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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GNLY Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 53
GCID: GC02P085912

granulysin


(Previous symbol: LAG2)
 Explore 34 diseases affiliated with
GNLY via our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GNLY
    

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Granulysin1     Lymphokine LAG-22 3
TLA5191 2 3 5     T-Cell Activation Protein 5192 3
LAG21 2 3     5192
NKG51 2 3     Lymphocyte-Activation Gene 22
D2S69E1 2 5     T-Lymphocyte Activation Gene 5192
LAG-21 2     Protein NKG53

External Ids:    HGNC: 44141   Entrez Gene: 105782   Ensembl: ENSG000001155237   OMIM: 1888555   UniProtKB: P227493   

Export aliases for GNLY gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC02P085816 GC02P086215 GC02P085895 GC02P085834


(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GNLY:
The product of this gene is a member of the saposin-like protein (SAPLIP) family and is located in the cytotoxic
granules of T cells, which are released upon antigen stimulation. This protein is present in cytotoxic granules of
cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, and it has antimicrobial activity against M. tuberculosis and other
organisms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. (provided by
RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNLY_HUMAN, P22749
Function: Antimicrobial protein that kills intracellular pathogens. Active against a broad range of microbes, including
Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Gene Wiki entry for GNLY


(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000002.11  NC_018913.1  NT_022184.15  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GNLY gene promoter:
         GR   AP-1   ATF-2   GR-alpha   c-Jun   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmidGNLY promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GNLY

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GNLY


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2p11.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  2p11.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 2p12-q11

GNLY Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GNLY gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 2         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P085912:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
85,912,298 bp from pter      End:
85,925,977 bp from pter
Size:
13,680 bases      Orientation:
plus strand

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNLY_HUMAN, P22749 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Granulysin precursor  
Size: 145 amino acids; 16374 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted. Note=Located in the cytotoxic granules of T-cells, which are released upon antigen
stimulation
1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for GNLY:
1L9L (3D)    
Secondary accessions: P09325 Q6GU08
Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms:  P22749-1   P22749-2   

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GNLY: NX_P22749

Post-translational modifications:

  • A 9 kDa form is produced by proteolytic processing of a 15 kDa protein1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P22749

  • GNLY Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_006424.2  NP_036615.2  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000263863   ENSP00000436423   ENSP00000387116   ENSP00000434467  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals GNLY Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GNLY
    Uscn Proteins for GNLY

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005615extracellular space TAS2212946


    GNLY for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    GNLY Antibody Products: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GNLY


    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    GNLY for domains           About GeneDecksing

    3 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR008138 SapB_2
     IPR011001 Saposin-like
     IPR008139 SaposinB

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P22749

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P22749

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB008139 Saposin B

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNLY_HUMAN, P22749
    Similarity: Contains 1 saposin B-type domain


    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNLY_HUMAN, P22749
    Function: Antimicrobial protein that kills intracellular pathogens. Active against a broad range of microbes, including
    Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis
    Induction: By T-cell growth factor and IL2/interleukin-2

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for GNLY:
    Granulysin,expressed by cytolytic T-lymphocytes and NK cells,located in cytotoxic granules,involved in immunity against
    intracellular infection against M tuberculosis and other pathogens

    miRNA
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    Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GNLY


    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for GNLY

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006968cellular defense response TAS9756476
    GO:0031640killing of cells of other organism IEA--
    GO:0042742defense response to bacterium IEA--
    GO:0050832defense response to fungus IEA--


    GNLY for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    GNLY for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for GNLY

    1 DrugBank Compound for GNLY    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    3[N-Morpholino]Propane Sulfonic Acid-- --target--17139284 17016423

    10/16 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GNLY gene (see all 16)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    concanamycin a 70.3 2 10449094 (1), 12421959 (1)
    ddvp 65.7 9 16002202 (4), 16873099 (1), 18063463 (1)
    rantes 33.5 5 15843520 (1), 19254247 (1), 15223905 (1)
    chromium 17.7 2 16873099 (1), 16002202 (1)
    ionomycin 12 1 9538144 (1)
    ceramide 9.32 5 9712041 (3), 11466337 (2)
    cholesterol 0 1 17206515 (1)
    lysine 0 3 11120840 (2), 15778306 (1)
    oligonucleotide 0 3 16036810 (1), 17695285 (1)
    estradiol 0 1 18394317 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GNLY 

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section

    REFSEQ mRNAs for GNLY gene (2 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_006433.3  NM_012483.2  

    Unigene Cluster for GNLY:

    Granulysin
    Hs.105806  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BM922716
    14 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000488945 ENST00000263863(uc002sql.4) ENST00000489214 ENST00000482900
    ENST00000464298 ENST00000470974 ENST00000489980(uc010fgp.3 uc010ysx.2)
    ENST00000524600 ENST00000533041 ENST00000534351 ENST00000409696 ENST00000491234
    ENST00000531685 ENST00000526018

    miRNA
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    OriGene 3'-UTR Clone (see all 2): GNLY
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GNLY
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    Inhib. RNA
    Products:
         
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    OriGene shRNA RFP: GNLY
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    Clone
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK296106.1 AK304728.1 AK308781.1 AK310057.1 AK311012.1 AK311537.1 AK311538.1 AK311657.1 
    BC023576.2 CR541859.1 X05044.1 X54101.1 

    10 DOTS entries:

    DT.212691  DT.75105988  DT.95358882  DT.95197828  DT.97795884  DT.86846626  DT.40294595  DT.95358881 
    DT.120993320  DT.40132307 

    24/91 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 91):

