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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GNAI2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 70
GCID: GC03P050263

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting...

(Previous symbol: GNAI2B)

Explore 26 diseases affiliated with
GNAI2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Protein (G Protein), Alpha Inhibiting Activity Polypeptide 2¹ ²		H_LUCA16.1²
GNAI2B¹ ² ³ ⁵		GTP-Binding Regulatory Protein Gi Alpha-2 Chain²
GIP¹ ² ⁵		Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I) Subunit Alpha-2²
Adenylate Cyclase-Inhibiting G Alpha Protein² ³		Guanine Nucleotide-Binding Protein G(I), Alpha-2 Subunit²
H_LUCA15.1²

External Ids:	HGNC: 4385¹	Entrez Gene: 2771²	Ensembl: ENSG00000114353⁷	OMIM: 139360⁵	UniProtKB: P04899³

Export aliases for GNAI2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC03M049690 GC03M049860 GC03P050118 GC03P050223 GC03P050232 GC03P050239

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GNAI2:

The protein encoded by this gene is an alpha subunit of guanine nucleotide binding proteins (G proteins). The encoded

protein contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and is involved in the hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase.

Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been detected for this gene, but the full-length nature

of only two are known so far. (provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAI2_HUMAN, P04899

Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various

transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they

inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division

Function: Isoform sGi2: Regulates the cell surface density of dopamine receptors DRD2 by sequestrating them as an

intracellular pool

summary for GNAI2:

Heterotrimeric G proteins are membrane bound GTPases that are linked to 7-TM receptors. Each G protein

contains an alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunit and is bound to GDP in the 'off' state. Ligand-receptor binding

results in detachment of the G protein, switching it to an 'on' state and permitting Galpha activation of

second messenger signalling cascades. There are several types of Galpha proteins; Galphas and Galphai bind

directly to adenylyl cyclase and stimulate or inhibit its activity, leading to an increase or decrease in

cAMP levels respectively.

Gene Wiki entry for GNAI2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000003.11 NC_018914.1 NT_022517.18

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GNAI2 gene promoter:
SRF CHOP-10 GR Sp1 SRF (504 AA) GR-alpha C/EBPalpha
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GNAI2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GNAI2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GNAI2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 3p21.31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 3p21.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 3p21.31

GNAI2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GNAI2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 3 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC03P050263: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	50,263,724 bp from pter	End:	50,296,787 bp from pter
Size:	33,064 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAI2_HUMAN, P04899 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2

Size: 355 amino acids; 40451 Da

Subunit: G proteins are composed of 3 units; alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide

binding site. Interacts with GPSM1. Interacts with RGS12 and RGS14 (By similarity). Interacts with UNC5B

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosome. Cell membrane. Note=Localizes in the centrosomes

of interphase and mitotic cells. Detected at the cleavage furrow and/or the midbody

Secondary accessions: B4DYA0 Q6B6N3 Q8IZ71

Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: P04899-1 P04899-2 P04899-3 P04899-4 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GNAI2: NX_P04899

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P04899

GNAI2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001159897.1 NP_002061.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000406871 ENSP00000406065 ENSP00000312999 ENSP00000394321 ENSP00000395736

ENSP00000406369 ENSP00000266027 ENSP00000444360

Reactome Protein details: P04899
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Novus Biologicals GNAI2 Proteins Novus Biologicals GNAI2 Lysate
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GNAI2
	Uscn Proteins for GNAI2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005624	membrane fraction	--	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	17635935
GO:0005813	centrosome	IDA	17635935
GO:0005829	cytosol	IEA	--

GNAI2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

GNAI2 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GNAI2
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	GenScript Superior Antibodies for GNAI2
	Novus Biologicals GNAI2 Antibodies
	Abcam antibodies for GNAI2
	Uscn Antibodies for GNAI2
	ThermoFisher Antibody for GNAI2

Assay Products for GNAI2:

