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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GDF9 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 59
GCID: GC05M132196

growth differentiation factor 9
 Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
GDF9 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GDF9    

Aliases
for GDF9 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Growth Differentiation Factor 91 2
GDF-92 3
Growth/Differentiation Factor 92

External Ids:    HGNC: 42241   Entrez Gene: 26612   Ensembl: ENSG000001644047   OMIM: 6019185   UniProtKB: O603833   

Export aliases for GDF9 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC05M131719 GC05M132644 GC05M132228 GC05M132273 GC05M132225 GC05M132224 GC05M127389


Summaries
for GDF9 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for GDF9:
Growth factors synthesized by ovarian somatic cells directly affect oocyte growth and function. Growth differentiation
factor-9 (GDF9) is expressed in oocytes and is thought to be required for ovarian folliculogenesis. GDF9 is a member
of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF9_HUMAN, O60383
Function: Required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Promotes primordial follicle development. Stimulates granulosa cell
proliferation. Promotes cell transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, through an increase of CCND1 and CCNE1
expression, and RB1 phosphorylation. It regulates STAR expression and cAMP-dependent progesterone release in granulosa
and thecal cells. Attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on STAR expression and progesterone production by
increasing the expression of inhibin B. It suppresses FST and FSTL3 production in granulosa-lutein cells

Gene Wiki entry for GDF9 (Growth differentiation factor-9)


Genomic Views
for GDF9 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000005.9  NC_018916.1  NT_034772.6  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GDF9 gene promoter:
         E2F-4   E2F-3a   E2F-5   E2F-1   E2F   Brachyury   ARP-1   E2F-2   Nkx2-5   YY1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GDF9 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GDF9

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GDF9


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 5q31.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  5q31.1   HGNC cytogenetic band: 5q31.1

GDF9 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GDF9 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 5         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC05M132196:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 132,196,873 bp from pter      End:
 132,202,576 bp from pter
Size:
 5,704 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for GDF9 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF9_HUMAN, O60383 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Growth/differentiation factor 9 precursor  
Size: 454 amino acids; 51444 Da
Subunit: Homodimer or heterodimer (Potential). But, in contrast to other members of this family, cannot be
disulfide-linked (By similarity)
Subcellular location: Secreted (By similarity)
Miscellaneous: Ovarian physiology and fertility are controlled by endocrine and paracrine signals. These act in a
species-dependent manner and determine the ovulation quota in different mammalian species. While humans, and mammals
such as the cow or red deer, normally ovulate only one egg per cycle, other mammals such as mouse and pig can ovulate
in excess of ten per cycle. The mechanisms that regulate the species-specific differences in the number of follicles
that go onto ovulate during each reproductive cycle are poorly understood. According to PubMed:21970812, mRNA
expression levels of GDF9 and BMP15 are tightly co-regulated within each species and influence species-specific
ovulation-rates
Secondary accessions: Q4VAW5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GDF9: NX_O60383

Post-translational modifications:

  • Phosphorylated; phosphorylation is critical for GDF9 function. In vitro, can be phosphorylated by CK at Ser-3251
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O60383

    • GDF9 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_005251.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000367942   ENSP00000296875  

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    Novus Biologicals GDF9 Proteins
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    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
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    Uscn Proteins for GDF9

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005615extracellular space IEA--


    GDF9 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GDF9

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for GDF9 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    GDF9 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR015615 TGF-beta-rel
     IPR015617 Growth_differentiation_fac-9
     IPR001839 TGF-b_C
     IPR017948 TGFb_CS

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O60383

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: O60383

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB001839 Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb)
    IPB002405 Inhibin alpha chain signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF9_HUMAN, O60383
    Similarity: Belongs to the TGF-beta family