    AW404745 BC063245 BC023576 CB216891 X54101 NM_006433 CR541859 BF848763 
    AI784114 BQ015614 BM723517 AA576437 BU753489 BM681833 AW950869 AI309383 
    BQ013407 AI123412 BQ013787 AI288685 AA383970 BI835883 AA586798 BQ013570 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/13 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GNLY (see all 13)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d · 1e · 1f · 1g ^ 2a · 2b · 2c ^ 3 ^ 4a · 4b ^ 5a · 5b ^ 6a · 6b · 6c · 6d · 6e · 6f ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10a · 10b
    SP1:                                            -     -     -     -     -     -                       -     -     -     -     -     -     -                     
    SP2:                                                                    -     -                       -     -     -     -     -                                 
    SP3:                                                                    -     -                       -     -     -     -     -     -     -                     
    SP4:                                                              -     -     -                                                                                 
    SP5:                                                                                                  -     -     -     -     -     -                           


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GNLY

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GNLY expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AGGAGGTATC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)

    About this image
    See GNLY Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GNLY

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.105806

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNLY_HUMAN, P22749
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in natural killer and T-cells

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    In Situ
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    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
      --

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GNLY (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GNLY (if available) 

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
      --

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/167 NCBI SNPs in GNLY are shown (see all 167    About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance
    Chr 2 posSequence#AA
    Chg
    TypeMore#Allele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ----------
    rs787351011,2
    F,--85919544(+) GTTAGG/AGTAGG 2 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.04WA NA 238
    rs1395464141,2
    --85919578(+) GAGTCA/GTAGGG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1444234571,2
    --85919692(+) TTGCCA/GGTTGG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1997915581,2
    C--85919788(-) GGCTGG/TCTTGT 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1845917861,2
    --85919827(+) TCACCA/GGAAAG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1455142851,2
    --85919849(+) ATTTT-/CCACAG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs2020244601,2
    C--85919849(+) AATTTC/TCACAG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1473766851,2
    --85920048(+) AGGATC/TGCTTG 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1905191531,2
    --85920049(+) GGATCC/GCTTGA 2 -- us2k10--------
    rs1396098141,2
    --85920061(+) TCCAGG/TAGTTC 2 -- us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GNLY (85912298 - 85925977 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for GNLY
         1 Indel: 74099

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    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    GNLY for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 188855    OMIM disorders: --

    20/34 diseases for GNLY (see all 34):    About MalaCards
    tuberculosis    toxic epidermal necrolysis    stevens-johnson syndrome    subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
    inclusion body myositis    spondylocostal dysostosis    mycobacterial infection    pre-eclampsia
    hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis    anaplastic large cell lymphoma    bcg infection    primary biliary cirrhosis
    spontaneous abortion    lichen planus    alagille syndrome    megakaryoblastic leukemia
    dysostosis    myositis    folliculitis    measles

    2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GNLY:
    Tuberculosis     Stevens-Johnson syndrome

    10/13 Novoseek disease relationships for GNLY gene (see all 13)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    tuberculosis 60.2 30 17445478 (2), 11574927 (2), 16301655 (2), 9756476 (2) (see all 18)
    mycobacterial infection 33.3 2 15149502 (1), 16081226 (1)
    cell damage 24.4 5 11418670 (1), 19111751 (1), 14499265 (1), 16388735 (1)
    tumors 20.6 24 19454696 (3), 17182542 (3), 15616319 (1), 15843520 (1) (see all 16)
    necrosis 6.15 4 20196946 (1), 9538144 (1), 19474732 (1)
    infectious disease 4.21 4 11175847 (2), 15294977 (1)
    measles 1.86 5 16036810 (3), 17695285 (1)
    immunodeficiency 1.19 2 17038537 (1), 19687290 (1)
    virus infection 0 1 12884856 (1)
    aids 0 1 12421959 (1)

    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GNLY (4 documents)

    Export disorders for GNLY gene to outside databases

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GNLY gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 154):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GNLY)
        Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. A cDNA clone expressed in natural killer and T cells that likely encodes a secreted protein. (PubMed id 2212946)1, 2, 3 Yabe T.... Houchins J.P. (1990)
    2. The isolation and sequence of a novel gene from a human functional T cell line. (PubMed id 2434598)1, 2, 3 Jongstra J.... Krensky A.M. (1987)
    3. Granulysin crystal structure and a structure-derived lytic mechanism. (PubMed id 12488100)1, 2, 9 Anderson D.H.... Eisenberg D. (2003)
    4. Biosynthesis of granulysin, a novel cytolytic molecule. (PubMed id 10449094)1, 2, 9 Hanson D.A.... Krensky A.M. (1999)
    5. Granulysin: a novel antimicrobial peptide of cytolytic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (PubMed id 10644038)1, 2, 9 Krensky A.M. (2000)
    6. An antimicrobial activity of cytolytic T cells mediated by granulysin. (PubMed id 9756476)1, 2, 9 Stenger S.... Modlin R.L. (1998)
    7. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    8. Genomic structure of NKG5, a human NK and T cell-specific activation gene. (PubMed id 8423048)1, 2 Houchins J.P.... Bach F.H. (1993)
    9. Late expression of granulysin by microbicidal CD4+ T cells requires PI3K- and STAT5-dependent expression of IL-2Rbeta that is defective in HIV-infected patients. (PubMed id 18490721)1, 9 Zheng C.F....Mody C.H. (2008)
    10. Uptake of granulysin via lipid rafts leads to lysis of intracellular Listeria innocua. (PubMed id 15778384)1, 9 Walch M....Ziegler U. (2005)

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    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 10578 HGNC: 4414 AceView: GNLY Ensembl:ENSG00000115523 euGenes: HUgn10578
    ECgene: GNLY H-InvDB: GNLY

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
      --

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for GNLY Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    Patent Information for GNLY gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving GNLY

    GeneCards and IP:
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