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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GMNN Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 57
GCID: GC06P024779

geminin, DNA replication inhibitor

Explore 25 diseases affiliated with
GMNN via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Geminin, DNA Replication Inhibitor¹ ²
Gem¹ ²
Geminin¹

External Ids:	HGNC: 17493¹	Entrez Gene: 51053²	Ensembl: ENSG00000112312⁷	OMIM: 602842⁵	UniProtKB: O75496³

Export aliases for GMNN gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC06P024832 GC06P024883 GC06P024778 GC06P024725

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GMNN:

This gene encodes a protein that plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation. The encoded protein inhibits DNA

replication by binding to DNA replication factor Cdt1, preventing the incorporation of minichromosome maintenance

proteins into the pre-replication complex. The encoded protein is expressed during the S and G2 phases of the cell

cycle and is degraded by the anaphase-promoting complex during the metaphase-anaphase transition. Increased expression

of this gene may play a role in several malignancies including colon, rectal and breast cancer. Alternatively spliced

transcript variants have been observed for this gene, and two pseudogenes of this gene are located on the short arm of

chromosome 16. (provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GEMI_HUMAN, O75496

Function: Inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of MCM complex into pre-replication complex

(pre-RC). It is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Its destruction at the metaphase-anaphase

transition permits replication in the succeeding cell cycle

Function: Inhibits the transcriptional activity of a subset of Hox proteins, enrolling them in cell proliferative

control

Gene Wiki entry for GMNN (Geminin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000006.11 NC_018917.1 NT_007592.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GMNN gene promoter:
AhR Sox5 p53 FOXD3 HNF-3beta PPAR-gamma1 FOXJ2 (long isoform) Msx-1 PPAR-gamma2 FOXJ2
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GMNN promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GMNN

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GMNN

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 6p22.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 6p22.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 6p21.32

GMNN Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GMNN gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 6 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC06P024779: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	24,775,159 bp from pter	End:	24,786,327 bp from pter
Size:	11,169 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GEMI_HUMAN, O75496 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Geminin

Size: 209 amino acids; 23565 Da

Subunit: Homotetramer. Interacts with CDT1; inhibits binding of the MCM complex to origins of replication, the complex

exists in two forms, a "permissive" heterotrimer and an "inhibitory" heterohexamer. Interacts with IDAS; which targets

GMNN to the nucleus, prevents GMNN interaction with CDT1 and competes with IDAS homodimerization. Interacts with a

subset of Hox proteins, affinity increasing from anterior to posterior types, the strongest interaction being with

HOXB1, HOXC9 and HOXD10

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Mainly cytoplasmic but can be relocalized to the nucleus

Developmental stage: Absent during G1 phase, accumulates during S, G2, and M phases, and disappears at the time of the

metaphase-anaphase transition

Sequence caution: Sequence=CAC21511.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

4 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for GMNN:

1T6F (3D)

1UII (3D)

2LP0 (3D)

2WVR (3D)

Secondary accessions: B3KMM8 Q9H1Z1

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GMNN: NX_O75496

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylation at Ser-184 by CK2 results in enhanced binding to Hox proteins and more potent inhibitory effect on Hox

transcriptional activity¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O75496

GMNN Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (4 alternative transcripts):

NP_001238918.1 NP_001238919.1 NP_001238920.1 NP_056979.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000348902 ENSP00000230056 ENSP00000367293 ENSP00000419584 ENSP00000367298

Reactome Protein details: O75496
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	OriGene Purified Protein: GMNN OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: GMNN OriGene Custom Protein Services for GMNN
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	Novus Biologicals GMNN Proteins Novus Biologicals GMNN Lysate
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GMNN
	Uscn Proteins for GMNN

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	--
GO:0005654	nucleoplasm	TAS	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	--
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--

GMNN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

GMNN Antibody Products:

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	Search for Antibodies for GMNN at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for GMNN
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for GMNN

Assay Products for GMNN:

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	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
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	GenScript Custom Assay Services for GMNN
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GMNN

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GMNN for domains About GeneDecksing

