to QIAGEN, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2014 via Entrez Gene).
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SuperPaths for GPD1 About

See pathways by source

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SuperPath

Contained pathways About

Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis

Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis	0.64	Synthesis of PA	0.33
Phospholipid metabolism	0.64	glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle	0.00
Glycerophospholipid metabolism	0.62

Metabolism

Metabolism

0.38

Metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins

0.37

Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism

Fatty acid, triacylglycerol, and ketone body metabolism

0.65

triacylglycerol biosynthesis

Triacylglyceride Synthesis

0.36

Triglyceride Biosynthesis

Triglyceride Biosynthesis

Find genes that share SuperPaths with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

Pathways by source See SuperPaths
Show all pathways

2 BioSystems Pathways for GPD1

	glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
	Triacylglyceride Synthesis

2 Reactome Pathways for GPD1

	Synthesis of PA
	Triglyceride Biosynthesis

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for GPD1):

Glycerophospholipid metabolism

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including GPD1:

Insulin Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

Fatty Acid Metabolism in human mouse rat

Diabetes in human mouse rat

Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

Interactions:

Search GeneGlobe Interaction Network for GPD1

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

Selected Interacting proteins for GPD1 (P21695^{2, 3} ENSP00000301149⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 125)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
PTN	P21246²^,³	MINT-63594 I2D: score=5
PSMD4	P55036³, ENSP00000357879⁴	I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000357879
MDH1	P40925³, ENSP00000233114⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000233114
GAPDH	P04406³, ENSP00000229239⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000229239
GPD2	P43304³, ENSP00000308610⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000308610

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Gene Ontology (GO): Selected biological process terms (see all 16): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005975	carbohydrate metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006072	glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process	--	--
GO:0006094	gluconeogenesis	IEA	--
GO:0006116	NADH oxidation	IEA	--
GO:0006644	phospholipid metabolic process	TAS	--

Find genes that share ontologies with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, ApexBio, HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, Ligands according to IUPHAR, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB)
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Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse compounds at ApexBio

Browse Tocris compounds for GPD1 (GPDA)

4 HMDB Compounds for GPD1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate	1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propanone phosphate (see all 17)	57-04-5	--
Glycerol 3-phosphate	1-(dihydrogen phosphate) Glycerol (see all 37)	57-03-4	--
NAD	3-Carbamoyl-1-D-ribofuranosylpyridinium hydroxide 5'-ester with adenosine 5'-pyrophosphate (see all 28)	53-84-9	--
NADH	1,4-Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (see all 17)	58-68-4	--

1 DrugBank Compound for GPD1 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	Type	Actions	PubMed Ids
NADH	beta-DPNH (see all 18)	606-68-8	target	--	17088060

Selected Novoseek inferred chemical compound relationships for GPD1 gene (see all 41) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
glycerol 3-phosphate	98	269	10190973 (6), 14605988 (5), 12548942 (5), 2226800 (3) (see all 99)
dhap	67	5	16460752 (2), 18376850 (1)
troglitazone	57.9	3	12861228 (1), 12895585 (1), 16483873 (1)
lipid	57.9	36	14605988 (2), 1976021 (1), 8126079 (1), 9062891 (1) (see all 27)
succinate	56.7	14	8351966 (2), 9431688 (2), 8130177 (1), 7812436 (1) (see all 11)
fatty acid	56.6	29	12643487 (1), 9075710 (1), 11606486 (1), 14605988 (1) (see all 18)
ibmx	56.1	1	12861228 (1)
glycerol	52.8	23	12548942 (5), 7812436 (1), 17242918 (1), 14524727 (1) (see all 5)
6-phosphogluconate	50.4	3	14605988 (1), 12196534 (1), 12604241 (1)
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate	48.1	6	9831620 (1), 10336621 (1), 1315269 (1), 16913842 (1) (see all 6)

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(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 236 Homo sapiens; Apr 25 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN, SwitchGear Genomics,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, and/or Addgene, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, Flow cytometry from eBioscience )
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REFSEQ mRNAs for GPD1 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001257199.1 NM_005276.3

Unigene Cluster for GPD1:

Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)

Hs.524418 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_005276

7 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000301149(uc001rvz.3 uc001rwa.3) ENST00000547964 ENST00000551939(uc010smp.1)

ENST00000547190 ENST00000548814 ENST00000548152 ENST00000550172

miRNA Products:		Block miRNA regulation of human, mouse, rat GPD1 using miScript Target Protectors
		Selected qRT-PCR Assays for microRNAs that regulate GPD1 (see all 41):
		hsa-miR-4291 hsa-miR-4254 hsa-miR-631 hsa-miR-513a-5p hsa-miR-200a hsa-miR-4267 hsa-miR-141 hsa-miR-3148