    Function
    for GDF9 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF9_HUMAN, O60383
    Function: Required for ovarian folliculogenesis. Promotes primordial follicle development. Stimulates granulosa cell
    proliferation. Promotes cell transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, through an increase of CCND1 and CCNE1
    expression, and RB1 phosphorylation. It regulates STAR expression and cAMP-dependent progesterone release in granulosa
    and thecal cells. Attenuates the suppressive effects of activin A on STAR expression and progesterone production by
    increasing the expression of inhibin B. It suppresses FST and FSTL3 production in granulosa-lutein cells

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for GDF9:
    growth/differentiation factor 9,secreted member of TGFB superfamily,expressed only in ovary (in oocyte at the type 3a
    primary follicle stage),involved in normal ovulation,fertilization and female reproduction

         Summary:  
    During embryonic development, GDF9 as signaling molecule
    affects the following cells: Cumulus Cells in Antral Follicle

    miRNA
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Gene Editing
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    In Situ Assay
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005125cytokine activity IEA--
    GO:0008083growth factor activity IEA--


    GDF9 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Gdf9tm1Zuk for GDF9
         3 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Gdf9):
     endocrine/exocrine gland  homeostasis/metabolism  reproductive system 

    GDF9 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for GDF9 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/13 super-pathways (see all 13) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts
    8/14 pathways (see all 14)
    		Apoptotic Pathways in Synovial Fibroblasts1.00
    		ERK5 Signaling0.61
    		p53 Mediated Apoptosis0.84
    		eIF2 Pathway0.60
    		Mitochondrial Apoptosis0.73
    		Rac1 Pathway0.58
    		Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling0.72
    		Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A0.57
    2GPCR Pathway
    		GPCR Pathway1.00
    		Estrogen Pathway0.55
    		Ras Pathway0.62
    		Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma0.55
    		Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin10.58
    		Paxillin Interactions0.53
    		NFAT in Immune Response0.58
    3Rho Family GTPases
    		Rho Family GTPases1.00
    		MAPK Signaling0.51
    		ERK Signaling0.61
    		ILK Signaling0.45
    		Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer0.51
    4TGF-Beta Pathway
    		TGF-Beta Pathway1.00
    		JAK-STAT Pathway0.57
    		MAPK Family Pathway0.60
    		JNK Pathway0.50
    5Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency
    		Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency1.00
    		14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling0.59
    		GSK3 Signaling0.61
    		eNOS Signaling0.48

    5/54 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for GDF9 (see all 54)
        Nuclear Receptor Activation by Vitamin-A
    Paxillin Interactions
    Telomerase Components in Cell Signaling
    Mitochondrial Apoptosis
    Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer

    1 BioSystems Pathway for GDF9 
        Ovarian Infertility Genes


    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GDF9

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 13)

    5/58 Interacting proteins for GDF9 (O603832, 3 ENSP000002968754) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 58)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    SMN1Q166372, 3MINT-8271179 MINT-64288 I2D: score=5 
    SMN2Q166372, 3MINT-8271179 MINT-64288 I2D: score=5 
    TK1P041832, 3MINT-8273477 MINT-63363 I2D: score=5 
    GADD45GO952572, 3, ENSP000002525064MINT-3979120 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000252506
    TDGF1P133852, 3, ENSP000002961454MINT-63464 I2D: score=4 STRING: ENSP00000296145
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001555oocyte growth IEA--
    GO:0007179transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway TAS7760846
    GO:0007292female gamete generation TAS8849725
    GO:0008284positive regulation of cell proliferation IDA19366876
    GO:0030308negative regulation of cell growth IEA--


    GDF9 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for GDF9 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    GDF9 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for GDF9
    3 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GDF9 gene    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    ribonucleic acid 34.6 1 10443672 (1)
    threonine 15 2 16603567 (1), 17482612 (1)
    cysteine 0 1 8429021 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GDF9 

    Transcripts
    for GDF9 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for GDF9 gene: 
    NM_005260.3  

    Unigene Cluster for GDF9:

    Growth differentiation factor 9
    Hs.25022  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_005260
    4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000378673(uc011cxj.1) ENST00000464378 ENST00000472320 ENST00000296875(uc003kxz.1)


