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GNRH2 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 51

GC20P002972
gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
GnRH-II 2
LH-RHII 2
OTTHUMP00000030075 2
OTTHUMP00000030076 2
OTTHUMP00000030077 2
OTTHUMP00000030078 2
Descriptions
Progonadoliberin II 2, 3
gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 2
luliberin II 2
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone II 2
External Ids
HGNC: 44201
Entrez Gene: 27972
UniProtKB: O435553
Ensembl: ENSG000001257877
Search outside databases for aliases for GNRH2 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC20P003012 GC20P003019

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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EntrezGene summary for GNRH2:
The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is cleaved to form a secreted 10 aa
peptide hormone. The secreted decapeptide regulates reproduction in females by stimulating the
secretion of both luteinizing- and follicle-stimulating hormones. Three transcript variants that
encode unique proproteins but the same peptide hormone have been found for this gene. [provided by
RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GON2_HUMAN, O43555
Function: Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both
luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones

Gene Wiki entry for GNRH2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the GNRH2 gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 20p13   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  20p13   HGNC cytogenetic band: 20p13

GNRH2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 20         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20P002972:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
2,972,268 bp from pter
End:
2,974,393 bp from pter
Size:
2,126 bases
Orientation:
plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000020.9  NT_011387.8  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GON2_HUMAN, O43555 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Progonadoliberin-2 precursor  
Size: 120 amino acids; 12918 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: Q14C68 Q9BYN9 Q9BYP0
Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms:  O43555-1   O43555-2   O43555-3   (Experimental confirmation may be lacking for some isoforms)

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts): 
NP_001492.1  NP_847901.1  NP_847902.1  


ENSEMBL proteins: 
ENSP00000369704 ENSP00000245983 ENSP00000369705 ENSP00000352003 ENSP00000353077 


Human Recombinant Proteins 
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Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
Browse Abcam for Recombinant Proteins
Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (GNRH2)
              OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: GNRH2 

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005576 extracellular region IEA--
GO:0005625 soluble fraction TAS9419371
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Antibodies for GNRH2: 
Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
Browse Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for GNRH2
Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
Search for antibodies at Abcam and the World's Antibody Gateway (free search engine of over 150 antibody companies)
Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (GNRH2)
Search Novus for antibodies for GNRH2

Assays for GNRH2: 
Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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2 InterPro domains/families:
 IPR019792 Gonadoliberin_I
 IPR002012 GnRH


   GeneDecks  GNRH2 for the domains selected above  
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Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O43555

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O43555

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GON2_HUMAN, O43555
Similarity: Belongs to the GnRH family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib.
RNA:
Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GNRH2)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
               OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 3): NM_001501

              Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for GNRH2

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for GNRH2  
                     Browse shRNA at Sigma-Aldrich  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Clones:Invitrogen Clones for GNRH2
Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001501
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001501
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001501 

Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
              OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_001501

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GON2_HUMAN, O43555
Function: Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both
luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GNRH2:
gonadotropin releasing hormone 2,mesencephalic form,expressed in midbrain,kidney,bone marrow
prostate,including a GNRH-associated peptide

1 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function term (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0005179 hormone activity TAS9419371
About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

2 Invitrogen iPath™ Online BioAtlas - Pathways for GNRH2 (Maps provided by GeneGo):
 Gqa specific GPCRs (in brain)
 Gi-a specific GPCRs (in brain)

   GeneDecks  GNRH2 for the pathways selected above  
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2 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for  GNRH2  (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) 
 GNRH Signaling
 Melatonin Signaling

   GeneDecks  GNRH2 for the pathways selected above  
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1 Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for GNRH2):
 hsa04912 GnRH signaling pathway

   GeneDecks  GNRH2 for the pathways selected above  
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 Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for  GNRH2 


5/13 Interacting proteins for GNRH2 (ENSP000002459833) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 13 )
InteractantInteraction Details
GeneCardExternal ID(s)
GNRHRENSP000002264133STRING (score=.991)
GNRH1ENSP000002764143STRING (score=.987)
MMP2ENSP000002190703STRING (score=.856)
MMP9ENSP000003614053STRING (score=.84)
TIMP1ENSP000002183883STRING (score=.84)
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2 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
GO:0007165 signal transduction TAS9419371
GO:0007275 multicellular organismal development IEA--
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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Browse Tocris compounds for GNRH2
3 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GNRH2 gene
Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
ribonucleic acid 46.17 1 12574197 (1)
progesterone 33.84 14 16860054 (3), 15562029 (2), 11145581 (2), 16728408 (1) (see all 5)
tyrosine 0.00 2 17308117 (1), 14680798 (1)
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(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib.
RNA:
Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GNRH2)
Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
               OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 3): NM_001501

              Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for GNRH2  
                     Browse shRNA at Sigma-Aldrich  
                     Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

NM_001501  NM_178331  NM_178332  

REFSEQ mRNAs for GNRH2 gene (3 alternative transcripts): 

NM_001501.1   NM_178331.1   NM_178332.1   

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

NM_001501  NM_178331  NM_178332  

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001501
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001501
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 3): NM_001501 