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GPD1 3' UTR sequence

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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GPD1 (NM_005276)
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		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GPD1

Additional mRNA sequence:

AK130162.1 AK295911.1 AK312516.1 BC032234.1 L34041.1

5 DOTS entries:

DT.113922 DT.92021196 DT.100785873 DT.95327703 DT.121193033

Selected AceView cDNA sequences (see all 207):

AI300352 CA306971 CD369829 NM_005276 CR593251 AI421485 CD515894 BM728256

AW473816 BP381824 BM701059 BM723668 AI640150 AI264177 T80809 BP334715

BM706386 BI759262 CA306021 BP381762 AA341745 BI758943 BP381755 H42536

GeneLoc Exon Structure

Selected Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GPD1 (see all 7) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7	^	8	^	9	^	10a	·	10b	^	11	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14
SP1:							-		-				-		-										-
SP2:							-		-				-												-
SP3:							-		-				-				-		-						-
SP4:							-						-
SP5:													-						-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GPD1

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE ¹MOPED, ²PaxDb, and ³MaxQB, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Primers from OriGene, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
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GPD1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS <intensity>^2/3
CGAP TAG: CCTGGCATCT

About this image

GPD1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells About this table

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
selected tissues (see all 8) fully expand


Kidney (Urinary System) fully expand to see all 8 entries
Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle
Metanephros

Adipose (Muscoskeletal System) fully expand to see all 3 entries
Body Subcutaneous White Adipose
White adipocyte-like cells

Epithelial Cells
Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle

Neural Tube (Nervous System) fully expand to see all 2 entries
Metencephalon

NULL (Uncategorized)
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and adipocytes (HiQCell)

GPD1 Protein expression data from MOPED¹, PaxDb² and MaxQB³:

About this image

GPD1 Protein Expression

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.524418

Pathway & Disease-focused RT² Profiler PCR Arrays including GPD1:

Insulin Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat

Fatty Acid Metabolism in human mouse rat

Diabetes in human mouse rat

Molecular Toxicology PathwayFinder 384HT in human mouse rat

Primer Products:		OriGene qPCR primer pairs and template standards for GPD1 OriGene qSTAR qPCR primer pairs in human, mouse for GPD1
		Pre-validated RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GPD1
		QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GPD1
		QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GPD1

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GPD1

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
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This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for GPD1 gene from Selected species (see all 23) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Gpd1^{1 , 5}	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)^{1, 5}	89.59(n)¹ 93.98(a)¹		15 (56.13 cM)⁵ 14555¹ NM_010271.2¹ NP_034401.1¹ 99717515⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	LOC426881¹	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+], cytoplasmic-like less	75.26(n) 79.37(a)		426881 XM_003643117.2 XP_003643165.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	GPD1⁶	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (soluble)	84(a)	1 ↔ 1	2(91633778-91651523)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.2478²	Xenopus laevis, Similar to glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 1, cytoplasmic adult, clone IMAGE4888802, mRNA, partial cds less	76.12(n)		BC043631.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wufc30a07²	Danio rerio glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, mRNA (cDNA clone MGC63859 IMAGE6789017), complete cds less	78.01(n)		BC053116.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	Gpdh^{1 , 3}	glycerophosphate shuttle glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NAD+) less³ Glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase¹	65(a) (best of 2)³ 67.91(n)¹ 66.67(a)¹		26A3³ 33824¹ NM_057218.4¹ NP_476566.1¹
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	F47G4.3³ gpdh-2¹	NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase less³ gpdh-2¹	50(a)³ 59.58(n)¹ 61.78(a)¹		I(14083918-14086109)³ 176399¹ NM_066787.4¹ NP_499188.2¹
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Saccharomycetes	GPD1(YDL022W)⁴ GPD1¹	NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, key enzyme of glycerol synthesis, essential for growth under osmotic stress; expression regulated by high-osmolarity glycerol response pathway; homolog of Gpd2p less⁴ GPD1¹	53.47(n)¹ 50.76(a)¹		4(411825-413000)⁴ 851539^{1, 4} NP_010262.1^{1, 4}
soybean (Glycine max)	eudicotyledons	46753009²	--	77.16(n)
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	Os.24891²	Oryza sativa (japonica cultivar-group) cDNA cloneJ023050E11, full insert sequence less	76.79(n)		AK070366.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GPD1 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GPD1 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
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Paralogs for GPD1 gene

