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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

GDF3 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 56
GCID: GC12M007842

growth differentiation factor 3
 Explore 17 diseases affiliated with
GDF3 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for GDF3    

Aliases
for GDF3 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Growth Differentiation Factor 31 2
GDF-32 3
KFS32 5
MCOP72 5
MCOPCB62 5
Growth/Differentiation Factor 32

External Ids:    HGNC: 42181   Entrez Gene: 95732   Ensembl: ENSG000001843447   OMIM: 6065225   UniProtKB: Q9NR233   

Export aliases for GDF3 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC12P007400 GC12M007892 GC12M007742 GC12M007733 GC12M007656


Summaries
for GDF3 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for GDF3:
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and the TGF-beta
superfamily. This group of proteins is characterized by a polybasic proteolytic processing site which is cleaved to
produce a mature protein containing seven conserved cysteine residues. The members of this family are regulators of
cell growth and differentiation in both embryonic and adult tissues. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

Gene Wiki entry for GDF3


Genomic Views
for GDF3 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000012.11  NC_018923.1  NT_009714.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GDF3 gene promoter:
         HOXA3   SREBP-1c   POU3F2 (N-Oct-5a)   POU3F2 (N-Oct-5b)   AP-4   LUN-1   LCR-F1   SREBP-1b   SREBP-1a   En-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GDF3 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GDF3

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GDF3


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12p13.1   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  12p13.31   HGNC cytogenetic band: 12p13.1

GDF3 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GDF3 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 12         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12M007842:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 7,842,378 bp from pter      End:
 7,848,372 bp from pter
Size:
 5,995 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for GDF3 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF3_HUMAN, Q9NR23 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Growth/differentiation factor 3 precursor  
Size: 364 amino acids; 41387 Da
Subunit: Homodimer or heterodimer (Potential). But, in contrast to other members of this family, cannot be
disulfide-linked
Subcellular location: Secreted (Probable)
Secondary accessions: Q8NEJ4

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GDF3: NX_Q9NR23

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9NR23

    • GDF3 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_065685.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000331745  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Novus Biologicals GDF3 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals GDF3 Lysates
    Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for GDF3
    Uscn Proteins for GDF3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 cellular component term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005615extracellular space IEA--


    GDF3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GDF3

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for GDF3 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    GDF3 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    5 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR001111 TGF-b_N
     IPR015615 TGF-beta-rel
     IPR002405 Inhibin_asu
     IPR001839 TGF-b_C
     IPR017948 TGFb_CS

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9NR23

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9NR23

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB001839 Transforming growth factor beta (TGFb)
    IPB002400 Growth factor cystine knot superfamily signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF3_HUMAN, Q9NR23
    Similarity: Belongs to the TGF-beta family


    Function
    for GDF3 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:
         Genatlas biochemistry entry for GDF3:
    growth differentiation factor 3,TGF beta superfamily member,expressed in human embryonal carcinoma cell lines in a stem
    cell-specific fashion

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GDF3
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    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GDF3 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GDF3
    OriGene siRNA: GDF3
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GDF3

    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GDF3 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GDF3

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GDF3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 3 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005125cytokine activity IEA--
    GO:0005515protein binding ----
    GO:0008083growth factor activity IEA--


    GDF3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Gdf3tm1Zuk for GDF3
         6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Gdf3):
     adipose tissue  embryogenesis  growth/size  homeostasis/metabolism  mortality/aging 
     normal 

    GDF3 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for GDF3 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for GDF3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/12 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 12):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001501skeletal system development IMP19864492
    GO:0001654eye development IMP19864492
    GO:0001701in utero embryonic development IEA--
    GO:0002021response to dietary excess IEA--
    GO:0007165signal transduction IEA--


    GDF3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for GDF3 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for GDF3
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GDF3 

    Transcripts
    for GDF3 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for GDF3 gene: 
    NM_020634.1  

    Unigene Cluster for GDF3:

    Growth differentiation factor 3
    Hs.86232  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BC030959
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000329913(uc001qte.3)

    miRNA
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    Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:             		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for GDF3 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: GDF3
    OriGene siRNA: GDF3
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat GDF3
    Clone
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    GenScript: all cDNA clones in your preferred vector: GDF3 (NM_020634)
    DNA2.0 Custom Codon Optimized Gene Synthesis Service for GDF3
    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat GDF3 
    Primer
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      QIAGEN QuantiTect SYBR Green Assays in human, mouse, rat GDF3
      QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GDF3

