Aliases for GPD1 Gene
Aliases for GPD1 Gene
External Ids for GPD1 Gene
- HGNC: 4455
- Entrez Gene: 2819
- Ensembl: ENSG00000167588
- OMIM: 138420
- UniProtKB: P21695
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for GPD1 Gene
- GC12P050792
- GC12P050553
- GC12P050214
- GC12P048784
- GC12P050497
- GC12P047531
Summaries for GPD1 Gene
-
This gene encodes a member of the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. The encoded protein plays a critical role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by catalyzing the reversible conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NADH) to glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and NAD+. The encoded cytosolic protein and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also form a glycerol phosphate shuttle that facilitates the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to mitochondria. Mutations in this gene are a cause of transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]
GeneCards Summary for GPD1 Gene
GPD1 (Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase 1) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with GPD1 include Hypertriglyceridemia, Transient Infantile and Brugada Syndrome. Among its related pathways are Metabolism and Acyl chain remodelling of PE. Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include protein homodimerization activity and oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor. An important paralog of this gene is GPD1L.
Additional gene information for GPD1 Gene
- Monarch Initiative
- Search for GPD1 at DataMed
- Search for GPD1 at HumanCyc
No data available for CIViC summary , UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for GPD1 Gene
Genomics for GPD1 Gene
GeneHancer (GH) Regulatory Elements for GPD1 Gene
Regulatory Element Products
Genomic Locations for GPD1 Gene
- chr12:50,103,819-50,111,320
- (GRCh38/hg38)
- Size:
- 7,502 bases
- Orientation:
- Plus strand
- chr12:50,497,602-50,505,102
- (GRCh37/hg19)
Genomic View for GPD1 Gene
- Cytogenetic band:
-
- 12q13.12 by Ensembl
- 12q13.12 by Entrez Gene
- 12q13.12 by HGNC


RefSeq DNA sequence for GPD1 Gene
Proteins for GPD1 Gene
-
Protein details for GPD1 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
- Protein Symbol:
- P21695-GPDA_HUMAN
- Recommended name:
- Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], cytoplasmic
- Protein Accession:
- P21695
- F8W1L5
- Q8N1B0
Protein attributes for GPD1 Gene
- Size:
- 349 amino acids
- Molecular mass:
- 37568 Da
- Quaternary structure:
-
- Homodimer.
Protein Expression for GPD1 Gene
Selected DME Specific Peptides for GPD1 Gene
- P21695:
-
- EKELLNGQ
- ENVKYLPGHKLPPNVVAVPDVV
- WGSAIAKIVG
- KLTEIIN
- GDNTKAAVIRLGLME
- QPVGEFI
- ADLITTC
- ENVKYLPG
- FCETTIG
- QTPNFRI
- FVVPHQF
- VAEAFARTGK
- VCIVGSGNWGSA
- HENVKYL
- GLKLISEVIGE
- GDNTKAA
- SVLMGANIA
- SLIKGVDEGP
- GALKNVVA
- ESCGVAD
- CLQNHPEH
Post-translational modifications for GPD1 Gene
Other Protein References for GPD1 Gene
- ENSEMBL proteins:
- REFSEQ proteins:
Antibody Products
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Abcam proteins for GPD1
Assay Products
- antibodies-online: Search results for 2 available GPD1 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
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Domains & Families for GPD1 Gene
Gene Families for GPD1 Gene
- Human Protein Atlas (HPA):
-
- Disease related genes
- Enzymes
- Plasma proteins
- Potential drug targets
- Predicted intracellular proteins
Protein Domains for GPD1 Gene
Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for GPD1 Gene
- GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:
Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry
P21695UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:
GPDA_HUMAN :- Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
- Family:
-
- Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.
Function for GPD1 Gene
Molecular function for GPD1 Gene
- GENATLAS Biochemistry:
- glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,NAD dependent,cytoplasmic
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
- sn-glycerol 3-phosphate + NAD(+) = glycerone phosphate + NADH.
- UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot EnzymeRegulation:
- Inhibited by zinc ions and sulfate.
Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for GPD1 Gene
Phenotypes From GWAS Catalog for GPD1 Gene
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0004367 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD+] activity | TAS | -- |
GO:0004368 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0016491 | oxidoreductase activity | IEA | -- |
GO:0016616 | oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor | IEA | -- |
GO:0042803 | protein homodimerization activity | IEA | -- |
Phenotypes for GPD1 Gene
- MGI mutant phenotypes for GPD1:
- inferred from 1 alleles
- GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for GPD1:
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miRNA for GPD1 Gene
- miRTarBase miRNAs that target GPD1
-
- hsa-mir-103a-3p (MIRT001842)
- hsa-mir-3157-3p (MIRT530770)
- hsa-mir-519e-5p (MIRT530771)
- hsa-mir-515-5p (MIRT530772)
- hsa-mir-6744-3p (MIRT530773)
- hsa-mir-4757-5p (MIRT530774)
- hsa-mir-18b-3p (MIRT530775)
- hsa-mir-18a-3p (MIRT530776)
- hsa-mir-5088-3p (MIRT530777)
- hsa-mir-6752-3p (MIRT530778)
- hsa-mir-3162-3p (MIRT530779)
- hsa-mir-361-3p (MIRT530780)
- hsa-mir-6793-3p (MIRT530781)
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- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
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No data available for Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for GPD1 Gene
Localization for GPD1 Gene
Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GPD1 Gene
- Cytoplasm.
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005737 | cytoplasm | IEA | -- |
GO:0005739 | mitochondrion | IEA | -- |
GO:0005829 | cytosol | TAS | -- |
GO:0009331 | glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex | IEA | -- |
GO:0070062 | extracellular exosome | HDA,IDA | 19056867 |
No data available for Subcellular locations from the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) for GPD1 Gene
Pathways & Interactions for GPD1 Gene
SuperPathway | Contained pathways | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 | Glycerophospholipid biosynthesis | ||
2 | Metabolism |
.37
|
|
3 | Regulation of lipid metabolism by Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) | ||
4 | Acyl chain remodelling of PE |
.30
|
|
5 | Fatty Acyl-CoA Biosynthesis |
Pathways by source for GPD1 Gene
3 BioSystems pathways for GPD1 Gene
1 KEGG pathway for GPD1 Gene
Interacting Proteins for GPD1 Gene
GO ID | Qualified GO term | Evidence | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|---|
GO:0005975 | carbohydrate metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0006072 | glycerol-3-phosphate metabolic process | IEA | -- |
GO:0006094 | gluconeogenesis | IEA | -- |
GO:0006116 | NADH oxidation | IEA | -- |
GO:0006127 | glycerophosphate shuttle | IEA | -- |
No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for GPD1 Gene
Drugs & Compounds for GPD1 Gene
Name | Synonyms | Role | CAS Number | PubChem IDs | PubMed IDs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
glycerol 3-phosphate |
|
57-03-4 | ||||
Hydrogen Ion |
|
|
Transcripts for GPD1 Gene
mRNA/cDNA for GPD1 Gene
- (2) REFSEQ mRNAs :
- (5) Additional mRNA sequences :
- (207) Selected AceView cDNA sequences:
- (7) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :
Unigene Clusters for GPD1 Gene
CRISPR Products
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-
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for GPD1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GPD1 gene related products
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- Applied Biological Materials Clones for GPD1
-
Vectors and viruses for ORF, Lenti, Retro, Adenovirus, AAV, and more
ExUns: | 1a | · | 1b | · | 1c | ^ | 2a | · | 2b | ^ | 3 | ^ | 4a | · | 4b | ^ | 5 | ^ | 6 | ^ | 7 | ^ | 8 | ^ | 9 | ^ | 10a | · | 10b | ^ | 11 | ^ | 12a | · | 12b | ^ | 13 | ^ | 14 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SP1: | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP2: | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP3: | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP4: | - | - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP5: | - | - | - | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP6: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
SP7: |
Expression for GPD1 Gene
mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery
-
Kidney (Urinary System)
- Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle
- Proximal Tubule Cells Proximal Tubule
- Glomerulus
- Loop of Henle
- Glomerular Tuft
- Adipose (Muscoskeletal System)
-
Epithelial Cells
- Loop of Henle Cells Loop of Henle
- Proximal Tubule Cells Proximal Tubule
- Neural Tube (Nervous System)
- Brain (Nervous System)
- Intermediate Mesoderm (Gastrulation Derivatives)
- Intestine (Gastrointestinal Tract)
-
Liver (Hepatobiliary System)
mRNA differential expression in normal tissues according to GTEx for GPD1 Gene
Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, PaxDb, MaxQB, and MOPED for GPD1 Gene
NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of GPD1 Gene:
GPD1SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for GPD1 Gene:
Hs.524418Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for GPD1 Gene
- Liver(4.5)
- Nervous system(4.3)
- Pancreas(4.2)
- Muscle(2.7)
- Kidney(2.5)
Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for GPD1 Gene
- endoderm
- mesoderm
- cardiovascular
- digestive
- ear
- heart
- duodenum
- intestine
- liver
- pancreas
- small intestine
- blood vessel
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-
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No data available for Protein tissue co-expression partners and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for GPD1 Gene
Orthologs for GPD1 Gene
This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.