1 InterPro domain/family:

IPR022786 Geminin_fam

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O75496

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O75496

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GEMI_HUMAN, O75496

Similarity: Belongs to the geminin family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GEMI_HUMAN, O75496

Function: Inhibits DNA replication by preventing the incorporation of MCM complex into pre-replication complex

(pre-RC). It is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. Its destruction at the metaphase-anaphase

transition permits replication in the succeeding cell cycle

Function: Inhibits the transcriptional activity of a subset of Hox proteins, enrolling them in cell proliferative

control

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: GMNN Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GMNN
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate GMNN:
		hsa-miR-548c-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GMNN 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GMNN (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GMNN OriGene siRNA: GMNN
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GMNN

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GMNN

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GMNN (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GMNN OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GMNN (NM_015895)
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		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GMNN
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GMNN

Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GMNN
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GMNN

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GMNN

Gene Ontology (GO): 4 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0003714	transcription corepressor activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	--
GO:0042826	histone deacetylase binding	IPI	16924111
GO:0070491	repressing transcription factor binding	IEA	--

GMNN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

2 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for GMNN:

Decreased TP53 protein express

Increased circadian rhythm amp

Animal Models:
Mouse knock-outs for GMNN: Gmnn^tm1.1Kio Gmnn^tm1.2Kio Gmnn^tm1Nyma
11 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 6 alleles) (MGI details for Gmnn):

behavior/neurological	cellular	embryogenesis	hematopoietic system	homeostasis/metabolism
immune system	mortality/aging	nervous system	normal	reproductive system
vision/eye

GMNN for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/8 super-pathways (see all 8) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Ubiquitinated Orc1 is degraded by the proteasome

Ubiquitinated geminin is degraded by the proteasome	0.96	Removal of licensing factors from origins	0.68
CDT1 association with the CDC6:ORC:origin complex	0.84	M/G1 Transition	0.62
Assembly of the pre-replicative complex	0.77	DNA Replication Pre-Initiation	0.62
Regulation of DNA replication	0.68	DNA Replication	0.49

Cell cycle_Start of DNA replication in early S phase

Cell cycle_Start of DNA replication in early S phase

1.00

Cell cycle Start of DNA replication in early S phase

0.98

Cell Cycle

Cell Cycle

1.00

Cell Cycle, Mitotic

0.84

Cell cycle Role of APC in cell cycle regulation

Cell cycle Role of APC in cell cycle regulation

1.00

Cell cycle_Role of APC in cell cycle regulation

0.98

Cell Cycle / Checkpoint Control

Cell Cycle / Checkpoint Control

1.00

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

2 EMD Millipore Pathways for GMNN

	Cell cycle Role of APC in cell cycle regulation
	Cell cycle Start of DNA replication in early S phase

1 Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Pathway for GMNN

Cell Cycle / Checkpoint Control

2 GeneGo (Thomson Reuters) Pathways for GMNN

	Cell cycle Role of APC in cell cycle regulation
	Cell cycle Start of DNA replication in early S phase

1 BioSystems Pathway for GMNN

DNA Replication

5/12 Reactome Pathways for GMNN (see all 12)

	Ubiquitinated geminin is degraded by the proteasome
	DNA Replication
	Removal of licensing factors from origins
	Cell Cycle
	M/G1 Transition

GMNN for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GMNN

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/91 Interacting proteins for GMNN (O75496^{1, 2, 3} ENSP00000230056⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 91)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
CDKN2A	P42771²^,³, ENSP00000355153⁴	MINT-50444 I2D: score=3 STRING: ENSP00000355153
CDT1	Q9H211¹^,²^,³, ENSP00000301019⁴	EBI-371669,EBI-456953 MINT-1955603 MINT-4508837 MINT-50424 MINT-4508819 I2D: score=7 STRING: ENSP00000301019
CDKN1A	P38936²^,³, ENSP00000244741⁴	MINT-50445 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000244741
MCM6	Q14566²^,³, ENSP00000264156⁴	MINT-50443 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000264156
HOXA11	P31270³, ENSP00000006015⁴	I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000006015

