V3 here soon-try beta now


Gene Search (GeneCards Home)	\|	GeneCards Guide	\|	User Feedback	\|	Terms of Use	\|	Notice about third-party sites

GCG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 63

GC02M162707

glucagon
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
GLP1 ^¹, ²
GLP2 ^¹, ²
GRPP ^¹, ²
glucagon ^²

Descriptions
glicentin-related polypeptide ^²
glucagon-like peptide 1 ^²
glucagon-like peptide 2 ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 4191¹
Entrez Gene: 2641²
UniProtKB: P01275³
Ensembl: ENSG00000115263⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for GCG gene

Previous GC identifers: GC02M161053 GC02M161527 GC02M162963 GC02M163201 GC02M162824

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for GCG:

The protein encoded by this gene is actually a preproprotein that is cleaved into four distinct

mature peptides. One of these, glucagon, is a pancreatic hormone that counteracts the

glucose-lowering action of insulin by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Glucagon is

a ligand for a specific G-protein linked receptor whose signalling pathway controls cell

proliferation. Two of the other peptides are secreted from gut endocrine cells and promote

nutrient absorption through distinct mechanisms. Finally, the fourth peptide is similar to

glicentin, an active enteroglucagon. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GLUC_HUMAN, P01275

Function: Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity.

May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life

Gene Wiki entry for GCG (Glucagon)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the GCG gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q36-q37 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2q24.2 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q36-q37

GCG Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02M162707: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	162,707,634 bp from pter
End:	162,717,003 bp from pter
Size:	9,370 bases
Orientation:	minus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000002.10 NT_005403.16

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GLUC_HUMAN, P01275 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Glucagon precursor

Size: 180 amino acids; 20909 Da

Subcellular location: Secreted

Miscellaneous: In the glucagon antagonist, His-53 and Phe-58 are missing. This antagonist has been

successfully utilized to reduce glucose concentration in vivo

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

1BH0 (3D)

1D0R (3D)

1NAU (3D)

2G49 (3D)

Secondary accessions: A6NN65 Q53TP6

Post-translational modifications:

Proglucagon is post-translationally processed in a tissue-specific manner in pancreatic A cells and

intestinal L cells. In pancreatic A cells, the major bioactive hormone is glucagon cleaved by

PCSK2/PC2. In the intestinal L cells PCSK1/PC1 liberates GLP-1, GLP-2, glicentin and

oxyntomodulin. GLP-1 is further N-terminally truncated by post-translational processing in the

intestinal L cells resulting in GLP-1(7-37) GLP-1-(7-36)amide. The C-terminal amidation is neither

important for the metabolism of GLP-1 nor for its effects on the endocrine pancreas¹

REFSEQ proteins: NP_002045.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000233604 ENSP00000364647

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant GCG Protein
	Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for GCG
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Enzo Life Sciences proteins for GCG
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Oxyntomodulin, Glucagon, GLP2, Glicentin, GLP1)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (GCG)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: GCG

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005576	extracellular region	IEA	--
GO:0005625	soluble fraction	TAS	10861272

About this table

Antibodies for GCG:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for GCG
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GCG
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for GCG
	R&D Systems Antibodies for GCG (Glucagon)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for GCG (Glucagon)
	Antibodies from Abcam (Oxyntomodulin, Glucagon, GLP2, Glicentin, GLP1), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GCG

Assays for GCG:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of GCG
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01275

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01275

1 Blocks protein family: IPB000532 Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GLUC_HUMAN, P01275

Similarity: Belongs to the glucagon family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GCG)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (GCG)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_002054

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for GCG

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for GCG

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for GCG

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for GCG
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002054
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002054
untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002054

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_002054

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GLUC_HUMAN, P01275

Function: Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose

by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin,

raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role

in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes

Function: GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Play important roles

on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the

suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of

the actions of insulin. Have growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also

regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and

vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic

beta cell proliferaton. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis

Function: GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine,

concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The

gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action.

Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced

gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose

transport and decreases mucosal permeability

Function: Oxyntomodulin significantly reduces food intake. Inhibits gastric emptying in humans.

Suppression of gastric emptying may lead to increased gastric distension, which may contribute to

satiety by causing a sensation of fullness

Function: Glicentin may modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity.