	EMD Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of GNAI2
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GNAI2
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GNAI2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GNAI2 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR001019 Gprotein_alpha_su

IPR011025 GproteinA_insert

IPR001408 Gprotein_alpha_I

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P04899

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P04899

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB001019 Alpha G-protein (transducin) signature

IPB001408 G-protein alpha subunit group I signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAI2_HUMAN, P04899

Similarity: Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GNAI2_HUMAN, P04899

Function: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various

transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they

inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division

Function: Isoform sGi2: Regulates the cell surface density of dopamine receptors DRD2 by sequestrating them as an

intracellular pool

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GNAI2:

guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein),alpha inhibiting activity,polypeptide 2

miRNA Products:		miRTarBase miRNAs that target GNAI2: hsa-mir-30a (MIRT005181), hsa-mir-30d (MIRT003274)

		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: GNAI2 Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GNAI2
		8/68 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GNAI2 (see all 68):
		hsa-miR-124* hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-3607-3p hsa-miR-632 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-30d hsa-miR-30a

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GNAI2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GNAI2 OriGene siRNA: GNAI2
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GNAI2

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GNAI2

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 (see all 3) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): GNAI2 (NM_002070)
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GNAI2
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GNAI2

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GNAI2
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GNAI2

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GNAI2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001664	G-protein coupled receptor binding	IBA	--
GO:0003924	GTPase activity	IBA	--
GO:0004871	signal transducer activity	IBA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	16189514
GO:0005525	GTP binding	IEA	--

GNAI2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-outs for GNAI2: Gnai2^tm1Uru Gnai2^tm1Lbi Gnai2^tm1Rmm
     13 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Gnai2):

behavior/neurological	cardiovascular system	cellular	digestive/alimentary	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	liver/biliary system
mortality/aging	respiratory system	tumorigenesis

GNAI2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/78 super-pathways (see all 78) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Development Angiotensin activation of ERK

8/9 pathways (see all 9)
Development Angiotensin activation of ERK	1.00	Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling	0.66
Development_Angiotensin activation of ERK	0.98	Development_EDNRB signaling	0.54
Development_ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK	0.74	Development EDNRB signaling	0.54
Development ACM2 and ACM4 activation of ERK	0.74	Cholinergic synapse	0.30

Development_Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR

Development_Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR	1.00	Development Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation of ERK	0.66
Development Dopamine D2 receptor transactivation of EGFR	1.00	Chemotaxis_CXCR4 signaling pathway	0.48
Development_Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor activation of ERK	0.66	Chemotaxis CXCR4 signaling pathway	0.48

Opioid Signalling

Opioid Signalling	1.00	Beta-agonist/Beta-blocker Pathway, Pharmacodynamics	0.35
G-protein mediated events	0.55	Glutamatergic synapse	0.31
PLC beta mediated events	0.54

G Protein Signaling Pathways

G Protein Signaling Pathways	1.00	Signal transduction_PKA signaling	0.23
Signal transduction cAMP signaling	0.44	Signal transduction PKA signaling	0.23
Signal transduction_cAMP signaling	0.44

G-Beta Gamma Signaling

G-Beta Gamma Signaling	1.00	Relaxin Pathway	0.32
GHRH Signaling	0.46	Hedgehog Signaling in Mammals	0.22
CRHR Pathway	0.44

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/23 EMD Millipore Pathways for GNAI2 (see all 23)

	Chemotaxis CXCR4 signaling pathway
	Development A1 receptor signaling
	Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils
	Cell adhesion Integrin inside-out signaling
	Development G-Proteins mediated regulation MARK-ERK signaling

5/57 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GNAI2 (see all 57)

	RhoA Pathway
	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer
	Intracellular Calcium Signaling
	Visual Cycle in Retinal Rods
	CDK5 Pathway

5/25 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for GNAI2 (see all 25)