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    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene shRNA RFP: GDF9
    OriGene siRNA: GDF9
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GDF9
    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AK301962.1 AK315973.1 BC096228.3 BC096229.3 BC096230.3 BC096231.1 

    4 DOTS entries:

    DT.202854  DT.100644535  DT.100645786  DT.120856103 

    5 AceView cDNA sequences:

    NM_005260 AW770109 BF886517 CA488820 AA604716 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for GDF9 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GDF9 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TGTACCTGCC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    GDF9 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    3 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    OvaryAntral FollicleSecondary OocyteFemale Gametocytes, Germ Cells
    OvaryPrimary FolliclePrimary OocyteFemale Gametocytes, Germ Cells
    OvaryAntral FollicleSecondary OocyteFemale Gametocytes, Germ Cells
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 8 LifeMap Cells 
    NameCategory
    Ovarian tissue-dissociated cells (Primary Cell)Reproductive System
    Ovarian tissue-dissociated cells (human) (Primary Cell)Ovary, Reproductive System
    Secondary follicles (Primary Cell)Ovary, Reproductive System
    Human oogonial stem cells (Oocyte formation by ...)
    Oocytes (Oocyte formation by ...)
    Oocytes (Oocyte formation by ...)
    Human oogonial stem cells (Oocyte formation by ...)
    Mature follicles (In-vitro growth and ...)

    See GDF9 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GDF9

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.25022

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF9_HUMAN, O60383
    Tissue specificity: Expressed in ovarian granulosa cells. Present in oocytes of primary follicles (at protein level)

        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GDF9: 
              Common Cytokines in human mouse rat
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for GDF9 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for GDF9 gene from 5/11 species (see all 11)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Gdf91 , 5 growth differentiation factor 91, 5 77.8(n)1
    74.09(a)1    		   11 (31.94 cM)5
    145661  NM_008110.21  NP_032136.21 
     534310235 
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves GDF91 growth differentiation factor 9 63.46(n)
    60.55(a)    		   404533  NM_206988.2  NP_996871.2 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia GDF96
    		 --
    		 55(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 2(127308701-127312143)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia BJ031932.12   -- 75.94(n)    BJ031932.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii gdf91 growth differentiation factor 9 52.78(n)
    46.88(a)    		   497643  NM_001012383.1  NP_001012383.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GDF9 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GDF9 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for GDF9 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for GDF9 gene
    NODAL2  GDF152  BMP152  

    GDF9 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for GDF9 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/133 NCBI SNPs in GDF9 are shown (see all 133)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 5 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs104912801,2
    		C,F,H,--132196383(-) ATTTAT/GAACTG 1 -- ds500126Minor allele frequency- G:0.18NS NA EA WA CSA 2452
    rs1825466021,2
    		--132196389(+) TAAATA/CTATCT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1381027311,2
    		--132196508(+) ATATAG/TAAAGA 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1495447831,2
    		--132196638(+) TGCTAC/GTTAAC 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs175166731,2
    		C,F,H,--132196711(+) GCTCTC/TTAGTC 1 -- ds500120Minor allele frequency- T:0.09NA NS EA WA 2358
    rs596825921,2
    		C,F,--132196800(+) ATGGCC/TAGCTT 1 -- ds50014Minor allele frequency- T:0.15WA NA EA 244
    rs1880638701,2
    		--132196868(+) ACACAA/CAAAAT 1 -- ds50010--------
    rs1926422311,2
    		--132196904(+) TTCTAA/TTAAGA 1 -- ut310--------
    rs1441169221,2
    		--132197185(+) ACATTC/TAGAGA 1 -- ut310--------
    rs1486831201,2
    		C,--132197237(+) ACAGTA/CGTTAC 1 -- ut310--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GDF9 (132196873 - 132202576 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
          Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) variations for GDF9: --
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GDF9

