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GAST Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 57

GC17P037124
gastrin
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: GAS)
Services    
(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc , and/or 7Ensembl, 8miRBase)
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Aliases
GAS 2, 3, 5
gastrin 2
External Ids
HGNC: 41641
Entrez Gene: 25202
UniProtKB: P013503
Ensembl: ENSG000001845027
Search outside databases for aliases for GAST gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for GAST:
Gastrin is a hormone whose main function is to stimulate secretion of hydrochloric acid by the
gastric mucosa, which results in gastrin formation inhibition. This hormone also acts as a
mitogenic factor for gastrointestinal epithelial cells. Gastrin has two biologically active
peptide forms, G34 and G17. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GAST_HUMAN, P01350
Function: Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the
pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes. It also stimulates smooth muscle contraction and
increases blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine

Gene Wiki entry for GAST (Gastrin)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
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Genomic View:
UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

 Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the GAST gene  

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q21   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  17q21.2   HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q

GAST Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 17         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17P037124:     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
37,122,139 bp from pter
End:
37,125,747 bp from pter
Size:
3,609 bases
Orientation:
plus strand
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000017.9  NT_010755.15  
(According to 1UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to 2Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GAST_HUMAN, P01350 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Gastrin precursor  
Size: 101 amino acids; 11394 Da
Subcellular location: Secreted
Secondary accessions: P78463 P78464

Post-translational modifications:

  • Two different processing pathways probably exist in antral G-cells. In the dominant pathway
    progastrin is cleaved at three sites resulting in two major bioactive gastrins, gastrin-34 and
    gastrin-17. In the putative alternative pathway, progastrin may be processed only at the most
    C-terminal dibasic site resulting in the synthesis of gastrin-711
  • Sulfation enhances proteolytic processing, and blocks peptide degradation. Levels of sulfation
    differ between proteolytically-cleaved gastrins. Thus, gastrin-6 is almost 73% sulfated, whereas
    the larger gastrins are less than 50% sulfated. Sulfation levels are also tissue-specific1
  • View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite2


  • REFSEQ proteins: NP_000796.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
    ENSP00000331358 


    Human Recombinant Proteins 
    Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
    Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
    Sigma-Aldrich Proteins for GAST  
    Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
    Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
    Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (Gastrin)
    Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (GAST)
                    Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells 

    1 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component term (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005576 extracellular region IEA--
    About this table

    Antibodies for GAST: 
    Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
    Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GAST
    Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for GAST
    Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
    Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for GAST  (Gastrin Precursor)
    Antibodies from Abcam (Gastrin), each with their AbpromiseSM
    Browse Abnova for Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies
    Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GAST

    Assays for GAST: 
    Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
    Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
    Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
    Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    2 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR013152 Gastrin/cholecystokinin_CS
     IPR001651 Gastrin


       GeneDecks  GAST for the domains selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P01350

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P01350

    1 Blocks protein family: IPB001651 Gastrin/cholecystokinin peptide hormone

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GAST_HUMAN, P01350
    Similarity: Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family

    (According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
    shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
    RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GAST)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000805

                  Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for GAST

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for GAST  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for GAST  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Clones:Browse Clone Ranger at Invitrogen for clones
    Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000805
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000805
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000805 

    Primers: Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers
                  OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000805

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GAST_HUMAN, P01350
    Function: Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the
    pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes. It also stimulates smooth muscle contraction and
    increases blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine

    6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles(MGI details for Gast):

    digestive/alimentaryendocrine/exocrine glandhomeostasis/metabolismimmune systemlife span-post-weaning/aging
    tumorigenesis

    2 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005179 hormone activity TAS7488110
    GO:0005515 protein binding IEA--
    About this table

    (Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
    Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, and/or 3STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section


    1 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathway for  GAST  (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) 
     Cholecystokinin/Gastrin-mediated Signaling

       GeneDecks  GAST for the pathways selected above  
    About GeneDecksing

     Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for  GAST 


    5/75 Interacting proteins for GAST (ENSP000003313583) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 75 )
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    CCKBRENSP000003355443STRING (score=.993)
    SSTENSP000002876413STRING (score=.989)
    VIPENSP000003562133STRING (score=.978)
    SCTENSP000001761953STRING (score=.974)
    CALCAENSP000003317463STRING (score=.968)
    About this table

    1 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process term (links to tree view):

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0007165 signal transduction NAS7488110
    About this table
    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences
    Browse Small Molecules at Sigma-Aldrich