	Signal transduction cAMP signaling
	Development Endothelin-1/EDNRA signaling
	G-protein signaling Regulation of p38 and JNK signaling mediated by G-proteins
	G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-i signaling cascades
	Inhibitory action of Lipoxins and Resolvin E1 on neutrophil functions

5/13 BioSystems Pathways for GNAI2 (see all 13)

	Signal Transduction of S1P Receptor
	Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell
	G Protein Signaling Pathways
	TSH signaling pathway
	S1P4 pathway

5/24 Reactome Pathways for GNAI2 (see all 24)

	Transmission across Chemical Synapses
	Metabolism
	Regulation of Insulin Secretion
	Neuronal System
	Opioid Signalling

3 PharmGKB Pathways for GNAI2

	Beta-agonist/Beta-blocker Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
	Platelet Aggregation Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics
	Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics

5/14 Kegg Pathways (Kegg details for GNAI2) (see all 14):

	Chemokine signaling pathway
	Axon guidance
	Tight junction
	Gap junction
	Leukocyte transendothelial migration

GNAI2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GNAI2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/351 Interacting proteins for GNAI2 (P04899^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000312999⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 351)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
NCF2	P19878²^,³, ENSP00000356505⁴	MINT-7135264 MINT-7135250 MINT-7135281 MINT-7135162 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000356505
NCF1	P14598²^,³, ENSP00000289473⁴	MINT-7135281 MINT-7135190 MINT-7135171 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000289473
MAP3K3	Q99759²^,³, ENSP00000354927⁴	MINT-48437 I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000354927
GNB1	P62873²^,³, ENSP00000367872⁴	MINT-7135221 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000367872
HSP90AB1	P08238²^,³	MINT-72645 I2D: score=3

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/21 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 21): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000186	activation of MAPKK activity	IEA	--
GO:0001973	adenosine receptor signaling pathway	IBA	--
GO:0006184	GTP catabolic process	TAS	9637720
GO:0007049	cell cycle	IEA	--
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	9637720

GNAI2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for GNAI2 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
Mastoparan X	G protein activator peptide	[72093-22-2]
Mastoparan	Activates Gi and Go	[72093-21-1]
Pertussis Toxin	Catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of Gi, Go and Gt	[70323-44-3]
Melittin	Inhibits Gs and stimulates Gi activity	[20449-79-0]
NF 023	Selective, competitive P2X antagonist	[104869-31-0]

3 HMDB Compounds for GNAI2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Guanosine diphosphate	5'-GDP (see all 10)	146-91-8	--
Guanosine monophosphate	5'-GMP (see all 14)	85-32-5	--
Guanosine triphosphate	5'-GTP (see all 10)	86-01-1	--

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GNAI2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GNAI2 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001166425.1 NM_002070.2

Unigene Cluster for GNAI2:

Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting activity polypeptide 2

Hs.77269 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AK126708

13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000422163(uc003cyo.1 uc003cyp.1) ENST00000446079 ENST00000491100

ENST00000480090 ENST00000313601(uc003cyq.1 uc011bdn.2) ENST00000441156(uc010hlg.1)

ENST00000440628 ENST00000451956 ENST00000490122(uc003cyr.1) ENST00000468422

ENST00000492383 ENST00000266027 ENST00000536647

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: GNAI2 Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GNAI2
		8/68 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GNAI2 (see all 68):
		hsa-miR-124* hsa-miR-579 hsa-miR-607 hsa-miR-3607-3p hsa-miR-632 hsa-miR-578 hsa-miR-30d hsa-miR-30a

		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GNAI2 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GNAI2 OriGene siRNA: GNAI2
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GNAI2

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 (see first 1) NM_001166425 (human cat#: RC229876) NM_002070 (human cat#: RC204215) NM_008138 (mouse cat#: MR205403) NM_031035 (rat cat#: RR214090) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 (see all 3) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): GNAI2 (NM_002070)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GNAI2
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GNAI2

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GNAI2 Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GNAI2
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAI2
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GNAI2

