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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GNGT2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC17M047283

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing...

Explore 6 diseases affiliated with
GNGT2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein), Gamma Transducing Activity Polypeptide 2¹ ²		G-GAMMA-8²
GNG9¹ ² ³		G-GAMMA-C²
G Gamma-C² ³		G Protein Cone Gamma 8 Subunit²
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein Gamma Transducing Activity Polypeptide 2² ³		Gamma-T2 Subunit²
G-Gamma-9¹		Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein Gamma 9²
GNG8² ³		Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) Subunit Gamma-T2²
GNGT8² ³		G-Gamma-8¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 4412¹	Entrez Gene: 2793²	Ensembl: ENSG00000167083⁷	OMIM: 139391⁵	UniProtKB: O14610³

Export aliases for GNGT2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17M046994 GC17M049763 GC17M047626 GC17M047758 GC17M044638 GC17M042649

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GNGT2:

Phototransduction in rod and cone photoreceptors is regulated by groups of signaling proteins. The encoded protein is

thought to play a crucial role in cone phototransduction. It belongs to the G protein gamma family and localized

specifically in cones. Several transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. (provided

by RefSeq, Nov 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GBGT2_HUMAN, O14610

Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various

transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of

GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction

summary for GNGT2:

Heterotrimeric G proteins are membrane bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. Each G protein

contains an alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit and is bound to GDP in the 'off' state. Ligand-receptor binding

results in detachment of the G protein, switching it to an 'on' state and permitting Galpha activation of

second messenger signalling cascades. There are several types of Galpha proteins; in addition, some

Gbetagamma subunits have active functions. Gbetagamma coupled to H1 receptors can activate PLA2 and

Gbetagamma coupled to M1 receptors can activate KIR channels.

Gene Wiki entry for GNGT2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010783.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GNGT2 gene promoter:
Ik-2 GATA-3 Nkx2-2 Pax-2 Lmo2 Pax-2a Nkx2-5 Pax-4a GATA-2
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GNGT2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GNGT2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GNGT2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q21 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q21.32 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q21

GNGT2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GNGT2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17M047283: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	47,280,153 bp from pter	End:	47,287,936 bp from pter
Size:	7,784 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GBGT2_HUMAN, O14610 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-T2 precursor

Size: 69 amino acids; 7747 Da

Subunit: G proteins are composed of 3 units, alpha, beta and gamma

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side (Potential)

Secondary accessions: B2R746 D3DTW5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GNGT2: NX_O14610

GNGT2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_001185683.1 NP_001185684.1 NP_001185685.1 NP_113686.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000420946 ENSP00000426022 ENSP00000300406 ENSP00000423924 ENSP00000421710

ENSP00000422879

Reactome Protein details: O14610
Human Recombinant Protein Products for GNGT2:

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	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	NAS	--
GO:0005834	heterotrimeric G-protein complex	NAS	9286705
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--

GNGT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GNGT2 for domains About GeneDecksing

2 InterPro domains/families:

IPR001770 Gprotein-gamma

IPR015898 G-protein_gamma-like_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O14610

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O14610

1 Blocks protein family: IPB001770 Gamma G-protein (transducin) signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GBGT2_HUMAN, O14610

Similarity: Belongs to the G protein gamma family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013, inGenious Targeting Laboratory,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Sirion Biotech, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, Sirion Biotech, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Molecular Function:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Summary: GBGT2_HUMAN, O14610

Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various

transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of

GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GNGT2:

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) gamma subunit,retinal cone phosphoreceptor specific

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003924	GTPase activity	NAS	9286705
GO:0004871	signal transducer activity	NAS	9286705

GNGT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:

inGenious Targeting Laboratory - Customizable classic, inducible, and humanized mouse model solutions for GNGT2

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GNGT2
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		hsa-miR-2110 hsa-miR-3126-5p
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In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GNGT2

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/60 super-pathways (see all 60) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta

8/12 pathways (see all 12)
G beta:gamma signalling through PLC beta	1.00	G beta:gamma signalling through PI3Kgamma	0.61
Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors	0.95	Inhibition of Insulin Secretion by Adrenaline/Noradrenaline	0.55
Prostacyclin signalling through prostacyclin receptor	0.77	G-protein activation	0.55
G-protein beta:gamma signalling	0.71	Glucagon-type ligand receptors	0.52

Development Angiotensin activation of ERK

8/9 pathways (see all 9)
Development Angiotensin activation of ERK	1.00	Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling	0.66
Development_Angiotensin activation of ERK	0.98	Development_EDNRB signaling	0.54
Development_ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK	0.74	Development EDNRB signaling	0.54
Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK	0.74	Cholinergic synapse	0.30

Development_A3 receptor signaling

Development_A3 receptor signaling	1.00	Development A1 receptor signaling	0.65
Development A3 receptor signaling	1.00	G-protein signaling_G-Protein alpha-q signaling cascades	0.53
Development_A1 receptor signaling	0.65	G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-q signaling cascades	0.53