Organism | Taxonomy | Gene | Similarity | Type | Details |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) |
Mammalia | GPD1 33 34 |
|
||
cow (Bos Taurus) |
Mammalia | GPD1 33 34 |
|
||
dog (Canis familiaris) |
Mammalia | GPD1 33 34 |
|
||
mouse (Mus musculus) |
Mammalia | Gpd1 33 16 34 |
|
||
rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
Mammalia | Gpd1 33 |
|
||
platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) |
Mammalia | GPD1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
chicken (Gallus gallus) |
Aves | GPD1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
LOC426881 33 |
|
||||
lizard (Anolis carolinensis) |
Reptilia | GPD1 34 |
|
OneToOne | |
tropical clawed frog (Silurana tropicalis) |
Amphibia | gpd1 33 |
|
||
Str.11109 33 |
|
||||
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) |
Amphibia | Xl.2478 33 |
|
||
zebrafish (Danio rerio) |
Actinopterygii | gpd1a 33 34 |
|
||
gpd1b 34 |
|
OneToMany | |||
wufc30a07 33 |
|
||||
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) |
Insecta | Gpdh 35 33 34 |
|
||
CG3215 35 34 |
|
||||
CG43343 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae) |
Insecta | AgaP_AGAP007593 33 |
|
||
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) |
Secernentea | gpdh-2 33 34 |
|
||
F47G4.3 35 |
|
|
|||
gpdh-1 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
A. gosspyii yeast (Ashbya gossypii) |
Saccharomycetes | AGOS_ADR311C 33 |
|
||
K. lactis yeast (Kluyveromyces lactis) |
Saccharomycetes | KLLA0C04004g 33 |
|
||
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) |
Saccharomycetes | GPD1 33 34 36 |
|
||
GPD2 34 |
|
ManyToMany | |||
rice (Oryza sativa) |
Liliopsida | Os.24891 33 |
|
||
fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) |
Schizosaccharomycetes | gpd1 33 |
|
||
sea squirt (Ciona savignyi) |
Ascidiacea | CSA.1608 34 |
|
OneToMany | |
bread mold (Neurospora crassa) |
Ascomycetes | NCU00742 33 |
|
- Species where no ortholog for GPD1 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
-
- Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
- Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
- alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
- amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
- Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
- barley (Hordeum vulgare)
- beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
- Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
- common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
- corn (Zea mays)
- E. coli (Escherichia coli)
- filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
- Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
- green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
- honey bee (Apis mellifera)
- loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
- malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
- medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
- moss (Physcomitrella patens)
- oppossum (Monodelphis domestica)
- orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
- pig (Sus scrofa)
- rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
- schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
- sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
- sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
- sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
- soybean (Glycine max)
- stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
- sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
- thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)
- tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
- toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
- Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
- wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Paralogs for GPD1 Gene
(1) SIMAP similar genes for GPD1 Gene using alignment to 2 proteins:
Variants for GPD1 Gene
SNP ID | Clin | Chr 12 pos | Variation | AA Info | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
rs199673455 | pathogenic, Hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile, Hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile (HTGTI) [MIM:614480] | 50,107,640(+) | G/A/C | coding_sequence_variant, missense_variant | |
rs200327418 | pathogenic, Hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile | 50,106,287(+) | G/C | splice_acceptor_variant | |
rs1001021106 | -- | 50,111,290(+) | A/G | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
rs1001091099 | -- | 50,110,927(+) | G/A | 3_prime_UTR_variant | |
rs1001479399 | -- | 50,104,044(+) | C/T | 5_prime_UTR_variant |
Additional Variant Information for GPD1 Gene
No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for GPD1 Gene
Disorders for GPD1 Gene

(3) MalaCards diseases for GPD1 Gene - From: HGMD, OMIM, ClinVar, GTR, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, Novoseek, and GeneCards
Disorder | Aliases | PubMed IDs |
---|---|---|
hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile |
|
|
brugada syndrome |
|
|
body mass index quantitative trait locus 11 |
|
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
GPDA_HUMAN- Hypertriglyceridemia, transient infantile (HTGTI) [MIM:614480]: An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by onset of moderate to severe transient hypertriglyceridemia in infancy that normalizes with age. The hypertriglyceridemia is associated with hepatomegaly, moderately elevated transaminases, persistent fatty liver, and the development of hepatic fibrosis. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22226083, ECO:0000269 PubMed:24549054}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Additional Disease Information for GPD1
No data available for Genatlas for GPD1 Gene
Publications for GPD1 Gene
- Crystal structures of human glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1). (PMID: 16460752) Ou X … Rao Z (Journal of molecular biology 2006) 3 4 22 58
- Sequence conservation and structural organization of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter in mice and humans. (PMID: 2398890) Gwynn B … Birkenmeier EH (Molecular and cellular biology 1990) 3 4 22 58
- A compound heterozygous mutation in GPD1 causes hepatomegaly, steatohepatitis, and hypertriglyceridemia. (PMID: 24549054) Joshi M … Agrawal PB (European journal of human genetics : EJHG 2014) 3 4 58
- Transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver, and hepatic fibrosis caused by mutated GPD1, encoding glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1. (PMID: 22226083) Basel-Vanagaite L … Shamir R (American journal of human genetics 2012) 3 4 58
- The influence of obstructive sleep apnea on the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 gene. (PMID: 20404019) Guindalini C … Tufik S (Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) 2010) 3 22 58
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- Mammalian expression: PiggyBac
- Mammalian Tet-on expression: plasmid
- Mammalian conditional (Cre-Lox): plasmid and PiggyBac
- Mammalian shRNA knockdown: lentiviral, adenoviral, AAV, and PiggyBac
- CRISPR: plasmid gRNA, lentiviral gRNA, and donor plasmid
- Bacterial expression: pET, pBAD, and pCS
- Yeast expression
- Addgene plasmids for GPD1
- antibodies-online: Search results for 118 available GPD1 Antibodies ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GPD1 Antibodies
- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for 2 available GPD1 Elisa Kits ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GPD1 Elisa Kits
- Quality Products:
