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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

GALR2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 62
GCID: GC17P074070

galanin receptor 2

Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
GALR2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Galanin Receptor 2¹ ²
GALNR2¹ ² ³ ⁵
GAL2-R² ³
GALR-2² ³
Galanin Receptor Type 2²

External Ids:	HGNC: 4133¹	Entrez Gene: 8811²	Ensembl: ENSG00000182687⁷	OMIM: 603691⁵	UniProtKB: O43603³

Export aliases for GALR2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC17U990138 GC17P074534 GC17P074668 GC17P074648 GC17P071582 GC17P069499

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for GALR2:

Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It

is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits

cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility.

The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the

7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin

peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq),

in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi.

However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously

activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GALR2_HUMAN, O43603

Function: Receptor for the hormone galanin and for GALP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that

activate the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via G(q)) and that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (via G(i))

summary for GALR2:

Galanin is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and the endocrine system. Three

different galanin receptors (GAL1-3) have been identified which are Gi/o-protein-coupled. They are highly

expressed in hypothalamic nuclei and the brainstem. In addition, they are found in proliferating zones of

the fetal and adult brain and in peripheral tissues including the pancreas, heart, skin and gastrointestinal

tract. Galanin receptors mediate a variety of physiological functions including inhibition of

glucose-induced insulin secretion, stimulation of growth hormone release and modulation of gastrointestinal

motility. These receptors also modulate neuronal functions including memory, nociception, spinal reflexes

and feeding. Disruption of galanin expression or galanin receptor signaling is seen in many multifactoral

conditions, suggesting a role in the development and/or pathology of certain diseases. These include

Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, diabetes, alcoholism, neuropathic pain and cancer.

Gene Wiki entry for GALR2 (Galanin receptor 2)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000017.10 NC_018928.1 NT_010783.15

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the GALR2 gene promoter:
CREB USF1 RREB-1 deltaCREB MyoD
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: GALR2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for GALR2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat GALR2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 17q25.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 17q25.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 17q25.3

GALR2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
GALR2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 17 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC17P074070: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	74,070,875 bp from pter	End:	74,073,622 bp from pter
Size:	2,748 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GALR2_HUMAN, O43603 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Galanin receptor type 2

Size: 387 amino acids; 41700 Da

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein

Secondary accessions: A5JUU4 Q32MN8

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for GALR2: NX_O43603

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_O43603

GALR2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins: NP_003848.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000329684

Reactome Protein details: O43603
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	EMD Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant GALR2 Protein
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	Uscn Proteins for GALR2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	TAS	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

GALR2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for GALR2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

GALR2 for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR003907 Galnin_2_rcpt

IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM

IPR000405 Galanin_rcpt

IPR000276 GPCR_Rhodpsn

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry O43603

ProtoNet protein and cluster: O43603

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000405 Galanin receptor signature

IPB003907 Galanin 2 receptor signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GALR2_HUMAN, O43603

Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GALR2_HUMAN, O43603

Function: Receptor for the hormone galanin and for GALP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that

activate the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via G(q)) and that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (via G(i))

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GALR2:

galanin receptor 2,G protein coupled receptor superfamily,binding GALN with high affinity,expressed in several region

of brain as will as peripheral tissues,coupling to phospholipase C and elevation of intracellular calcium levels

miRNA Products:		Browse 3'-UTR reporter clones for miRNA target validation Browse MicroRNA Expression Plasmids
		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GALR2
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Inhib. RNA Products:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
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Gene Editing
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		Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for GALR2

In Situ Assay
Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GALR2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004966	galanin receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0042923	neuropeptide binding	--	--

GALR2 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing

Animal Models:
     Mouse knock-out Galr2^tm1Dgen for GALR2
     5 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Galr2):

behavior/neurological

hematopoietic system

immune system

integument

nervous system

GALR2 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Unified GeneCards pathways About this table

See pathways by source

Super-pathway

contained gene-specific pathways

Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)

Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)	1.00	G alpha (i) signalling events	0.44
GPCR ligand binding	0.75	GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like	0.41
Peptide ligand-binding receptors	0.61	Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction	0.38