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AF110641.1 AF263538.1 AY358875.1 BC030959.1 

    2 DOTS entries:

    DT.310451  DT.75102159 

    24/36 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 36):

    AI652879 AY358875 AI962654 BF056259 AA902285 NM_020634 AF263538 AA902779 
    AA926805 AI655507 BC030959 AW025944 AW590671 AA737950 AW274953 BE466237 
    BG432736 AF110641 AW003483 AW236102 AA906740 BF772164 AA206112 BE046991 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for GDF3 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    GDF3 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: GAGAGTGTCC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    GDF3 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    EpiblastEpiblastEpiblast CellsEarly Embryo
    EpiblastEpiblastIntraembryonic Epiblast CellsEarly Embryo
    PancreasDorsal Pancreatic BudImmature Beta Progenitor CellsPancreas
    PancreasVentral Pancreatic BudImmature Beta Progenitor CellsPancreas
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 10/17 LifeMap Cells (see all 17) 
    NameCategory
    Induced pluripotent stem cell line 201B6 (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Fibroblast
    VUB02 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    VUB03_DM1 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    VUB04_CF (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    VUB07 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    VUB09_FSHD (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    Induced pluripotent stem cell line 253G1 (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Fibroblast
    Induced pluripotent stem cell line hIPS1 (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Fibroblast
    Induced pluripotent stem cell line hIPS2 (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Fibroblast
    FES22 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass

    See GDF3 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for GDF3

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.86232
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GDF3: 
              Cell Lineage Identification in human mouse rat
              TGFB/BMP Signaling Pathway in human mouse rat
              Embryonic Stem Cells in human mouse rat
              Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity 384HT in human mouse rat
              Stem Cells in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GDF3

    Orthologs
    for GDF3 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of chordates.

    Orthologs for GDF3 gene from 3/12 species (see all 12)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves GDF31 growth differentiation factor 3 58.62(n)
    48.85(a)    		   396132  NM_205211.1  NP_990542.1 
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia gdf3-A-prov2 derriere (posterior determination, TGFb family member) 77.91(n)    AF065135.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii NM_130948.12   -- 73.4(n)   30125  NM_130948.1 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GDF3 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for GDF3 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for GDF3 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for GDF3 gene
    GDF52  BMP52  GDF62  BMP8B2  BMP42  GDF72  GDF22  BMP22  
    BMP102  BMP32  BMP72  GDF102  GDF12  BMP8A2  BMP62  
    3 SIMAP similar genes for GDF3 using alignment to 1 protein entry:     GDF3_HUMAN:
    GDF3A    GDF1    BMP2

    GDF3 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for GDF3 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/176 NCBI SNPs in GDF3 are shown (see all 176)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 12 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1127910021,2
    		C,--7657934(+) GAGGGT/GGCACG 1 -- int12Minor allele frequency- G:0.04CSA WA 120
    rs571358301,2
    		C,--7658076(+) AAATCG/ATAGGT 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 2
    rs1115678171,2
    		--7658237(+) AAACCC/TCATCT 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50CSA 2
    rs586944731,2
    		--7658473(+) TGGGAG/TGCCGA 1 -- int10--------
    rs71373621,2
    		C,A,--7658575(+) ggtggA/Cgggtg 1 -- int10--------
    rs72960161,2
    		C,A,--7658579(+) gagggT/Cgcctg 1 -- int13Minor allele frequency- C:0.17NA WA 6
    rs123052781,2
    		--7658652(+) cagtgG/Agccaa 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.00CSA 1
    rs72963891,2
    		C,--7659465(+) tcccaG/Aagtgt 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 2
    rs557145971,2
    		C,--7661162(+) TCCCAG/ACTACT 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 2
    rs732650641,2
    		C,F,--7661253(+) CCTGGG/AGGACA 1 -- int12Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 4

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GDF3 (7842378 - 7848372 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 5 variations for GDF3
         5 CNVs: 5306 5298 5303 5305 5301
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): GDF3

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing GDF3
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for GDF3