May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life

Induction: Glucagon release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin,

and somatostatin. GLP-1 and GLP-2 are induced in response to nutrient ingestion

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GCG:

glucagon,including glucagon related peptides I and II,enteroglucagon,glicentin,same as glucagon

1 MGI phenotypic allele

for Gcg (no phenotypes)

1 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function term (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005179	hormone activity	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

1 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathway for GCG (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

Hepatic Cholestasis

GeneDecks GCG for the pathways selected above

About GeneDecksing

Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GCG

5/138 Interacting proteins for GCG (ENSP00000364647³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 138 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
FOXA2	ENSP00000366319³	STRING (score=.997)
INS	ENSP00000370731³	STRING (score=.994)
FOXA1	ENSP00000250448³	STRING (score=.993)
PDX1	ENSP00000370421³	STRING (score=.993)
SST	ENSP00000287641³	STRING (score=.99)

About this table

5/6 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view) (see all 6 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0007165	signal transduction	TAS	7929237
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway	TAS	9990065
GO:0007631	feeding behavior	TAS	8538742
GO:0008283	cell proliferation	TAS	10861272
GO:0009755	hormone-mediated signaling	EXP	12626323

About this table

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

Compounds for GCG available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
Oxyntomodulin	Endogenous gut peptide; modulates feeding and metabolism	[62340-29-8]
GIP (human)	Potent insulinotropic gut hormone	[100040-31-1]
Exendin-3 (9-39) amide	Potent GLP-1 receptor antagonist	[133514-43-9]
GIP (1-39)	Highly potent insulinotropic peptide	[725474-97-5]

About this table

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GLUC_HUMAN, P01275

Pharmaceutical: Available under the names Glucagon (Eli Lilly) and GlucaGen or Glucagon Novo

Nordisk (Novo Nordisk). Used to treat severe hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetics

10/37 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GCG gene (see all 37 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
incretin	98.22	522	16800760 (4), 8473405 (3), 15655702 (3), 16682937 (3) (see all 99)
vildagliptin	95.08	63	17698900 (4), 15886245 (3), 17303799 (2), 15907807 (2) (see all 33)
liraglutide	94.69	69	15562141 (4), 19041364 (2), 15111485 (2), 18333889 (2) (see all 43)
proglucagon	92.94	174	11145564 (5), 9074764 (4), 15528303 (4), 12651102 (4) (see all 60)
oxyntomodulin	89.18	75	9074764 (3), 12769729 (3), 15068960 (3), 9306005 (2) (see all 43)
glucose	85.99	1980	12540611 (9), 9049482 (7), 8289665 (7), 9338524 (7) (see all 99)
teduglutide	85.15	21	16705029 (3), 18974283 (2), 18491995 (2), 15548172 (2) (see all 8)
glp-1 (7-36)amide	85.05	14	7835211 (2), 11289473 (2), 16403774 (2), 8791980 (1) (see all 10)
enterogastrone	83.29	9	15985560 (1), 10404829 (1), 15780430 (1), 9809800 (1) (see all 6)
c-peptide	81.59	114	7988303 (5), 1801514 (2), 15090972 (2), 14517773 (2) (see all 69)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GCG)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (GCG)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_002054

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for GCG

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for GCG

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_002054

REFSEQ mRNAs for GCG gene:

NM_002054.2

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_002054

              OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002054
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002054
                                 untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_002054

Additional cDNA sequence:

BC005278.1 BT006813.1 J04040.1 X05388.1

19 DOTS entries:

DT.100045965 DT.100045964 DT.100045958 DT.100692511 DT.95140653 DT.100045968 DT.100045970 DT.95360374

DT.100692521 DT.100692520 DT.100692518 DT.100045963 DT.121028562 DT.100045953 DT.100692522 DT.97862779

DT.95269510 DT.100692514 DT.100883937

24/3975 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 3975 ):

CA941036 CA940994 CA941369 BQ631134 CA868577 BM314337 BU076217 CA943584

CA866007 BI438775 BU790101 CA776825 BI713062 CA941615 BM311673 BM271908

CA843551 BU077992 BQ631450 BQ631172 BM263861 BM272452 CA777224 CA844107

highest scoring ESTs for GCG:

J04040 AW583807 AW583924 BC005278 BE969758 BE970178 BE970207 BF980557 BF980879 BF980959

Unigene Cluster for GCG:

Glucagon

Hs.516494 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BM802953

GeneLoc Exon Structure

2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000233604 ENST00000375497

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

GCG expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for GCG

¹ / ² / ³

3 probe-sets matching GCG gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
39726_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	J04040	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
206422_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_002054	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
206422_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks GCG for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

About GeneDecksing

About this table

Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: --

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.516494
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for GCG
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GLUC_HUMAN, P01275
Tissue specificity: Glucagon is secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. GLP-1, GLP-2,
oxyntomodulin and glicentin are secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the
gastrointestinal tract. GLP1 and GLP2 are also secreted in selected neurons in the brain