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF493906.1 AK055574.1 AK096299.1 AK096595.1 AK126708.1 AK131062.1 AK302330.1 AK304473.1

AY555145.1 AY677118.1 BC012138.1 BC014627.2 BC016995.1 CR456783.1 J03004.1 X04828.1

24/42 DOTS entries (see all 42):

DT.100680604 DT.97768608 DT.75112974 DT.99968212 DT.91784324 DT.97860778 DT.100680607 DT.100057602

DT.95357437 DT.97800888 DT.100059846 DT.100862119 DT.91784320 DT.100059845 DT.120873963 DT.100680601

DT.95214674 DT.100648169 DT.100680617 DT.120873971 DT.95185336 DT.120874020 DT.100042317 DT.100859294

24/1325 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 1325):

BQ680845 CR606737 AF493906 BU730850 BI032154 BM663450 BE741703 BQ895963

CD515989 AI066694 BQ009020 BU689061 BM708555 BU153196 AK096595 BQ893578

BQ927770 BE302918 AI654458 BQ899266 BU158574 CA393116 BG165758 BQ676408

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/12 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GNAI2 (see all 12) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	^	2a	·	2b	^	3	^	4a	·	4b	^	5	^	6	^	7a	·	7b	^	8	^	9a	·	9b	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	^	12	^	13	^	14a	·	14b	^	15a	·	15b	·	15c	·	15d	·	15e	·
SP1:					-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-								-														-
SP2:															-		-		-		-						-														-
SP3:					-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-														-
SP4:									-		-		-		-		-		-		-						-														-
SP5:															-		-		-		-		-				-														-

ExUns:	15f
SP1:
SP2:
SP3:
SP4:
SP5:

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GNAI2

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GNAI2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TTTTATGGAA

About this image

GNAI2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells

Tissue

Anatomical Compartment

Cell

Category (developmental path)

Brain

Brain

Diencephalic Ventricular Zone

Neural Tube

Spinal Cord

Presumptive Spinal Cord

Spinal Cord

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See GNAI2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GNAI2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.77269

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GNAI2:

Tight Junctions in human mouse rat

Multiple Sclerosis in human mouse rat

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In Situ
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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for GNAI2 gene from 9/31 species (see all 31) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	GNAI2¹	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha more	87.32(n) 95.21(a)		396367 NM_205402.1 NP_990733.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	GNAI2⁶	--	95(a)	1 ↔ 1	2(148689937-148767736)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.21512²	Xenopus laevis guanine nucleotide-binding protein Gi more	83.72(n)		AF086606.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	wufi21e06²	wufi21e06	82.55(n)		327650 BC049343.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	G-ialpha65A³	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway more	76(a) (best of 3)		--
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	goa-1³	guanine nucleotide-binding protein	68(a) (best of 14)		I(7530272-7533917) --
baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)	Saccharomycetes	GPA1¹	Gpa1p	53.61(n) 48.49(a)		856394 NP_011868.1
thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana)	eudicotyledons	XLG1⁶ XLG2⁶ (see all 4)	extra-large GTP-binding protein 2 (see all 4)	9(a) 8(a) (see all 4)	many ↔ many many ↔ many (see all 4)	2(9995478-9999122) 4(16441179-16445005)
rice (Oryza sativa)	Liliopsida	-- XA7⁶ (see all 5)	G-protein alpha subunit, putative, expressed (see all 5)	9(a) 29(a) (see all 5)	many ↔ many many ↔ many (see all 5)	12(24838937-24843804) 5(15552385-15556024)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GNAI2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GNAI2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for GNAI2 gene

GNAQ² GNA14² GNA11² GNAI3² GNAT2² GNA13² GNAT3² GNAT1²

GNA15² GNA12² GNAZ² GNAI1² GNAO1²

18 SIMAP similar genes for GNAI2 using alignment to 8 protein entries: GNAI2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