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    Disorders / Diseases
    for GDF9 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    GDF9 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 601918    OMIM disorders: --

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF9_HUMAN, O60383
  • Note=Altered GDF9 function may be involved in ovarian disorders. Rare variants in GDF9 have been found in
    • patients with premature ovarian failure and mothers of dizygotic twins

    15 diseases for GDF9:    About MalaCards
    polycystic ovary syndrome    gonadal dysgenesis    premature ovarian failure    galactosemia
    infertility    huntington's disease    hepatitis b    twinning
    endometriosis    prostate cancer    breast cancer    hepatitis
    prostatitis    adenocarcinoma    pancreatitis

    7 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GDF9:
    Premature ovarian failure     Infertility     Blepharophimosis     Ovarian dysfunction
    Polycystic ovary syndrome     Amenorrhea     Galactosemia

    5 Novoseek disease relationships for GDF9 gene    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    ovarian failure premature 83.6 6 11056243 (2), 19438907 (1), 17027369 (1), 17482612 (1) (see all 5)
    ovarian dysfunction 67.2 1 15509699 (1)
    atresia 56.5 7 16740654 (2), 19589134 (1), 11788667 (1)
    polycystic ovary syndrome 50.9 7 19376510 (2), 11056243 (2), 15531477 (1), 11889206 (1)
    infertility 39.5 5 11604237 (1), 18162287 (1), 15607004 (1), 15509699 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): GDF9
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GDF9 (11 documents)

    Export disorders for GDF9 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for GDF9 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GDF9 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 113):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GDF9)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Mutational screening of the coding region of growth differentiation factor 9 gene in Indian women with ovarian failure. (PubMed id 16278619)1, 2, 4, 9 Dixit H.... Singh L. (2005)
    2. Human growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) and its novel homolog GDF-9B are expressed in oocytes during early folliculogenesis. (PubMed id 10443672)1, 2, 9 Aaltonen J.... Ritvos O. (1999)
    3. Oocyte-specific expression of growth/differentiation factor-9. (PubMed id 7760846)1, 3, 9 McGrath S.A....Lee S.J. (1995)
    4. Effects of growth differentiation factor 9 on cell cycle regulators and ERK42/44 in human granulosa cell proliferation. (PubMed id 19366876)1, 2, 9 Huang Q....Leung P.C. (2009)
    5. Growth differentiating factor-9 mutations may be associated with premature ovarian failure. (PubMed id 17156781)1, 2, 9 Kovanci E....Carson S.A. (2007)
    6. Analyses of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) an d bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) mutation in Chinese women with prematur e ovarian failure. (PubMed id 19438907)1, 2, 9 Wang B....Ma X. (2010)
    7. Phosphorylation of bone morphogenetic protein-15 and growth and differentiation factor-9 plays a critical role in determining agonistic or antagonistic functions. (PubMed id 18006624)1, 2, 9 McMahon H.E....Shimasaki S. (2008)
    8. Analyses of GDF9 mutation in 100 Chinese women with premature ovarian failure. (PubMed id 17482612)1, 2, 9 Zhao H....Rajkovic A. (2007)
    9. Novel variants in growth differentiation factor 9 in mothers of dizygotic twins. (PubMed id 16954162)1, 2, 9 Palmer J.S....Montgomery G.W. (2006)
    10. Golgi apparatus casein kinase phosphorylates bioactiv e Ser-6 of bone morphogenetic protein 15 and growth and differentiation factor 9. (PubMed id 20067794)1, 2, 9 Tibaldi E....Pinna L.A. (2010)

    External Searches for GDF9 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
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    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing GDF9 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 2661 HGNC: 4224 AceView: GDF9 Ensembl:ENSG00000164404 euGenes: HUgn2661
    ECgene: GDF9 H-InvDB: GDF9

    Other Databases showing GDF9 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing GDF9 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for GDF9 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for GDF9 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for GDF9 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for GDF9 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving GDF9

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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