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/8 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 8): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000216	M/G1 transition of mitotic cell cycle	TAS	--
GO:0000278	mitotic cell cycle	TAS	--
GO:0006275	regulation of DNA replication	--	--
GO:0006461	protein complex assembly	IEA	--
GO:0008156	negative regulation of DNA replication	IDA	9635433

GMNN for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

GMNN for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for GMNN
1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for GMNN gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
atp	0	5	18798731 (1), 16428461 (1)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GMNN / GEMI

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GMNN gene (4 alternative transcripts):

NM_001251989.1 NM_001251990.1 NM_001251991.1 NM_015895.4

Unigene Cluster for GMNN:

Geminin, DNA replication inhibitor

Hs.234896 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BQ064691

6 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000356509(uc021ymn.1 uc003nem.3) ENST00000230056(uc003nen.3 uc021ymo.1)

ENST00000468943 ENST00000378054 ENST00000476555 ENST00000378059

miRNA Products:		OriGene 3'-UTR Clone: GMNN Browse OriGene MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GMNN
		1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate GMNN:
		hsa-miR-548c-3p
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GMNN 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GMNN (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GMNN OriGene siRNA: GMNN
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GMNN

Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GMNN (see all 3) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GMNN OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GMNN (NM_015895)
		DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GMNN
		Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GMNN

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GMNN Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
		SABiosciences RT² qPCR Primer Assay in human, mouse, rat GMNN
		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GMNN
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GMNN

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF067855.1 AK021685.1 AK222992.1 AK315743.1 BC005185.1 BC005389.1

8 DOTS entries:

DT.40253329 DT.92441296 DT.91666495 DT.92441301 DT.100646958 DT.121402585 DT.95165239 DT.99957264

24/188 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 188):

AK021685 BQ772723 BM669421 BQ575533 CN483029 AA447810 CA503202 AA447662

AA857702 CA442918 CB136099 CR617635 AA614412 AA644444 BM699599 CB129671

CR597438 BF062574 BU629613 AI492385 CD367234 CA417249 AA962521 BC005389

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/8 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GMNN (see all 8) About this scheme

ExUns:	1a	·	1b	·	1c	·	1d	·	1e	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	^	3a	·	3b	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	^	6a	·	6b	^	7	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c	·	8d	·	8e
SP1:									-		-		-		-		-
SP2:											-		-		-		-
SP3:															-		-
SP4:											-		-		-		-						-
SP5:							-		-		-		-		-		-

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GMNN

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GMNN expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: ACTTATGTTT

About this image
See GMNN Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GMNN

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.234896

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for GMNN

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GMNN Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GMNN

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GMNN

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for GMNN gene from 5/15 species (see all 15) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Gmnn^{1 , 5}	geminin^{1, 5}	83.25(n)¹ 79.02(a)¹		13 (10.64 cM)⁵ 57441¹ NM_020567.2¹ NP_065592.1¹ 24751845⁵
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	GMNN¹	geminin, DNA replication inhibitor	66.46(n) 61.01(a)		421004 NM_001031010.1 NP_001026181.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	-- --	--	52(a) 44(a)	many → 1 many → 1	4(30783733-30785070) 4(53912183-53922889)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	Xl.461²	Xenopus laevis geminin H mRNA, complete cds	78.8(n)		AF067856.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	gmnn¹	geminin, DNA replication inhibitor	55.99(n) 48.07(a)		368320 NM_200086.1 NP_956380.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GMNN (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GMNN (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for GMNN gene

MCIN²

GMNN for paralogs About GeneDecksing

2 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for GMNN
PGOHUM00000248741 PGOHUM00000248999