    Browse Tocris compounds for GAST
    10/44 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GAST gene (see all 44 )
    Compound   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    pro-gastrin 94.82 205 14627349 (7), 16615003 (6), 12825873 (6), 11115822 (5) (see all 73)
    gastrin 17 87.27 10 16143134 (7), 15362871 (1), 7851540 (1)
    preprogastrin 83.60 8 1773057 (2), 15486344 (2), 2218398 (1)
    pepsinogen 82.31 112 15298602 (7), 10102232 (7), 8642157 (6), 8053437 (5) (see all 36)
    minigastrin 82.19 1 16204724 (1)
    spiroglumide 74.70 3 12921485 (1), 10093002 (1), 8813647 (1)
    l365260 74.56 16 8942742 (2), 7890609 (2), 9834332 (2), 18310296 (1) (see all 8)
    antigastrin 72.74 1 8562170 (1)
    oxyntomodulin 70.76 11 1806810 (1), 10532260 (1), 11054648 (1), 18803943 (1) (see all 10)
    phenylalanine amide 68.02 1 2360639 (1)
    About this table


    (GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
    non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
    ESTs according to GeneTide,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
    siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
    shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section

    Inhib.
    RNA:
    Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GAST)
    Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
    Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products
                  OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vector: NM_000805

                  Sigma-Aldrich siRNA for GAST  
                         Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for GAST  
                         Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs  

    Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: 

    NM_000805  

    REFSEQ mRNAs for GAST gene: 

    NM_000805.3   

    Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays: 

    NM_000805  

                  OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000805
                                     Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000805
                                     untagged cDNA clone in CMV expression vector: NM_000805 

    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    BC069724.1 BC069762.1 V00511.1 

    1 DOTS entry:

    DT.97843366 

    24/26 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 26 ):

    BM765898 BQ084163 BM855359 BM856458 BM855583 BQ083239 BM768289 BM854018 
    V00511 BM854691 BM855834 BM856563 BM830473 BM768748 BM850374 BM855860 
    NM_000805 BM853900 BM768483 BC069762 BM768337 BM856272 BC069724 BM855956 

    highest scoring ESTs for GAST:

    V00511 BC069724 BC069762 BM765898 BM768289 BM768337 BM768483 BM768748 BM768762 BM830473 

    Unigene Cluster for GAST:

    Gastrin
    Hs.2681  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: BM768289


    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:
    ENST00000329402  
    (Experimental results according to 1GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
    probe sets-to-genes annotations according to 2GeneAnnot , 3GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
    Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
    About This Section

    GAST expression in normal and diseased human tissues

     Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for GAST

    1 / 2 / 3

    3 probe-sets matching GAST gene


    Affymetrix
    probe-set
    Array  GeneAnnot data GeneNote data GeneTide data
    # genes Sensitivity Specificity Correlation Length Gb_Accession Consensus Uniqueness Score Rank

    34552_at2, 3 U95-A 1 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 V00511 1.00 1.00 1.00 1

    208138_at2, 3 U133-A 1 0.91 1.00 -- -- NM_000805 0.60 1.00 0.82 1

    208138_at2 U133Plus2 1 0.91 1.00 -- -- -- -- -- -- --
    About this table
    Data from (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
        About these images
    About these images

    CGAP SAGE TAG: GCTGGAGGAA

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.2681

    Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for GAST

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD and/or 5MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
    About This Section


    Orthologs for GAST gene from 4 species
    Organism Gene Locus Description Human
    Similarity
    NCBI accessions
    chimpanzee
    (Pan troglodytes)
    GAST1   -- gastrin 100(n)
    100(a)
    468262  XM_523651.2  XP_523651.2 
    cow
    (Bos taurus)
    GAST1   -- gastrin 82.49(n)
    69.7(a)
    280800  NM_173915.2  NP_776340.1 
    rat
    (Rattus norvegicus)
    Gast1   -- gastrin 76.9(n)
    70.3(a)
    25320  NM_012849.1  NP_036981.1 
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)
    Gast1, 5 11 (60.00 cM)5
    gastrin1, 5 80.67(n)1
    69(a)1
    144591  NM_010257.21  NP_034387.21 
     AK0080625  AK0081595  (see all 17)
    About this table        Species with no ortholog for GAST

    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GAST
    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene
    and 2Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to 3Pseudogene.org)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
    About This Section