- antibodies-online: Search results for 21 available GPD1 Proteins ranked by validation data
- Compare Top GPD1 Proteins
- GeneTex GPD1 antibody for GPD1
- Search GeneTex for Proteins for GPD1
- ViGene Biosciences adenoviral particle packaged cDNA for GPD1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences lentiviral particle packaged cDNA for GPD1 gene
- ViGene Biosciences ready-to-package AAV shRNAs for GPD1 gene
- Search ViGene Biosciences for GPD1
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) Antibodies for GPD1
- Search Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) for GPD1 siRNA/shRNA
- Santa Cruz Biotechnology (SCBT) CRISPR for GPD1
- Horizon Cell Lines for GPD1
- genomics-online: cdna clones - Search results for available GPD1 gene related products
- orf clones - Search results for available GPD1 gene related products
- genomics-online: gRNA clones - Search results for available GPD1 gene related products
- genomics-online: primer clones - Search results for available GPD1 gene related products
- genomics-online: shRNA clones - Search results for available GPD1 gene related products
Sources for GPD1 Gene
- (1) GeneCards
- (2) HGNC
- (3) EntrezGene
- (4) Swiss-Prot
- (5) Ensembl
- (6) OMIM
- (7) GeneLoc
- (8) Gene Wiki
- (9) UCSC
- (10) PhosphoSitePlus
- (11) GO
- (12) TrEMBL
- (13) InterPro
- (14) ProtoNet
- (15) Blocks
- (16) MGI
- (17) IUBMB
- (18) KEGG
- (19) MINT
- (20) STRING
- (21) IntAct
- (22) Novoseek
- (23) PharmGKB
- (24) DrugBank
- (25) HMDB
- (26) UniGene
- (27) AceView
- (28) ASD
- (29) ECgene
- (30) GeneAnnot
- (31) CGAP SAGE
- (32) SOURCE
- (33) HomoloGene
- (34) PanEnsembl
- (35) euGenes
- (36) SGD
- (37) FlyBase
- (38) WormBase
- (39) Pseudogene
- (40) DGV
- (41) dbSNP
- (42) GenAtlas
- (43) HGMD
- (44) GAD
- (45) BGMUT
- (46) HuGE
- (47) Atlas
- (48) Cell Signaling Technology
- (49) GenBank
- (50) H-invDB
- (51) HORDE
- (52) HUGE
- (53) IMGT
- (54) Leiden
- (55) miRBase
- (56) DME
- (57) OriGene
- (58) PubMed
- (59) R&D Systems
- (60) TGDB
- (61) Tocris
- (62) Abcam
- (63) Novus Biologicals
- (64) ProSpec
- (65) Sino Biological
- (66) GenScript
- (67) Qiagen
- (68) Cloud-Clone Corp.
- (69) OCA
- (70) Proteopedia
- (71) MOPED
- (72) neXtProt
- (73) Reactome
- (74) GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)
- (75) fRNAdb
- (76) DISEASES
- (77) SIMAP
- (78) GenomeRNAi
- (79) LifeMap
- (80) miRTarBase
- (81) MalaCards
- (82) Invitrogen
- (83) BitterDB
- (84) Vector BioLabs
- (85) ESI-BIO
- (86) RefSeq
- (87) BioSystems
- (88) MaxQB
- (89) IUPHAR
- (90) BioGPS
- (91) Illumina
- (92) COMPARTMENTS
- (93) HOMER
- (94) PaxDb
- (95) ApexBio
- (96) Addgene
- (97) antibodies-online
- (98) CYP
- (99) NONCODE
- (100) SwitchGear Genomics
- (101) TreeFam
- (102) PathCards
- (103) GeneReviews
- (104) GeneTex
- (105) Taconic Biosciences
- (106) GTEx
- (107) ProteomicsDB
- (108) SCBT
- (109) DGIdb
- (110) ClinicalTrials
- (111) FDA Approved Drugs
- (112) RVIS
- (113) SIGNOR
- (114) diseasecard
- (115) NIH Rare Diseases
- (116) Orphanet
- (117) UMLS
- (118) GTR
- (119) Disease Ontology
- (120) Genetics Home Reference
- (121) MeSH
- (122) MedlinePlus
- (123) CDC
- (124) NINDS
- (125) NCBI Bookshelf
- (126) ClinVar
- (127) Gene Damage Index
- (128) ViGene Biosciences
- (129) HPO
- (130) UDN
- (131) VISTA
- (132) FANTOM5
- (133) ENCODE
- (134) ProSci
- (135) Horizon
- (136) NURSA
- (137) IID
- (138) Cyagen
- (139) VectorBuilder
- (140) SNPedia
- (141) BRCA Exchange
- (142) St John's Lab
- (143) CIViC
- (144) ProteoGenix
- (145) dbSUPER
- (146) TISSUES
- (147) Gene ORGANizer
- (148) abm
- (149) CrownBio
- (150) Human Protein Atlas
- (151) GWAS Catalog
- (152) Monarch Initiative
- (153) DataMed
- (154) HumanCyc
- (155) genomics-online
- (156) UCNEbase
- (157) EPDnew