G-protein signaling_G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades

G-protein signaling_G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades	1.00	Development Beta-adrenergic receptors regulation of ERK	0.55
G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades	1.00	G-protein signaling_G-Protein alpha-s signaling cascades	0.44
Development_Beta-adrenergic receptors regulation of ERK	0.55	G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-s signaling cascades	0.44

Development_Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR

Development_Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR	1.00	Development Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation of ERK	0.66
Development Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR	1.00	Chemotaxis_CXCR4 signaling pathway	0.48
Development_Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation of ERK	0.66	Chemotaxis CXCR4 signaling pathway	0.48

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/31 EMD Millipore Pathways for GNGT2 (see all 31)

	Chemotaxis CXCR4 signaling pathway
	Translation Translation regulation by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
	Development Activation of ERK by Alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
	Cytoskeleton remodeling Role of PKA in cytoskeleton reorganisation
	Development A1 receptor signaling

5/47 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GNGT2 (see all 47)

	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
	Intracellular Calcium Signaling
	CDK5 Pathway
	JNK Pathway
	ERK5 Signaling

5/34 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for GNGT2 (see all 34)

	Signal transduction cAMP signaling
	G-protein signaling Regulation of p38 and JNK signaling mediated by G-proteins
	G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades
	Inhibitory action of Lipoxins and Resolvin E1 on neutrophil functions
	Signal transduction Activation of PKC via G-Protein coupled receptor

2 BioSystems Pathways for GNGT2

	G Protein Signaling Pathways
	Visual signal transduction- Cones

5/47 Reactome Pathways for GNGT2 (see all 47)

	G alpha (12/13) signalling events
	Platelet homeostasis
	G protein gated Potassium channels
	G alpha (z) signalling events
	Inwardly rectifying K+ channels

3 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for GNGT2):

	Chemokine signaling pathway
	Glutamatergic synapse
	Cholinergic synapse

GNGT2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GNGT2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/66 Interacting proteins for GNGT2 (O14610³ ENSP00000300406⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 66)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
KCNJ4	P48050³, ENSP00000306497⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000306497
GNB1	P62873³, ENSP00000367872⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000367872
GNB4	Q9HAV0³, ENSP00000232564⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000232564
GNB2	P62879³, ENSP00000305260⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000305260
GNA15	ENSP00000262958⁴	STRING: ENSP00000262958

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006184	GTP catabolic process	NAS	9286705
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	NAS	9286705
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	TAS	--
GO:0007602	phototransduction	NAS	9286705

GNGT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for GNGT2 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Gallein	Inhibitor of betagamma signaling	[2103-64-2]
GRK2i	GRK2 inhibitory polypeptide. Gbetagamma antagonist	[148505-03-7]

3 HMDB Compounds for GNGT2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Guanosine diphosphate	5'-GDP (see all 10)	146-91-8	--
Guanosine monophosphate	5'-GMP (see all 14)	85-32-5	--
Guanosine triphosphate	5'-GTP (see all 10)	86-01-1	--

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GNGT2 / GBGT2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, Sirion Biotech, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GNGT2 gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_001198754.1 NM_001198755.1 NM_001198756.1 NM_031498.2

Unigene Cluster for GNGT2:

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma transducing activity polypeptide 2

Hs.181781 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BM560838

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000503070 ENST00000511277(uc002ioo.2 uc021tzo.1 uc021tzp.1 uc021tzq.1)

ENST00000300406 ENST00000515635 ENST00000507680 ENST00000511673

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Additional cDNA sequence:

AF365870.1 AF493876.1 AK312839.1 BC008663.1

5 DOTS entries:

DT.310647 DT.100736579 DT.100670638 DT.120991973 DT.99999470

24/31 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 31):

AF493876 BM727966 AW406640 AI986049 AA826124 BP431367 AA827682 BC008663

AA826126 AI857683 BU934040 BM799620 BM723861 AA937384 BX106556 BG166602

BE618270 BU933059 AA919048 BU742490 NM_031498 H29895 BX491014 CB565923

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GNGT2 About this scheme

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3	^	4	^	5	^	6a	·	6b	·	6c	·	6d	·	6e
SP1:			-		-		-		-
SP2:							-		-
SP3:									-
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GNGT2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GNGT2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GAGCCCTGCC

About this image

GNGT2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

6 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Eye

Outer Nuclear Layer

Mature M Cone Cells

Selective marker (cell-identifying gene)

Photoreceptors, Retina

Eye

Outer Nuclear Layer

Mature M-S Cone Cells

Photoreceptors, Retina

Eye

Outer Nuclear Layer

Mature S Cone Cells

Photoreceptors, Retina

Eye

Outer Nuclear Layer

Mature L Cone Cells

Photoreceptors, Retina

Heart

Atrioventricular Canal

Atrioventricular Canal Cells

Myocardium

Heart

Endocardium

Endocardial Tube Cells

Endocardium

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See GNGT2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GNGT2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.181781

