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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GHRH Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC20M035880

growth hormone releasing hormone

(Previous symbol: GHRF)

Explore 102 diseases affiliated with
GHRH via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone¹ ²		Somatocrinin³
GHRF¹ ² ³ ⁵		Somatoliberin¹
Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor² ³		Somatorelin³
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone² ³		Sermorelin³
GRF² ³		Somatocrinin³
INN²		Somatorelin³
Sermorelin³

External Ids:	HGNC: 4265¹	Entrez Gene: 2691²	Ensembl: ENSG00000118702⁷	OMIM: 139190⁵	UniProtKB: P01286³

Export aliases for GHRH gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC20M035608 GC20M036517 GC20M036564 GC20M035312 GC20M032616

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GHRH:

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the glucagon family and is a preproprotein that is produced in the

hypothalamus. The preproprotein is cleaved to form a 44 aa factor, also called somatocrinin, that acts to stimulate

growth hormone release from the pituitary. Variant receptors for somatocrinin have been found in several types of

tumors, and antagonists of these receptors can inhibit the growth of the tumors. Defects in this gene are a cause of

dwarfism, while hypersecretion of the encoded protein is a cause of gigantism. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SLIB_HUMAN, P01286

Function: GRF is released by the hypothalamus and acts on the adenohypophyse to stimulate the secretion of growth

hormone

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000020.10 NC_018931.1 NT_011362.10

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GHRH gene promoter:
c-Fos AP-1 ATF-2 NF-kappaB CREB deltaCREB c-Jun NF-kappaB1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GHRH promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GHRH

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GHRH

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 20q11.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 20q11.23 HGNC cytogenetic band: 20q11.2

GHRH Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GHRH gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 20 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC20M035880: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	35,879,489 bp from pter	End:	35,890,238 bp from pter
Size:	10,750 bases	Orientation:	minus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SLIB_HUMAN, P01286 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Somatoliberin precursor

Size: 108 amino acids; 12447 Da

Subcellular location: Secreted

Secondary accessions: Q4KN10 Q5JYR1

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: P01286-1 P01286-2

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GHRH: NX_P01286

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P01286

GHRH Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001171660.1 NP_066567.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000362716 ENSP00000362713 ENSP00000237527

Reactome Protein details: P01286
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

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	ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GHRH
	Uscn Proteins for GHRH

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	TAS	--
GO:0005615	extracellular space	ISS	--
GO:0043005	neuron projection	--	--
GO:0043195	terminal bouton	ISS	--
GO:0043204	perikaryon	--	--

GHRH for ontologies About GeneDecksing

GHRH Antibody Products:

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Assay Products for GHRH:

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GHRH

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GHRH for domains About GeneDecksing

1 InterPro domain/family:

IPR000532 Glucagon_GIP_secretin_VIP

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01286

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01286

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000532 Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SLIB_HUMAN, P01286

Similarity: Belongs to the glucagon family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SLIB_HUMAN, P01286

Function: GRF is released by the hypothalamus and acts on the adenohypophyse to stimulate the secretion of growth

hormone

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GHRH:

growth hormone releasing factor

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GHRH
		3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GHRH:
		hsa-miR-625 hsa-miR-590-3p hsa-miR-3148
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GHRH 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GHRH (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GHRH OriGene siRNA: GHRH
		QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GHRH

Gene Editing
Products:

DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for GHRH

Clone Products:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from EMD Millipore
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		GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector (see all 2): GHRH (NM_021081)
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Cell Line Products:		GenScript Custom overexpressing Cell Line Services for GHRH
		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GHRH

In Situ Assay
Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GHRH

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0016608	growth hormone-releasing hormone activity	IDA	18329818
GO:0031770	growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor binding	IPI	7680413

GHRH for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Ghrh^tm1Salv for GHRH
     6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Ghrh):

endocrine/exocrine gland	growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	liver/biliary system	nervous system
reproductive system

GHRH for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/16 super-pathways (see all 16) About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts

8/14 pathways (see all 14)
Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts	1.00	ERK5 Signaling	0.61
p53 Mediated Apoptosis	0.84	eIF2 Pathway	0.60
Mitochondrial Apoptosis	0.73	Rac1 Pathway	0.58
Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling	0.72	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A	0.57

GPCR Pathway

GPCR Pathway	1.00	Estrogen Pathway	0.55
Ras Pathway	0.62	Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma	0.55
Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1	0.58	Paxillin Interactions	0.53
NFAT in Immune Response	0.58

Rho Family GTPases

Rho Family GTPases	1.00	MAPK Signaling	0.51
ERK Signaling	0.61	ILK Signaling	0.45
Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer	0.51

TGF-Beta Pathway

	TGF-Beta Pathway	1.00			JAK-STAT Pathway	0.57
	MAPK Family Pathway	0.60			JNK Pathway	0.50

Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency

	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency	1.00			14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling	0.59
	GSK3 Signaling	0.61			eNOS Signaling	0.48