GNAI3 GNAI1 GNAT3 GNAT2 DKFZp686O0962 GNAT1

GNAZ GNAO1 GNA11 GNA14 GNAQ GNA12

GNA13 GNAL GNA15 GNAS GSA WUGSC

GNAI2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for GNAI2
PGOHUM00000238547 PGOHUM00000239685

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 3 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs137853226^1,2	C	other	82185941(+)	`GGACCC/G/TGCGTA`	6	R G C	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs149118451^1,2		--	50271665(+)	`GCTAAC/TTTTTT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs144864307^1,2		--	50271714(+)	`GTCTCC/GATCTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138713099^1,2		--	50271743(+)	`GCCTCA/GGCCTC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs140339047^1,2		--	50271778(+)	`GCCACC/TGTGCC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs145401213^1,2		--	50271868(+)	`AACCTC/GCGCCT`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs192402071^1,2		--	50271918(+)	`AGCTGC/GGATTA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs147427338^1,2		--	50271933(+)	`TGCCCA/GCCACC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs148327666^1,2		--	50272075(+)	`CAACCA/GTGCCC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs115409427^1,2	F,	--	50272107(+)	`TCTAAG/AGAAGG`	1	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GNAI2 (50263724 - 50296787 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 5 variations for GNAI2
5 CNVs: 30176 4335 3429 53228 4336
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GNAI2

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

GNAI2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 139360
OMIM disorders: 192605
20/26 diseases for GNAI2 (see all 26):    About MalaCards

ventricular tachycardia, idiopathic ventricular tachycardia high blood pressure functioning pituitary adenoma

olivopontocerebellar atrophy pituitary adenoma noonan syndrome insulin resistance

fainting squamous cell carcinoma adenoma chagas disease

trypanosomiasis toxoplasmosis pertussis pharyngitis

hypertension neuroblastoma schizophrenia adenocarcinoma

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GNAI2 (6 documents)

Export disorders for GNAI2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for GNAI2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 125):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GNAI2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Human Gi protein alpha-subunit: deduction of amino acid structure from a cloned cDNA. (PubMed id 3100330)^{1, 2, 3} Didsbury J.R.... Snyderman R. (1987)
Role of a Galphai2 protein splice variant in the formation of an intracellular dopamine D2 receptor pool. (PubMed id 17550964)^{1, 2} Lopez-Aranda M.F.... Khan Z.U. (2007)
Localization of Gi alpha proteins in the centrosomes and at the midbody: implication for their role in cell division. (PubMed id 17635935)^{1, 2} Cho H. and Kehrl J.H. (2007)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Modulation of G(ialpha(2)) signaling by the axonal guidance molecule UNC5H2. (PubMed id 12359238)^{1, 2} Komatsuzaki K.... Kinane T.B. (2002)
Regional localization of the human G protein alpha i2 (GNAI2) gene: assignment to 3p21 and a related sequence (GNAI2L) to 12p12-p13. (PubMed id 1733849)^{1, 3} Magovcevic I....Morton C.C. (1992)
Presence of three distinct molecular species of Gi protein alpha subunit. Structure of rat cDNAs and human genomic DNAs. (PubMed id 2834384)^{1, 2} Itoh H.... Kaziro Y. (1988)
Cloning and characterization of the human gene for the alpha-subunit of Gi2, a GTP-binding signal transduction protein. (PubMed id 2837412)^{1, 2} Weinstein L.S.... Carter A.D. (1988)
A small multigene family encodes Gi signal-transduction proteins. (PubMed id 3120178)^{1, 2} Beals C.R.... Perlmutter R.M. (1987)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 2771	HGNC: 4385	AceView: GNAI2	Ensembl:ENSG00000114353	euGenes: HUgn2771
ECgene: GNAI2	Kegg: 2771	H-InvDB: GNAI2

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GNAI2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for GNAI2	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

Intellectual Property for GNAI2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for GNAI2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GNAI2

GeneCards and IP:
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