Additional cDNA sequence: 

AF036330.1 AF190640.1 BC069362.1 BC115399.1 BC115400.1 

2 DOTS entries:

DT.40282805  DT.92067931 

10 AceView cDNA sequences:

AF036330 NM_001501 BF061974 NM_178331 BF062277 AF190640 BC069362 NM_178332 
AL732156 AA864512 

highest scoring ESTs for GNRH2:

AF036330 BC069362 BF061974 BF062277 AA864512 AF190640 NM_001501 NM_178331 NM_178332 AL732156 

Unigene Cluster for GNRH2:

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2
Hs.129715  [show with all ESTs]
Unigene Representative Sequence: EL736362


GeneLoc Exon Structure

5 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:
ENST00000380346  ENST00000245983  ENST00000380347  ENST00000359100  ENST00000359987  
(Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
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GNRH2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

 Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for GNRH2

1 / 2 / 3

3 probe-sets matching GNRH2 gene


Affymetrix
probe-set
Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
# genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank
31337_at2, 3 U95-A 1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 AF036329 0.20 1.00 0.72 1

208519_x_at2, 3 U133-A 2 1.00 0.95 -- -- NM_001501 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

208519_x_at2 U133Plus2 2 1.00 0.95 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
GeneDecks  GNRH2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above  
About GeneDecksing
About this table    
Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
    About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: --

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.129715

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for GNRH2

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GON2_HUMAN, O43555
Tissue specificity: Midbrain; expressed at significantly higher levels outside the brain (up to
30-fold), particularly in the kidney, bone marrow and prostate

(Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section


Orthologs for GNRH2 gene from 1 species
Organism Gene Locus Description Human
Similarity
NCBI accessions
cow
(Bos taurus)
GNRH21   -- gonadotropin-releasing hormone 2 76.77(n)
62.63(a)
788698  XM_001255677.1  XP_001255678.1 
About this table        Species with no ortholog for GNRH2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GNRH2
(Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

  --
(According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section


10/11 NCBI SNPs in GNRH2 are shown (see all 11 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 40)
ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
SNP IDValidChr 20 posSequenceRecsAA
Chg
TypeMoreRecsAllele
freq
PopTotal
sample
More
------------
rs61389911,2
A,C,F,H2972070(+) GCCTGA/GAGGCT 3 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- G:0.41EU EA WA 372
rs37612431,2
A,C,F,H2971022(+) AGGCAA/CCCATC 3 -- ng5111Minor allele frequency- C:0.36EA EU WA NA 2488
rs61389901,2
A,C,F,H2970618(+) TTATGC/TTGCAC 3 -- ng518Minor allele frequency- T:0.24EU EA WA 836
rs37612441,2
A,C,F,H2971181(+) TCCGCA/GTATTT 3 -- ng5112Minor allele frequency- G:0.28EA EU WA NA 2460
rs60842401,2
C,F,H2972280(+) TGCCTG/AAAGGA 3 -- ut51 ese34Minor allele frequency- A:0.17EU EA WA 420
rs37612451,2
H2971233(+) TTTCCG/AGTCCC 3 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- A:0.00EU EA WA 420
rs73631381,2
H2971954(+) GGATCA/GGGGAA 3 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- G:0.00EU EA WA 418
rs60842391,2
H2970766(+) CCCACC/TTGAGT 3 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- T:0.00EU EA WA 420
rs61389921,2
F,H2972372(+) GCGTAT/CGGTGT 3 -- int14Minor allele frequency- C:0.04EU EA WA 420
rs355050441,2
--2972103(+) AGCATA/GTGTCG 3 -- ng510--------
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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for GNRH2 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 602352

4 Novoseek disease relationships for GNRH2 gene

Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
medulloblastoma 56.47 3 11459794 (1), 15562029 (1), 11931351 (1)
ovarian cancer 51.43 15 17308117 (5), 17906381 (1), 16189183 (1), 11600588 (1) (see all 9)
cancer 0.00 3 17202595 (1), 18222967 (1), 17308117 (1)
tumors 0.00 8 15380810 (2), 17906381 (1), 11600588 (1), 12770744 (1) (see all 6)
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Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: GNRH2 (2 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

  --

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
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10/76 PubMed articles for GNRH2 gene (see all 76 ):
(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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 ANDOR
Aliases
Free Text  

  Query String
PubMed
OMIM
NCBI Bookshelf
  (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 2797 HGNC: 4420 AceView: GNRH2 Ensembl:ENSG00000125787 euGenes: HUgn2797
ECgene: GNRH2 H-InvDB: GNRH2
(According to HUGE)
About This Section

  --
(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

  --
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
About This Section

Licensable Technologies for GNRH2 gene:
 Weizmann Institute:"Modulation of Neurotransmitter Receptors on T-cell Membranes: a Novel Approach for Treatment of Autoimmune, Infectious and Malignant"

(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section



Products for GNRH2:
 TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
 TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
  Free SNP selection tool



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 Predesigned and custom siRNAs for GNRH2 Antibodies for GNRH2
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 Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
 Search Novus for antibodies for GNRH2

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