    Disorders / Diseases
    for GDF3 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    GDF3 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 606522   
    OMIM disorders: 613702  613703  613704  
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GDF3_HUMAN, Q9NR23
  • Defects in GDF3 are the cause of Klippel-Feil syndrome type 3 (KFS3) [MIM:613702]; also called Klippel-Feil
    • syndrome autosomal dominant 3. KFS3 is a skeletal disorder characterized by congenital fusion of cervical vertebrae.
    It is due to a failure in the normal segmentation of vertebrae during the early weeks of fetal development. The
    clinical triad consists of short neck, low posterior hairline, and limited neck movement
  • Defects in GDF3 are the cause of microphthalmia isolated with coloboma type 6 (MCOPCB6) [MIM:613703]; also
    • called isolated colobomatous microphthalmia 6. MCOPCB6 is a disorder of eye formation, ranging from small size of a
    single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and
    lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, cataract and other abnormalities like cataract may also be present. Ocular
    colobomas are a set of malformations resulting from abnormal morphogenesis of the optic cup and stalk, and the fusion
    of the fetal fissure (optic fissure)
  • Defects in GDF3 are a cause of microphthalmia isolated type 7 (MCOP7) [MIM:613704]. MCOP7 is a disorder of eye
    • formation, ranging from small size of a single eye to complete bilateral absence of ocular tissues. Ocular
    abnormalities like opacities of the cornea and lens, scaring of the retina and choroid, cataract and other
    abnormalities like cataract may also be present

    17 diseases for GDF3:    About MalaCards
    klippel-feil syndrome 3, autosomal dominant    klippel-feil syndrome    microphthalmia, isolated 7    hypoplastic left heart syndrome
    microphthalmia with coloboma 6    microphthalmia    coloboma    germ cell tumor
    embryonal carcinoma    teratocarcinoma    seminoma    hepatitis b
    choroiditis    obesity    hepatitis    cerebritis
    carcinoma

    2 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for GDF3:
    Klippel-Feil syndrome     Embryonal carcinoma
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GDF3 (3 documents)

    Export disorders for GDF3 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for GDF3 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for GDF3 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 24):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GDF3)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Human growth-differentiation factor 3 (hGDF3): developmental regulation in human teratocarcinoma cell lines and expression in primary testicular germ cell tumours. (PubMed id 9467948)1, 3, 9 Caricasole A.A....van den Eijnden-van Raaij A.J. (1998)
    2. Mutation of the bone morphogenetic protein GDF3 cause s ocular and skeletal anomalies. (PubMed id 19864492)1, 2, 9 Ye M....Lehmann O.J. (2010)
    3. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    4. The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. (PubMed id 12975309)1, 2 Clark H.F.... Gray A.M. (2003)
    5. Expression pattern of growth/differentiation factor 3 in human and murine cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as cerebellum. (PubMed id 16126341)1, 9 Hexige S....Yu L. (2005)
    6. Testicular mixed germ cell tumors: a morphological an d immunohistochemical study using stem cell markers, OCT3/4, SOX2 and GDF3, wit h emphasis on morphologically difficult-to-classify areas. (PubMed id 19396148)1, 9 Gopalan A....Tickoo S.K. (2009)
    7. GDF-3 and GDF-9: two new members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily containing a novel pattern of cysteines. (PubMed id 8429021)1, 9 McPherron A.C. and Lee S.J. (1993)
    8. GDF3 inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells and pr omotes the apoptosis induced by Taxol. (PubMed id 22488170)1 Li Q....Yu L. (2012)
    9. Growth differentiation factor 3 is induced by bone mor phogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and BMP-7 and increases luteinizing hormone recepto r messenger RNA expression in human granulosa cells. (PubMed id 22305102)1 Shi J....Taketani Y. (2012)
    10. The conditioned medium from a stable human GDF3-expres sing CHO cell line, induces the differentiation of PC12 cells. (PubMed id 21805089)1 Li Q....Yu L. (2012)

    External Searches for GDF3 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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    Genome Databases showing GDF3 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 9573 HGNC: 4218 AceView: GDF3 Ensembl:ENSG00000184344 euGenes: HUgn9573
    ECgene: GDF3 H-InvDB: GDF3

    Other Databases showing GDF3 gene

    (According to HUGE)
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    Specialized Databases showing GDF3 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for GDF3 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for GDF3 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF3

    Intellectual Property
    for GDF3 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
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    		Patent Information for GDF3 gene:
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