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for GCG gene from 5/7 species (see all 7 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	GCG¹	--	glucagon	92.59(n) 93.33(a)	403571 NM_001003044.1 NP_001003044.1
cow (Bos taurus)	GCG¹	--	glucagon	91.48(n) 91.67(a)	280802 NM_173916.2 NP_776341.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Gcg¹	--	glucagon	88.7(n) 91.11(a)	24952 NM_012707.1 NP_036839.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Gcg^{1, 5}	2 (36.00 cM)⁵	glucagon^{1, 5}	88.15(n)¹ 90(a)¹	14526¹ NM_008100.3¹ NP_032126.1¹ AF276754⁵ AK007911⁵ (see all 9)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	GCG¹	--	glucagon	76.91(n) 74.86(a)	396196 NM_205167.3 NP_990498.3

About this table Species with no ortholog for GCG

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GCG

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
About This Section

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/82 NCBI SNPs in GCG are shown (see all 82 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 55)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 2 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--				--
	rs6717659^1,2	A,C,F,H	162707601(+)	`CATGAC/AAAAGG`	1	--	ng5¹		4		EU EA WA	400
--	rs6717263^1,2	A,C,F,H	162707301(+)	`CACGCC/ATGGGC`	1	--	ng5¹		4		EU EA WA	412
	rs13001107^1,2	C,F,H	162718257(+)	`TGAAGG/CCCACA`	1	--	ng3¹		7		NA EU EA WA	562
	rs16846320^1,2	C,F,H	162707246(+)	`AGTGGG/ACCAGA`	1	--	ng5¹		7		NA EU EA WA	544
	rs35328019^1,2	C,F,H	162707187(+)	`GAACGG/ACTACA`	1	--	ng5¹		8		EU EA WA	838
	rs3811540^1,2	C,H	162717349(-)	`GGCTAC/TGTAAT`	1	--	ng3¹		4		EU EA WA	418
	rs6732914^1,2	A,C	162707634(+)	`AATGGC/TAAAGA`	1	--	ut3¹		0	--	--	--	--
	rs5650^1,2	H	162710344(-)	`CCAAGC/TTGCCA`	1	A/V	mis¹ ese³		6		MN EU EA WA	682
	rs6717609^1,2	C	162707509(+)	`TGCAGA/CCATCT`	1	--	ng5¹		0	--	--	--	--
	rs11692314^1,2	H	162718977(+)	`TGCTTC/ACATTA`	1	--	ng3¹		4		EU EA WA	420

About this table

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for GCG (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 138030

10/74 Novoseek disease relationships for GCG gene (see all 74 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
niddm	81.73	171	8921824 (6), 8908380 (4), 9049482 (4), 9397146 (3) (see all 86)
hypoglycemia	78.54	55	9794105 (4), 12941722 (4), 12547550 (4), 11889194 (3) (see all 31)
hyperglycemia	75.23	50	19174495 (4), 7612912 (2), 9285204 (1), 10096792 (1) (see all 36)
short bowel syndrome	74.60	30	18162829 (3), 16705029 (2), 15803906 (1), 19324585 (1) (see all 19)
reactive hypoglycemia	71.98	12	14517773 (2), 1914756 (2), 11575444 (2), 8319842 (1) (see all 8)
insulin sensitivity	68.31	43	8897012 (3), 11911852 (2), 9024239 (2), 19106269 (2) (see all 28)
insulin resistance	67.74	37	18818290 (3), 11522713 (2), 17460495 (2), 9285204 (1) (see all 22)
insulinoma	65.08	21	11237222 (3), 17575235 (2), 8190093 (1), 9218425 (1) (see all 14)
obesity	64.86	67	10087239 (4), 15645696 (3), 12007541 (2), 15616656 (2) (see all 37)
hyperinsulinemia	62.00	19	11911852 (1), 18812476 (1), 10871199 (1), 12540611 (1) (see all 18)

About this table

Genetic Association Database: GCG
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: GCG (24 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
About This Section

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
About This Section

10/1132 PubMed articles for GCG gene (see all 1132 ):

