Home
GeneCards Guide
Suite
- MalaCards
- GeneALaCart
- GeneDecks
- GeneIP
- GeneLoc
Terms and Conditions
- Terms of Use
- 3rd Party Notice
About Us
User Feedback
Mirror sites

Set Analyses:

Generates a file of GeneCards annotations for your list of genes

Advanced Search

Search By

Section (entire)

for

All GeneCards Within gene subset (to enable gene prioritization):
or upload a file of gene symbols

Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GNAL Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 63
GCID: GC18P011862

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating...

Explore 19 diseases affiliated with
GNAL via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein), Alpha Activating Activity Polypeptide, Olfactory Type¹ ²
Adenylate Cyclase-Stimulating G Alpha Protein, Olfactory Type² ³
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein), Alpha Stimulating Activity Polypeptide, Olfactory Type²
Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(Olf) Subunit Alpha²

External Ids:	HGNC: 4388¹	Entrez Gene: 2774²	Ensembl: ENSG00000141404⁷	OMIM: 139312⁵	UniProtKB: P38405³

Export aliases for GNAL gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC18P011973 GC18P011808 GC18P011679 GC18P011689

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAL_HUMAN, P38405

Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various

transmembrane signaling systems. G(olf) alpha mediates signal transduction within the olfactory neuroepithelium and

the basal ganglia. May be involved in some aspect of visual transduction, and in mediating the effect of one or more

hormones/neurotransmitters

summary for GNAL:

Heterotrimeric G proteins are membrane bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. Each G protein

contains an alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit and is bound to GDP in the 'off' state. Ligand-receptor binding

results in detachment of the G protein, switching it to an 'on' state and permitting Galpha activation of

second messenger signalling cascades. There are several types of Galpha proteins; Galphas and Galphai bind

directly to adenylyl cyclase and stimulate or inhibit its activity, leading to an increase or decrease in

cAMP levels respectively.

Gene Wiki entry for GNAL

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000018.9 NC_018929.1 NT_010859.14

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GNAL gene promoter:
Oct-B1 C/EBPbeta POU2F1 oct-B3 oct-B2 CP2 AML1a POU2F1a CUTL1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): GNAL promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GNAL

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 18p11.22-p11.21 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 18p11.21 HGNC cytogenetic band: 18p11.22-p11.21

GNAL Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GNAL gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 18 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC18P011862: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	11,688,955 bp from pter	End:	11,885,684 bp from pter
Size:	196,730 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAL_HUMAN, P38405 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha

Size: 381 amino acids; 44308 Da

Subunit: G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide

binding site

Secondary accessions: B7ZA26 Q86XU3

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: P38405-1 P38405-2 P38405-3 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GNAL: NX_P38405

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P38405

GNAL Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_001135811.1 NP_001248372.1 NP_001248373.1 NP_892023.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000334051 ENSP00000439023 ENSP00000269162 ENSP00000408489 ENSP00000467345

ENSP00000467709 ENSP00000466709

Reactome Protein details: P38405
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 2): GNAL OriGene Custom Protein Services for GNAL
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GNAL
	Novus Biologicals GNAL Proteins Novus Biologicals GNAL Lysates
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Proteins at Uscn

Gene Ontology (GO): 3 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005834	heterotrimeric G-protein complex	IBA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0031234	extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane	IBA	--

GNAL for ontologies About GeneDecksing

GNAL Antibody Products:

	Browse EMD Millipore's Extensive Line of Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Browse OriGene Antibodies OriGene Custom Antibody Services for GNAL
	GenScript Superior Antibodies for GNAL
	Novus Biologicals GNAL Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for GNAL
	Browse Antibodies at Uscn
	Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for GNAL

Assay Products for GNAL:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GNAL
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Browse ELISAs and CLIAs at Uscn

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GNAL for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR001019 Gprotein_alpha_su

IPR000367 Gprotein_alpha_S

IPR011025 GproteinA_insert

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P38405

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P38405

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000367 G-protein alpha subunit group S signature

IPB001019 Alpha G-protein (transducin) signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAL_HUMAN, P38405

Similarity: Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAL_HUMAN, P38405

Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various

transmembrane signaling systems. G(olf) alpha mediates signal transduction within the olfactory neuroepithelium and

the basal ganglia. May be involved in some aspect of visual transduction, and in mediating the effect of one or more

hormones/neurotransmitters

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GNAL:

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) alpha stimulating activity,olfactory type