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

5/55 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GHRH (see all 55)

	Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
	Paxillin Interactions
	Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
	Mitochondrial Apoptosis
	Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer

5/7 Reactome Pathways for GHRH (see all 7)

	GPCR downstream signaling
	Glucagon-type ligand receptors
	Signal Transduction
	Signaling by GPCR
	GPCR ligand binding

GHRH for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GHRH

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/66 Interacting proteins for GHRH (P01286^{2, 3} ENSP00000237527⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 66)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
DPP4	P27487²^,³, ENSP00000353731⁴	MINT-8090823 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000353731
FAP	Q12884²^,³, ENSP00000188790⁴	MINT-8090620 I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000188790
GHRHR	Q02643³, ENSP00000320180⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000320180
ADCY1	ENSP00000297323⁴	STRING: ENSP00000297323
ADCY2	ENSP00000342952⁴	STRING: ENSP00000342952

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/19 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 19): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007188	adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	--	--
GO:0007189	adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	ISS	--
GO:0007204	elevation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	--	--
GO:0007267	cell-cell signaling	TAS	6192430
GO:0008284	positive regulation of cell proliferation	IDA	12867592

GHRH for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

GHRH for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for GHRH
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: SLIB_HUMAN, P01286

Pharmaceutical: Available under the names Groliberin (Pharmacia) or Somatrel (Ferring). Also available under the name

Geref (Serono). Geref is a synthetic acetylated form of residues 1 to 29 of GHRH. Used for the treatment of growth

hormone deficiency

10/66 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GHRH gene (see all 66) About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
ghrp	86.4	100	9768668 (7), 11322505 (6), 9053785 (6), 15634714 (5) (see all 15)
hexarelin	83.3	82	8977750 (11), 9186817 (7), 11238504 (6), 8799695 (6) (see all 14)
pyridostigmine	79.1	68	8370132 (5), 11106919 (5), 2220258 (5), 10754475 (4) (see all 18)
leucinamide	70.7	1	1478784 (1)
acipimox	61	5	10848875 (3), 11085190 (1)
arginine	54.7	113	12864804 (5), 8736266 (5), 10754475 (4), 1617799 (4) (see all 36)
adenylate	54.5	36	7962343 (2), 19215372 (2), 8721987 (1), 10698193 (1) (see all 23)
acth	54.4	9	11238504 (1), 1591027 (1), 16832586 (1), 10084578 (1) (see all 8)
clonidine	53.4	59	2087535 (9), 9267532 (4), 2147600 (3), 1543013 (3) (see all 15)
gnrh	53.3	23	1683565 (1), 1425484 (1), 9078497 (1), 1359604 (1) (see all 19)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GHRH / SLIB

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GHRH gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001184731.1 NM_021081.4

Unigene Cluster for GHRH:

Growth hormone releasing hormone

Hs.37023 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BX102214

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000373614(uc021wdc.1 uc002xgr.3 uc002xgt.3 uc002xgs.3)

ENST00000373611 ENST00000237527

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GHRH
		3 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNAs that regulate GHRH:
		hsa-miR-625 hsa-miR-590-3p hsa-miR-3148
		SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: GHRH 3' UTR sequence

Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
		OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GHRH (see all 7) OriGene shRNA RFP: GHRH OriGene siRNA: GHRH
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Clone Products:		OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GHRH (see all 4) OriGene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for GHRH (see all 2) OriGene custom cloning services � gene synthesis, subcloning, mutagenesis, variant library, vector shuttling
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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GHRH

Additional cDNA sequence:

BC098109.1 BC098161.1 BC099727.1

1 DOTS entry:

DT.404432

7 AceView cDNA sequences:

AW134884 NM_021081 AI631051 BX102214 BE219117 BE348700 X00094

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GHRH expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: TGGGCAGAAC

About this image

GHRH expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Pancreatic endoderm/endocrine precursor-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See GHRH Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GHRH

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.37023

SABiosciences Custom PCR Arrays for GHRH

Primer Products:		OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs in human, mouse, rat for GHRH Browse OriGene validated miRNA SYBR primer pairs
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		QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GHRH
		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GHRH

In Situ
Assay Products:

Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GHRH

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

Orthologs for GHRH gene from 2/6 species (see all 6) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
mouse (Mus musculus)	Mammalia	Ghrh^{1 , 5}	growth hormone releasing hormone^{1, 5}	76.56(n)¹ 65.93(a)¹		2 (78.25 cM)⁵ 14601¹ NM_010285.2¹ NP_034415.1¹ 157329497⁵
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	ghrh⁶	growth hormone releasing hormone	33(a)	1 ↔ 1	11(15707808-15797645)