Complete sequences of glucagon-like peptide-1 from human and pig small intestine. (PubMed id 2753890)^{2, 3, 4} Orskov C.... Holst J.J. (1989)
Structure of the human glucagon gene. (PubMed id 3725587)^{2, 3, 4} White J.W. and Saunders G.F. (1986)
Glucagon-like peptides: regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. (PubMed id 12554744)^{1, 3, 4} Drucker D.J. (2003)
Expression, purification, and PC1-mediated processing of human proglucagon, glicentin, and major proglucagon fragment. (PubMed id 12651102)^{1, 3, 4} Bonic A. and Mackin R.B. (2003)
Postnatal and postprandial changes in plasma concentrations of glicentin in term and preterm infants. (PubMed id 14632334)^{1, 3, 4} Tadokoro R.... Yamashiro Y. (2003)
Role of the prohormone convertase PC2 in the processing of proglucagon to glucagon. (PubMed id 9287128)^{1, 3, 4} Rouille Y.... Halban P.A. (1997)
Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. (PubMed id 15815621)^{3, 4} Hillier L.W....Wilson R.K. (2005)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{3, 4} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism. (PubMed id 12626323)^{3, 4} Jiang G. and Zhang B.B. (2003)
NMR solution structure of the glucagon antagonist [desHis1, desPhe6, Glu9]glucagon amide in the presence of perdeuterated dodecylphosphocholine micelles. (PubMed id 12627948)^{3, 4} Ying J.... Hruby V.J. (2003)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
About This Section

		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
About This Section

Entrez Gene: 2641	HGNC: 4191	AceView: GCG	Ensembl:ENSG00000115263	euGenes: HUgn2641
ECgene: GCG	H-InvDB: GCG

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
Glucagon at Eli Lilly	http://www.lillyDiabetes.com/Products/PatientInfo.cfm

Licensable Technologies for GCG
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

About This Section

(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for GCG:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for GCG-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for GCG		Antibodies for GCG
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Proteins for GCG
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for GCG		Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (GCG)
	Search for Antibodies
	Chimera RNAi (GCG)
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Antibodies & Assays for GCG (Glucagon)

	Recombinant Proteins (Oxyntomodulin, Glucagon, GLP2, Glicentin, GLP1)
	Antibodies (Oxyntomodulin, Glucagon, GLP2, Glicentin, GLP1)

	Tagged/untagged cDNA clones
	Validated SYBR primer pairs
	Purified proteins from HEK293T cells
	Western blot validated antibodies
	shRNA in GFP-retroviral vector

Tocris compounds for GCG

	Proteins for GCG
	Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for GCG

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

Random Gene From GIFtS :

about GIFtS

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Developed at the Crown Human Genome Center & Weizmann Institute of Science

The GeneCards Human Gene Database: Copyright © 1996-2009, Weizmann Institute of Science. All Rights Reserved.
GCG Gene at Home site.
Version 2.41.1
server4.xennexinc.com

GCG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 63

Aliases &
Descriptions
for GCG

Summaries
for GCG

Genomic Location
for GCG

Proteins
for GCG

Protein Domains/
Families
for GCG

Gene Function
for GCG

Pathways & Interactions
for GCG

Drugs & Compounds
for GCG

Transcripts
for GCG

Expression
for GCG

Orthologs
for GCG

Paralogs
for GCG

SNPs/Variants
for GCG

Disorders & Mutations
for GCG

Medical News
for GCG

Publications
for GCG

Search for GCG

Genome Databases showing GCG

Other Databases showing GCG

Specialized Databases showing GCG

Licensable Technologies
for GCG

Services
for GCG

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

GCG Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 63

Aliases & Descriptionsfor GCG

Summariesfor GCG

Genomic Locationfor GCG

Proteinsfor GCG

Protein Domains/Familiesfor GCG

Gene Functionfor GCG

Pathways & Interactionsfor GCG

Drugs & Compoundsfor GCG

Transcriptsfor GCG

Expression for GCG

Orthologsfor GCG

Paralogsfor GCG

SNPs/Variantsfor GCG

Disorders & Mutationsfor GCG

Medical Newsfor GCG

Publicationsfor GCG

Search for GCG

Genome Databases showing GCG

Other Databases showing GCG

Specialized Databases showing GCG

Licensable Technologiesfor GCG

Servicesfor GCG

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for GCG

Summaries
for GCG

Genomic Location
for GCG

Proteins
for GCG

Protein Domains/
Families
for GCG

Gene Function
for GCG

Pathways & Interactions
for GCG

Drugs & Compounds
for GCG

Transcripts
for GCG

Expression
for GCG

Orthologs
for GCG

Paralogs
for GCG

SNPs/Variants
for GCG

Disorders & Mutations
for GCG

Medical News
for GCG

Publications
for GCG

Licensable Technologies
for GCG

Services
for GCG