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GNAL
		8/28 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GNAL (see all 28):
		hsa-miR-562 hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-139-5p hsa-miR-575 hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-let-7c hsa-miR-105 hsa-let-7g

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GNAL 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL (see all 4) OriGene shRNA RFP: GNAL OriGene siRNA: GNAL
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GNAL

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GNAL

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL (see all 3) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): GNAL (NM_182978)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GNAL
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GNAL

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GNAL
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GNAL

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GNAL

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001664	G-protein coupled receptor binding	IBA	--
GO:0003924	GTPase activity	TAS	8243272
GO:0004871	signal transducer activity	IBA	--
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--
GO:0031683	G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex binding	IBA	--

GNAL for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Gnal^tm1Rax for GNAL
     4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Gnal):

behavior/neurological

growth/size

mortality/aging

taste/olfaction

GNAL for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/36 super-pathways (see all 36) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

G-Beta Gamma Signaling

G-Beta Gamma Signaling	1.00	Relaxin Pathway	0.32
GHRH Signaling	0.46	Hedgehog Signaling in Mammals	0.22
CRHR Pathway	0.44

Adenylate cyclase activating pathway

	Adenylate cyclase activating pathway	1.00			Inhibition of adenylate cyclase pathway	0.77
	Adenylate cyclase inhibitory pathway	0.77			LPA4-mediated signaling events	0.67

Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA

	Activation of cAMP-Dependent PKA	1.00			Activation of PKA through GPCR	0.71
	cAMP Pathway	0.77			PKA Signaling	0.56

Rho Family GTPases

	Rho Family GTPases	1.00			Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer	0.51
	ERK Signaling	0.61			MAPK Signaling	0.51

CREB Pathway

	CREB Pathway	1.00			Activation of PKC through GPCR	0.63
	IP3 Pathway	0.68			Intracellular Calcium Signaling	0.50

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/55 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GNAL (see all 55)

	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
	Intracellular Calcium Signaling
	Visual Cycle in Retinal Rods
	CDK5 Pathway
	ERK5 Signaling

2 BioSystems Pathways for GNAL

	G Protein Signaling Pathways
	LPA4-mediated signaling events

5/15 Reactome Pathways for GNAL (see all 15)

	GPCR downstream signaling
	Transmission across Chemical Synapses
	Inhibition of adenylate cyclase pathway
	Signaling by GPCR
	Neuronal System

4 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for GNAL):

	Calcium signaling pathway
	Olfactory transduction
	Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
	Amoebiasis

GNAL for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for GNAL

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/434 Interacting proteins for GNAL (P38405³ ENSP00000334051⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 434)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
BABAM1	Q9NWV8³, ENSP00000352408⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000352408
USP3	Q9Y6I4³, ENSP00000369681⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000369681
SPATA2	Q9UM82³, ENSP00000289431⁴	I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000289431
UBC	P0CG48³, ENSP00000344818⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000344818
BECN1	Q14457³	I2D: score=1

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001975	response to amphetamine	IEA	--
GO:0006184	GTP catabolic process	TAS	8243272
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	8243272
GO:0007189	adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS	--
GO:0007190	activation of adenylate cyclase activity	IEA	--

GNAL for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

GNAL for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for GNAL available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Mastoparan X	G protein activator peptide	[72093-22-2]
G-Protein antagonist peptide	Inhibits G protein activation by GPCRs	[143675-79-0]

3 HMDB Compounds for GNAL About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Guanosine diphosphate	5'-GDP (see all 10)	146-91-8	--
Guanosine monophosphate	5'-GMP (see all 14)	85-32-5	--
Guanosine triphosphate	5'-GTP (see all 10)	86-01-1	--

1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for GNAL gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
guanine	58	6	8381506 (2), 16757530 (1), 11359849 (1), 18034856 (1) (see all 5)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GNAL

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GNAL gene (5 alternative transcripts):

NM_002071.3 NM_001142339.2 NM_001261443.1 NM_001261444.1 NM_182978.3

Unigene Cluster for GNAL:

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating activity polypeptide, olfactory type

Hs.136295 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_182978

10 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000334049(uc002kqc.2) ENST00000585590 ENST00000535121 ENST00000269162(uc010dkz.2 uc002kqd.2 uc010wzt.1)

ENST00000423027 ENST00000585642 ENST00000590972 ENST00000590228 ENST00000535980

ENST00000586926

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GNAL
		8/28 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GNAL (see all 28):
		hsa-miR-562 hsa-let-7d hsa-miR-139-5p hsa-miR-575 hsa-let-7a-2* hsa-let-7c hsa-miR-105 hsa-let-7g