GPD1L²

1 SIMAP similar gene for GPD1 using alignment to 2 protein entries: GPDA_HUMAN (see all proteins):

GPD1L

Find genes that share paralogs with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, ⁴UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD), the Human Cytochrome P450 Allele Nomenclature Database, and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays, and Copy Number PCR Arrays from QIAGEN)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 12 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs143869720^1,2		--	47534240(+)	`CTCCTG/TTCCCA`	2	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs76583391^1,2	F	--	47534315(+)	`TGCCCA/GGGCTA`	2	--	int¹		3		CSA WA	122
rs189211543^1,2		--	47534507(+)	`GGGTGC/TAGCAA`	2	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs181655504^1,2		--	47534531(+)	`GAGGCA/GGAAGT`	2	--	int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs2232208^1,2	C,F,H	--	47534570(+)	`TCTCTT/CCTGCA`	2	--	int¹ trp³		9		NS EA WA	1306
rs144416246^1,2	F	--	47534685(+)	`GCCGTG/TGGGGC`	4	V	syn¹		1		NA	4550
rs141014044^1,2	C	--	47534718(+)	`TTTGGC/TGACAA`	4	G	syn¹		1		NA	4552
rs201027631^1,2	C	--	47534733(+)	`AAGGCG/AGCAGT`	4	/A	syn¹		1		MN	244
rs34944386^1,2	C	--	47534743(+)	`TGATCC/TGGCTG`	4	R W	mis¹		3		NA	80
rs199673455^1,2	C	--	47534744(+)	`GATCCA/GGCTGG`	4	Q R	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GPD1 (50497602 - 50505102 bp)

Structural Variations
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for GPD1: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GPD1

Site Specific Mutation Identification with PCR Assays

SeqTarget long-range PCR primers for resequencing GPD1

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GPD1

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM gene information: 138420
OMIM disorders: 614480
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GPDA_HUMAN, P21695

Hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile (HTGTI) [MIM:614480]: An autosomal recessive disorder

characterized by onset of moderate to severe transient hypertriglyceridemia in infancy that normalizes with age.

The hypertriglyceridemia is associated with hepatomegaly, moderately elevated transaminases, persistent fatty

liver, and the development of hepatic fibrosis. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene

represented in this entry

2 diseases for GPD1:
About MalaCards

hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia

Find genes that share disorders with GPD1 About GenesLikeMe

3 Novoseek inferred disease relationships for GPD1 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
obesity	53.9	2	20404019 (1), 7857262 (1)
necrosis	0.704	1	9492058 (1)
tumors	0	1	9492058 (1)

Export disorders for GPD1 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for GPD1 gene, integrated from 10 sources (see all 193):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GPD1)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Crystal structures of human glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1). (PubMed id 16460752)^{1, 2, 9} Ou X....Rao Z. (J. Mol. Biol. 2006)
Sequence conservation and structural organization of the glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase promoter in mice and humans. (PubMed id 2398890)^{1, 2, 9} Gwynn B.... Birkenmeier E.H. (Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990)
Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and hepatic fibrosis caused by mutated GPD1, encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1. (PubMed id 22226083)^{1, 2} Basel-Vanagaite L.... Shamir R. (Am. J. Hum. Genet. 2012)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S.... Malek J. (Genome Res. 2004)
Molecular cloning, sequencing and expression of a cDNA encoding a human liver NAD-dependent alpha-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (PubMed id 7772607)^{1, 2} Menaya J.... Ayuso M.S. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1995)
The influence of obstructive sleep apnea on the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 gene. (PubMed id 20404019)^{1, 9} Guindalini C....Tufik S. (Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood) 2010)
Ability of cytosolic malate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase to increase the ratio of NADPH to NADH oxidation by cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (PubMed id 10190973)^{1, 9} Fahien L.A....Chobanian M. (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 1999)
GRB14, GPD1, and GDF8 as potential network collaborators in weight loss-induced improvements in insulin action in human skeletal muscle. (PubMed id 16849634)^{1, 9} Park J.J....Hoffman E.P. (Physiol. Genomics 2006)
Enhanced glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in adipose tissue of obese humans. (PubMed id 14674682)^{1, 9} Swierczynski J....Sledzinski Z. (Mol. Cell. Biochem. 2003)
Initial characterization of the human central proteome. (PubMed id 21269460)² Burkard T.R.... Colinge J. (BMC Syst. Biol. 2011)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 2819	HGNC: 4455	AceView: GPD1	Ensembl:ENSG00000167588	euGenes: HUgn2819
ECgene: GPD1	Kegg: 2819	H-InvDB: GPD1

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, UniProtKB/TrEMBL, and/or others, e.g. Wikipedia and GeneReviews, via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GPD1	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for GPD1 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for GPD1 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GPD1

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Cloud-Clone Corp., Thermo Fisher Scientific, eBioscience, antibodies-online, and/or others, Gene Editing from DNA2.0. Clones from OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Addgene, Cell lines from GenScript, and ESI BIO, Flow cytometery from eBioscience, PCR Arrays from QIAGEN, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or ApexBio, In Situ Hybridization Assays from
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GPD1 Gene

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (Soluble)

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Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1 (Soluble)

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