    10/51 NCBI SNPs in GAST are shown (see all 51 )
    (Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay)  (see all 41)
    ABGenomic DataTranscription DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidChr 17 posSequenceRecsAA
    Chg
    TypeMoreRecsAllele
    freq
    PopTotal
    sample
    More
    ------------
    rs116580991,2
    A,C,F,H37121779(+) GAGAGA/GTAAGT 1 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- G:0.12EU EA WA 396
    rs72197461,2
    A,C,F,H37121495(+) GCACCG/AAGGGT 1 -- ng518Minor allele frequency- A:0.26EU EA WA NA 634
    rs99137131,2
    A,F,H37120577(+) TTGTCG/ATTTTC 1 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- A:0.01EU EA WA 396
    rs116581001,2
    A,C,H37121816(+) GTGGGA/GAGCAT 1 -- ng513Minor allele frequency- G:0.00EU EA 268
    --
    rs72190431,2
    A,C,F37121052(+) agactA/Gagctg 1 -- ng513Minor allele frequency- G:0.22NA 126
    rs343096181,2
    C,F37125222(+) GCAGCG/CACTAT 1 P/R mis15Minor allele frequency- C:0.01NA EU EA WA 496
    rs124537611,2
    F,H37120839(+) GAAAAA/GTAAAA 1 -- ng513Minor allele frequency- G:0.28EU EA 288
    --
    rs72094761,2
    A,C37122138(+) AGCCGC/TGGCAC 1 -- ng510--------
    --
    rs98935711,2
    A,C37120166(+) tgactG/Tcgtga 1 -- ng510--------
    rs47966831,2
    A,H37121725(+) CCATCG/AGGTTC 1 -- ng514Minor allele frequency- A:0.00EU EA WA 418
    About this table

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for GAST (up to first 250kb)

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section

    OMIM: 137250

    10/96 Novoseek disease relationships for GAST gene (see all 96 )

    Disease   Score   Articles   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    zollinger-ellison syndrome 93.89 52 11136282 (2), 2103752 (2), 2188384 (1), 1940201 (1) (see all 44)
    gastrinoma 93.52 119 9605259 (4), 11095444 (3), 2322109 (3), 2129824 (3) (see all 69)
    gastritis atrophic 88.10 72 2323589 (5), 15932170 (3), 17261130 (3), 8723421 (2) (see all 42)
    duodenal ulcer 86.32 170 2019363 (5), 7924733 (4), 8098023 (4), 16610039 (4) (see all 99)
    gastritis 85.10 119 18237867 (5), 8053437 (3), 9759944 (3), 15191513 (2) (see all 74)
    carcinoid 85.02 89 9465604 (3), 2049096 (3), 9752879 (3), 8204017 (2) (see all 63)
    achlorhydria 83.92 14 10418939 (4), 17985088 (1), 19172694 (1), 17101553 (1) (see all 9)
    multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 82.07 20 1802924 (3), 11419921 (2), 8924487 (2), 8102327 (1) (see all 11)
    ovarian stromal cancer 80.40 1 9575243 (1)
    hypochlorhydria 79.18 11 7859584 (2), 8578237 (1), 16409664 (1), 19115463 (1) (see all 8)
    About this table

    (Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
    About This Section

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Novoseek, 2HGNC, 3Entrez Gene, 4UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 5UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 6GAD, and/or 7PharmGKB)
    About This Section

    10/1569 PubMed articles for GAST gene (see all 1569 ):
    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section

     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Free Text  

      Query String
    PubMed
    OMIM
    NCBI Bookshelf
      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)
    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section

    Entrez Gene: 2520 HGNC: 4164 AceView: GAS Ensembl:ENSG00000184502 euGenes: HUgn2520
    ECgene: GAST H-InvDB: GAST
    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section

      --
    (According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section

    NameDescription
    Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrin
    (Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)
    About This Section

      --
    (Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
    Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
    Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
    About This Section



    Products for GAST:
     TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays
     TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays
      Free SNP selection tool



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     Predesigned and custom siRNAs for GAST Antibodies for GAST
     Explore super-pooled esiRNAs Proteins for GAST
     Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for GAST Browse small molecules at Sigma-Aldrich
     "Your Favorite Gene" Pathwaysfeedback


      
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     Search OriGene for GAST
     Search Tocris compounds for GAST




     Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies
     Antibodies for GAST

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