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GNAL 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL (see all 4) OriGene shRNA RFP: GNAL OriGene siRNA: GNAL
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GNAL

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL (see all 3) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 3): GNAL (NM_182978)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GNAL
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GNAL

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GNAL Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GNAL
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF493893.1 AK090868.1 AK290054.1 AK295088.1 AK307260.1 AK313902.1 AK316141.1 BC050021.1

L10665.1

14 DOTS entries:

DT.95289650 DT.97802597 DT.112631 DT.121097680 DT.121097686 DT.91959371 DT.97794936 DT.99989186

DT.121097670 DT.121097695 DT.75141667 DT.75196918 DT.97815437 DT.97845878

24/96 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 96):

CB243178 BM908948 CD515731 AL047642 AI452450 AF493893 N37076 CR597962

BP362417 AA728766 F10584 AA479952 AA234773 BI011962 CR593590 AA478853

AW263536 BX647051 R52708 BM313729 AW156895 NM_002071 BX097239 NM_182978

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GNAL (see all 6) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9	^	10	^	11	^	12	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	^	15	^	16	^	17a	·	17b
SP1:					-		-		-		-												-														-
SP2:																							-														-
SP3:																																					-
SP4:									-
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GNAL

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GNAL expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: GTAGGAGGCA

About this image

GNAL expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See GNAL Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GNAL

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.136295

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAL_HUMAN, P38405

Tissue specificity: Detected in olfactory neuroepithelium, brain, testis, and to a lower extent in retina, lung

alveoli, spleen. Trace amounts where seen in kidney, adrenal gland and liver. Found to be expressed in all the

insulinomas examined

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for GNAL

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GNAL Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GNAL
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GNAL

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for GNAL gene from 7/23 species (see all 23) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	GNAL¹	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha more	82.28(n) 89.53(a)		474379 NM_001008746.1 NP_001008746.1
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	AJ296281.1²	--	81.42(n)		AJ296281.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wufb10c03²	wufb10c03	78.85(n)		336426 BC045934.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	G-salpha60A³	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway more	69(a) (best of 2)		60A13 --
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	gsa-1³	guanine nucleotide-binding protein	66(a) (best of 2)		I(1068998-1074345) --
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	XLG1⁶ XLG2⁶ (see all 4)	extra-large GTP-binding protein 2 (see all 4)	9(a) 8(a) (see all 4)	many ↔ many many ↔ many (see all 4)	2(9995478-9999122) 4(16441179-16445005)
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	-- -- (see all 5)	G-protein alpha subunit, putative, expressed (see all 5)	9(a) 9(a) (see all 5)	many ↔ many many ↔ many (see all 5)	11(5374175-5379657) 6(633143-639480)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GNAL (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GNAL (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for GNAL gene

GNAS²

17 SIMAP similar genes for GNAL using alignment to 5 protein entries: GNAL_HUMAN (see all proteins):

GSA GNAS GNAQ GNAO1 GNAT2 GNAT3

GNA11 GNAI2 GNA14 GNAI3 GNAT1 GNAI1

GNAZ GNA15 GNA13 GNA12 WUGSC

GNAL for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 18 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs183580780^1,2		--	11687141(+)	`CTAGAC/TAACAT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs187673197^1,2		--	11687158(+)	`AACTCA/GTCTTT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs145064383^1,2	C,	--	11687194(+)	`AGCCA-/GGCCTG`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77540112^1,2	F,	--	11687424(+)	`TAAAGT/CTTAGC`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs192493994^1,2		--	11687496(+)	`CCTTTC/GCTGCC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs142418326^1,2		--	11687517(+)	`CTCTTC/TCCCAT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs116333971^1,2	F,	--	11687553(+)	`ATACTC/GTGAGA`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs17515178^1,2	C,F,H,	--	11687569(+)	`GTTTTC/TTCCCT`	1	--	us2k¹ trp³		28		NA EA NS CSA WA	2928
rs117349629^1,2		--	11687617(+)	`CTGTGT/ATTTTA`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NA	120
rs141030533^1,2		--	11687696(+)	`CACCAA/GCAAGA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GNAL (11688955 - 11885684 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 11 variations for GNAL
4 CNVs: 77806 88724 67303 49955
7 Indels: 77808 88725 41822 60255 102600 88726 77807
Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB): GNAL