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GHRH (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GHRH (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 20 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs188824655^1,2		--	35879006(+)	`GGAGGC/TGGAGG`	2	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs143248285^1,2		--	35879069(+)	`AAACTC/GTGTCT`	2	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs78253035^1,2	F,	--	35879227(+)	`CCAGCG/ACTCTC`	2	--	ds500¹		1		WA	118
rs146858650^1,2		--	35879240(+)	`TTGCAC/TGGTGT`	2	--	ds500¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs6104263^1,2	C,F,A,H,	--	35879350(+)	`GAGATC/TCTATG`	2	--	ds500¹		17		NS EA NA EU CSAM WA	2191
rs6017640^1,2	H,	--	35879353(+)	`ATCCTA/C/GTGCAT`	2	--	ds500¹		4		NS EA	404
rs4988491^1,2	C,F,H,	--	35879404(+)	`AGCTTT/CAAAAA`	2	--	ds500¹		19		NA EU CSAM EA NS WA	2148
rs6104264^1,2	C,H,	--	35879422(+)	`ACCTCG/ATAATA`	2	--	ds500¹		10		NS EA NA EU CSAM WA	900
rs6104267^1,2	C,H	--	35879609(+)	`CAGGAG/AGAATC`	2	--	ut3¹ ese³		6		NS EA NA	422
rs199881374^1,2	C,	--	35879679(+)	`GTAAGG/TGTGGC`	2	--	int¹		1		EU	1313

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GHRH (35879489 - 35890238 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for GHRH: --
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GHRH

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GHRH

DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GHRH

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

GHRH for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 139190    OMIM disorders: --

20/102 diseases for GHRH (see all 102):    About MalaCards

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes isolated growth hormone deficiency due to defect in ghrf zollinger-ellison syndrome gigantism

gigantism due to ghrf hypersecretion dwarfism isolated growth hormone deficiency growth hormone deficiency

recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa 21-hydroxylase deficiency adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency epidermolysis bullosa

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy multiple endocrine neoplasia prader-willi syndrome lactic acidosis

islet cell tumor short stature polycystic ovary syndrome central neurocytoma

1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GHRH:

Acromegaly

10/63 Novoseek disease relationships for GHRH gene (see all 63) About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
acromegaly	71.3	26	10483668 (5), 1683501 (2), 19017754 (2), 16968791 (2) (see all 12)
growth hormone deficiency	65.2	11	18031173 (5), 12864804 (1), 12536371 (1), 9924487 (1) (see all 5)
pituitary adenoma	60.1	12	1350590 (3), 1683501 (2), 9392350 (1), 1923952 (1) (see all 8)
hypopituitarism	57.5	1	11676163 (1)
dwarfism	55.1	4	2239085 (1), 9002989 (1), 10084578 (1), 1296432 (1)
short stature	52.6	1	9467553 (1)
vipoma	50.6	3	10436815 (1), 11445245 (1)
adenoma	43.9	23	7745020 (5), 1350590 (3), 1363983 (2), 9109848 (2) (see all 8)
pituitary tumors	43.9	2	9392350 (1), 7911814 (1)
hypothyroidism primary	41.6	4	8961133 (2), 9156038 (1)

Genetic Association Database (GAD): GHRH
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GHRH (17 documents)

Export disorders for GHRH gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
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PubMed articles for GHRH gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 527):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GHRH)

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Gene encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor precursor: structure, sequence, and chromosomal assignment. (PubMed id 3918305)^{1, 2, 3} Mayo K.E....Evans R.M. (1985)
Genetic variation in the growth hormone synthesis pathway in relation to circulating insulin-like growth factor-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and breast cancer risk: results from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study. (PubMed id 16214911)^{1, 4, 9} Canzian F....Kaaks R. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. (PubMed id 11780052)^{1, 2} Deloukas P....Rogers J. (2001)
Solution conformations of human growth hormone releasing factor: comparison of the restrained molecular dynamics and distance geometry methods for a system without long-range distance data. (PubMed id 2854259)^{1, 2} Bruenger A.T.... Karplus M. (1987)
Solution structure of human growth hormone releasing factor. Combined use of circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (PubMed id 3029387)^{1, 2} Clore G.M.... Gronenborn A.M. (1986)
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the precursor of human growth hormone-releasing factor, somatocrinin. (PubMed id 6192430)^{1, 2} Gubler U.... Gage L.P. (1983)
Expression-cloning and sequence of a cDNA encoding human growth hormone-releasing factor. (PubMed id 6415488)^{1, 2} Mayo K.E.... Evans R.M. (1983)
Growth hormone-releasing factor from a human pancreatic tumor that caused acromegaly. (PubMed id 6812220)^{1, 2} Guillemin R....Wehrenberg W.B. (1982)
Immunohistochemical detection of GHRH and its receptor splice variant 1 in primary human breast cancers. (PubMed id 15362970)^{1, 9} Chatzistamou I....Koutselini H. (2004)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
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Free Text

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 2691	HGNC: 4265	AceView: GHRH	Ensembl:ENSG00000118702	euGenes: HUgn2691
ECgene: GHRH	H-InvDB: GHRH

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GHRH	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for GHRH	Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_hormone_releasing_hormone

Intellectual Property for GHRH gene
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growth hormone releasing hormone

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