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GBGT2_HUMAN, O14610

Tissue specificity: Retinal cones

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including GNGT2:

Alzheimer's Disease in human mouse rat

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for GNGT2 gene from 4/9 species (see all 9) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Gngt2^{1 , 5}	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma more^{1, 5}	85.02(n)¹ 82.61(a)¹		11 (59.01 cM)⁵ 14710¹ NM_001038664.2¹ NP_001033753.2¹ 95837216⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	LOC100859179¹	guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit more	74.4(n) 73.91(a)		100859179 XM_003642789.1 XP_003642837.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	GNGT2⁶	--	72(a)	1 ↔ 1	6(76182970-76184287)
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	gngt2²	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), gamma more	72.97(n)		335655 BC059612.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GNGT2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GNGT2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for GNGT2 gene

GNGT1² GNG11²

11 SIMAP similar genes for GNGT2 using alignment to 2 protein entries: GBGT2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

GNGT1 GNG11 DKFZp762E193 GNG12 GNG7 GNG4

GNG2 GNG3 GNG8 GNG5 GNG10

GNGT2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
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SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs4793612^1,2	C,F,H	--	42649864(+)	`CTAAAT/CTCCAT`	4	--	ds500¹		8		NS EA NA	990
rs73338390^1,2	C	--	42650425(+)	`GGGGGT/CCTAGG`	4	--	ut3¹		3		WA EU	713
rs111300830^1,2	F	--	42650627(+)	`AAAAAG/ATGTTT`	4	--	int¹		2		CSA	4
rs57257173^1,2	C	--	42651860(+)	`GCACTC/TCAGCC`	4	--	int¹		1		WA	2
rs11870907^1,2	H	--	42652168(+)	`aggcgA/Ccaaga`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77939396^1,2	C,F	--	42652600(+)	`CAAGTC/AACTTG`	6	--	us2k¹ ut5¹		1		WA	118
rs3744319^1,2	C,F,H	--	42652744(+)	`TCACCC/TGCTTG`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		7		EA NA NS	1814
rs12450531^1,2	C,H	--	42652812(+)	`AAACGC/TGAAAA`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		5		NS EA NA	422
rs2233359^1,2	C,F,H	--	42653327(+)	`NNNNCC/TTGCTC`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		17		NS EA NA	1982
rs2233363^1,2	H	--	42653837(+)	`GGCAAC/TCTCTC`	6	--	us2k¹ int¹		4		NS EA	420

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GNGT2 (47280153 - 47287936 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for GNGT2: --

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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GNGT2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 139391    OMIM disorders: --

6 diseases for GNGT2:    About MalaCards

cll/sll cone-rod dystrophy retinitis huntington's disease

colorectal cancer breast cancer

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GNGT2:

CLL/SLL

Export disorders for GNGT2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for GNGT2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 20):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GNGT2)

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Gene structure and chromosome localization of the G gamma c subunit of human cone G-protein (GNGT2). (PubMed id 9286705)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Ong O.C.... Fung B.K.-K. (1997)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Identification of a region in G protein gamma subunits conserved across species but hypervariable among subunit isoforms. (PubMed id 11714923)^{1, 2} Cook L.A....Hildebrandt J.D. (2001)
beta-Arrestin1 interacts with the G-protein subunits beta1gamma2 and promotes beta1gamma2-dependent Akt signalling for NF-kappaB activation. (PubMed id 18729826)¹ Yang M....Ye R.D. (2009)
Gbeta3 forms distinct dimers with specific Ggamma subunits and preferentially activates the beta3 isoform of phospholipase C. (PubMed id 19168127)¹ Poon L.S....Wong Y.H. (2009)
Role of molecular chaperones in G protein beta5/regul ator of G protein signaling dimer assembly and G protein betagamma dimer specif icity. (PubMed id 19376773)¹ Howlett A.C....Willardson B.M. (2009)
hORFeome v3.1: a resource of human open reading frames representing over 10,000 human genes. (PubMed id 17207965)¹ Lamesch P.... Vidal M. (2007)
Evidence for association of GABA(B) receptors with Kir3 channels and regulators of G protein signalling (RGS4) proteins. (PubMed id 17185339)¹ Fowler C.E....Slesinger P.A. (2007)
The molecular basis for T-type Ca2+ channel inhibition by G protein beta2gamma2 subunits. (PubMed id 16973746)¹ DePuy S.D....Barrett P.Q. (2006)
Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes. (PubMed id 16344560)¹ Kimura K.... Sugano S. (2006)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 2793	HGNC: 4412	AceView: GNGT2	Ensembl:ENSG00000167083	euGenes: HUgn2793
ECgene: GNGT2	Kegg: 2793	H-InvDB: GNGT2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GNGT2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for GNGT2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for GNGT2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GNGT2

GeneCards and IP:
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