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GNAL

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GNAL

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

GNAL for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 139312    OMIM disorders: --

19 diseases for GNAL:    About MalaCards

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder major depressive disorder pseudohypoparathyroidism leydig cell tumor

atrial fibrillation blepharospasm bipolar disorder fainting

chagas disease trypanosomiasis insulinoma pertussis

schizophrenia retinoblastoma pancreatitis neuronitis

huntington's disease breast cancer retinitis

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GNAL:

Blepharospasm

5 Novoseek disease relationships for GNAL gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
pseudohypoparathyroidism	70.1	1	8862504 (1)
bipolar disorder	39.4	3	11032382 (2), 8147460 (1)
mood disorders	27	2	11901355 (1)
major depression	20.6	1	8147460 (1)
schizophrenia	19.7	3	11032382 (2), 14690303 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): GNAL
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GNAL (4 documents)

Export disorders for GNAL gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for GNAL gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 51):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GNAL)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
Analysis of polymorphisms in the alpha-subunit of the olfactory G-protein Golf in lithium-treated bipolar patients. (PubMed id 12782961)^{1, 4} Zill P....Christodoulou G.N. (2003)
Human G(olf) alpha: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid structure and expression in pancreatic islets and other tissues outside the olfactory neuroepithelium and central nervous system. (PubMed id 8243272)^{1, 2} Zigman J.M.... Steiner D.F. (1993)
Evolution of the mammalian G protein alpha subunit multigene family. (PubMed id 1302014)^{1, 3} Wilkie T.M....Simon M.I. (1992)
Investigation of the G protein subunit Galphaolf gene (GNAL) in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (PubMed id 17166517)^{1, 9} Laurin N....Barr C.L. (2008)
Sequence and genomic organization of the human G-protein Golfalpha gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. (PubMed id 11032382)^{1, 9} Vuoristo J.T....Ala-Kokko L. (2000)
Alternative transcripts and evidence of imprinting of GNAL on 18p11.2. (PubMed id 16044173)^{1, 9} Corradi J.P....Furlong S.T. (2005)
Analysis of polymorphisms in the olfactory G-protein Golf in major depression. (PubMed id 11901355)^{1, 9} Zill P....Bondy B. (2002)
Mutations in GNAL cause primary torsion dystonia. (PubMed id 23222958)¹ Fuchs T....Ozelius L.J. (2013)
Methods for quantification of in vivo changes in prote in ubiquitination following proteasome and deubiquitinase inhibition. (PubMed id 22505724)¹ Udeshi N.D....Carr S.A. (2012)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 2774	HGNC: 4388	AceView: GNAL	Ensembl:ENSG00000141404	euGenes: HUgn2774
ECgene: GNAL	Kegg: 2774	H-InvDB: GNAL

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GNAL	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for GNAL gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

About This Section

Patent Information for GNAL gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GNAL

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
In Situ Hybridization Assays from
Advanced Cell Diagnostics
About This Section


	EMD Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	EMD Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	EMD Millipore Immunoassay Services
	EMD Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Browse Antibodies		Browse Cell Culture Products
	Browse ELISAs		Browse Flow Cytometry Kits
	Browse Primer Pairs		Browse Kinase Activity Assays/Reagents
	Browse ELISpot Kits/Development Modules		Browse TFB/Immunoprecipitation Assays
	Browse Apoptosis Detection Kits/Reagents		Browse Ubiquitin Proteasome Pathway (UPP) Assay Kits/Reagents
	Browse DNA Damage/Repair Kits/Reagents		Browse Multiplex/Array Assay Kits/Reagents
	Browse Cell Selection/Detection Kits/Reagents		Browse Secondary Antibodies/Controls/Staining Reagents
	Browse Phosphatase Activity Assays/Reagents		Browse Recombinant/Natural Proteins

	Browse OriGene Antibodies		OriGene shRNA RFP for GNAL
	OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GNAL
	OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate for GNAL		Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	OriGene siRNA for GNAL		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation
	OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAL
	Browse OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector		Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
	Browse OriGene basic RS shRNAs		Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells		OriGene custom cloning services - gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
	OriGene Custom Antibody Services for GNAL		OriGene Custom Protein Services for GNAL
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development

	QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of in human, mouse, rat GNAL
	QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GNAL
	QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL
	QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GNAL
	QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL
	QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAL

	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for GNAL		GenScript cDNA clones with any tag delivered in your preferred vector for GNAL
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GNAL		GenScript Superior Antibodies for GNAL
	GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GNAL		CloneReady with Over 120,000 Genes
	Gene Synthesis: Any Gene in Any Vector		Vector-based siRNA and miRNA, Ready for Transfection
	Gene Mutant Library, Variants up to 10^11		Plasmid Preparation
	Custom Peptide Services

Search for Antibodies & Assays

	Regulatory tfbs in GNAL promoter
	Search Chromatin IP Primers for GNAL
	RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GNAL
	Search GNC Networks for GNAL
	SABiosciences PCR Arrays including human, mouse, rat GNAL

Tocris compounds for GNAL

	Browse Sino Biological Proteins and Antibodies
	Browse Sino Biological cDNA Clones
	Antibodies/Proteins Production Services
	Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody Platform
	Bulk Purchasing

Search www.enzolifesciences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

	Novus Tissue Slides
	GNAL antibodies
	GNAL proteins
	GNAL lysates

	Antibodies for GNAL
	See all of Abcam's Antibodies, Kits and Proteins for GNAL
	Custom Antibody / Protein Production Service
	Bulk Purchasing
	Advantages of Rabbit Monoclonal antibodies
	Abcam protocols and scientific support

Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins

Browse ELISAs, CLIAs, Proteins, and Antibodies at Uscn

Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GNAL

	Gene Synthesis
	Protein Engineering
	Variant Library Synthesis
	Codon Optimization
	Protein Production and Purification

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GNAL

	SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids for GNAL
	SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids for GNAL

Search ThermoFisher Antibodies for GNAL

Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GNAL

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 19 Mar 2013 - Incrementals: 21 Mar 2013 , 15 Apr 2013 , 27 Apr 2013

View Random Gene

Category			VWF (GIFTS: 73) von Willebrand factor
GIFtS Group

The GeneCards human gene database gene index: 1 3 5 6 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

The GeneCards Human Gene Database

Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center, Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science

Hot genes Disease genes GNAL gene at Home site.

hostname: 356980-web2.xennexinc.com index build: 100 solr: 1.4

Advanced Search

Export list of displayed genes

GNAL Gene

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating...

Aliases
for GNAL gene

Summaries
for GNAL gene

Genomic Views
for GNAL gene

Proteins
for GNAL gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for GNAL gene

Function
for GNAL gene

Pathways & Interactions
for GNAL gene

Drugs & Compounds
for GNAL gene

Transcripts
for GNAL gene

Expression
for GNAL gene

Orthologs
for GNAL gene

Paralogs
for GNAL gene

Genomic Variants
for GNAL gene

Disorders / Diseases
for GNAL gene

Publications
for GNAL gene

External Searches for GNAL gene

Genome Databases showing GNAL gene

Other Databases showing GNAL gene

Specialized Databases showing GNAL gene

Intellectual Property
for GNAL gene

Products
for GNAL gene

View Random Gene

Advanced Search

Export list of displayed genes

GNAL Gene

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha activating...

Aliasesfor GNAL gene

Summariesfor GNAL gene

Genomic Viewsfor GNAL gene

Proteinsfor GNAL gene

Protein Domains /Familiesfor GNAL gene

Functionfor GNAL gene

Pathways & Interactionsfor GNAL gene

Drugs & Compoundsfor GNAL gene

Transcriptsfor GNAL gene

Expression for GNAL gene

Orthologsfor GNAL gene

Paralogsfor GNAL gene

Genomic Variantsfor GNAL gene

Disorders / Diseasesfor GNAL gene

Publicationsfor GNAL gene

External Searches for GNAL gene

Genome Databases showing GNAL gene

Other Databases showing GNAL gene

Specialized Databases showing GNAL gene

Intellectual Propertyfor GNAL gene

Productsfor GNAL gene

View Random Gene

Aliases
for GNAL gene

Summaries
for GNAL gene

Genomic Views
for GNAL gene

Proteins
for GNAL gene

Protein Domains /
Families
for GNAL gene

Function
for GNAL gene

Pathways & Interactions
for GNAL gene

Drugs & Compounds
for GNAL gene

Transcripts
for GNAL gene

Expression
for GNAL gene

Orthologs
for GNAL gene

Paralogs
for GNAL gene

Genomic Variants
for GNAL gene

Disorders / Diseases
for GNAL gene

Publications
for GNAL gene

Intellectual Property
for GNAL gene

Products
for GNAL gene