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 6 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs78380726^1,2	C,	--	24722808(+)	`TTGCTG/AAAATT`	3	--	us2k¹		3		WA	122
rs76699591^1,2	C,	--	24722895(+)	`ATTTTA/GTTATT`	3	--	us2k¹		3		WA	122
rs111401577^1,2	C,	--	24722911(+)	`GGTGCG/AGTGGT`	3	--	us2k¹		1		WA	2
rs76800089^1,2	C,	--	24723096(+)	`AGAATT/CGCTTG`	4	--	us2k¹		2		WA	4
rs2754774^1,2		--	24723348(+)	`ccctgC/Tggaag`	4	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs6932270^1,2	C,F,	--	24723463(+)	`ccaggA/Gcagcc`	4	--	us2k¹		1		WA	118
rs62400830^1,2		--	24723464(+)	`CAGGAC/AAGCCC`	4	--	us2k¹		2		NA	122
rs6456634^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	24723571(+)	`TCAAAT/GAAAAT`	4	--	us2k¹ tfbs³		10		NS EA WA	1080
rs73396407^1,2	C,F,	--	24723734(+)	`CAGTCA/GGTGTT`	4	--	us2k¹		4		WA EA	242
rs72837775^1,2		--	24724309(+)	`AAATAC/TATGTC`	4	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GMNN (24775159 - 24786327 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for GMNN
1 CNV: 36499

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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GMNN for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 602842    OMIM disorders: --

20/25 diseases for GMNN (see all 25):    About MalaCards

breast cancer b-cell lymphomas oral squamous cell carcinoma squamous cell carcinoma

cytomegalovirus infection chronic lymphocytic leukemia oligodendroglioma fanconi's anemia

intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma lymphocytic leukemia renal cell carcinoma colon cancer

cholangiocarcinoma acute leukemia anemia hepatocellular carcinoma

ovarian carcinoma carcinoma leukemia pancreatic cancer

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GMNN:

Melanoacanthoma

7 Novoseek disease relationships for GMNN gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
cancer	32.6	25	19487297 (4), 15291814 (2), 15389519 (2), 18508524 (2) (see all 15)
oligodendroglioma	27.6	1	15199392 (1)
tumors	3.68	23	17262828 (3), 15389519 (3), 17947481 (3), 17145831 (2) (see all 12)
colon cancer	0	3	16273206 (2), 14712211 (1)
breast cancer	0	10	15376260 (4), 15389519 (3), 16278669 (2), 16919268 (1)
metastasis	0	1	15376260 (1)
lymphoma	0	1	15682442 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GMNN (6 documents)

Export disorders for GMNN gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for GMNN gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 171):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GMNN)

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Geminin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, is degraded during mitosis. (PubMed id 9635433)^{1, 2, 3, 9} McGarry T.J. and Kirschner M.W. (1998)
Crystal structure of the coiled-coil dimerization motif of geminin: structural and functional insights on DNA replication regulation. (PubMed id 15313623)^{1, 2, 9} Thepaut M.... Padilla A. (2004)
A dimerized coiled-coil domain and an adjoining part of geminin interact with two sites on Cdt1 for replication inhibition. (PubMed id 15260975)^{1, 2, 9} Saxena S.... Dutta A. (2004)
Cdt1 phosphorylation by cyclin A-dependent kinases negatively regulates its function without affecting geminin binding. (PubMed id 14993212)^{1, 2, 9} Sugimoto N.... Fujita M. (2004)
Quaternary structure of the human Cdt1-Geminin comple x regulates DNA replication licensing. (PubMed id 19906994)^{1, 2, 9} De Marco V....Perrakis A. (2009)
Structural basis for homeodomain recognition by the ce ll-cycle regulator Geminin. (PubMed id 22615398)^{1, 2} Zhou B....Zhu G. (2012)
Idas, a novel phylogenetically conserved geminin-related protein, binds to geminin and is required for cell cycle progression. (PubMed id 21543332)^{1, 2} Pefani D.E.... Lygerou Z. (2011)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. (PubMed id 14574404)^{1, 2} Mungall A.J.... Beck S. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 51053	HGNC: 17493	AceView: GMNN	Ensembl:ENSG00000112312	euGenes: HUgn51053
ECgene: GMNN	H-InvDB: GMNN

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GMNN	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for GMNN gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for GMNN gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving GMNN

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

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geminin, DNA replication inhibitor

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