Signaling by GPCR

	Signaling by GPCR	1.00			Signal Transduction	0.56
	GPCR downstream signaling	0.89

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

1.00

Peptide GPCRs

0.46

Pathway sources
See GeneCards unified pathways
Show all pathways

1 EMD Millipore Pathway for GALR2

Neuropeptides signaling through G-protein alpha-i & G-protein alpha-q

2 BioSystems Pathways for GALR2

	GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like
	Peptide GPCRs

5/7 Reactome Pathways for GALR2 (see all 7)

	GPCR downstream signaling
	Peptide ligand-binding receptors
	Signal Transduction
	Signaling by GPCR
	G alpha (i) signalling events

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for GALR2):

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

GALR2 for pathways About GeneDecksing

Interactions:

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GALR2

STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

5/144 Interacting proteins for GALR2 (O43603³ ENSP00000329684⁴) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 144)

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
GAL	P22466³, ENSP00000265643⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000265643
GNAQ	P50148³, ENSP00000286548⁴	I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000286548
ADCY2	ENSP00000342952⁴	STRING: ENSP00000342952
ADORA1	ENSP00000308549⁴	STRING: ENSP00000308549
APLNR	ENSP00000257254⁴	STRING: ENSP00000257254

About this table

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/14 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 14): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006936	muscle contraction	TAS	9480833
GO:0007166	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	9480833
GO:0007186	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	--	--
GO:0007188	adenylate cyclase-modulating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	TAS	9685625
GO:0007189	adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	--	--

GALR2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

GALR2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Compounds for GALR2 available from Tocris Bioscience About this table

Compound	Action	CAS #
AR-M 1896	GAL2 agonist	[367518-31-8]
M871	Selective GAL2 antagonist	[908844-75-7]
Galanin (2-29) (rat)	Selective GAL2 peptide agonist	[141696-11-9]
Apelin-17 (human, bovine)	Endogenous APJ receptor agonist	[217082-57-0]
M 1145	Potent and selective GAL2 agonist	--

4 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GALR2 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
galp	81.1	2	11174012 (1), 15944009 (1)
capsaicin	31.4	15	18553211 (6), 15275747 (2), 16996122 (1)
adenylate	18	1	9832121 (1)
calcium	4.31	5	9832121 (1), 9685625 (1), 11567049 (1), 10980593 (1) (see all 5)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about GALR2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for GALR2 gene:

NM_003857.2

Unigene Cluster for GALR2:

Galanin receptor 2

Hs.666366 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: AF040630

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000329003(uc002jqm.1)

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		QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat GALR2
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Additional cDNA sequence:

AF040630.1 AF080586.1 BC069130.1 BC074914.2 BC074915.2 BC109051.1 BC109052.1 EF577401.1

1 DOTS entry:

DT.402965

7 AceView cDNA sequences:

BC074914 BC074915 AF080586 NM_003857 BC069130 AF040630 BU631750

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

GALR2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: ATCCTCATCG

About this image

GALR2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 3 LifeMap Cells

Name

Category

PureStem™ epithelial progenitor E164 (Embryonic Progenitor Cell)

Intermediate Mesoderm, Kidney

Mesendoderm-like cells (Generation of mesend...)

Posterior foregut-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See GALR2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for GALR2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.666366

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: GALR2_HUMAN, O43603

Tissue specificity: Expressed abundantly within the central nervous system in both hypothalamus and hippocampus. In

peripheral tissues, the strongest expression was observed in heart, kidney, liver, and small intestine

SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Arrays including GALR2:

G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling PathwayFinder in human mouse rat

G Protein Coupled Receptors 384HT in human mouse rat

Neurotrophins & Receptors in human mouse rat

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		QIAGEN QuantiFast Probe-based Assays in human, mouse, rat GALR2

In Situ
Assay Products:

Advanced Cell Diagnostics RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for GALR2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for GALR2 gene from 6/19 species (see all 19) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	GALR2¹	galanin receptor 2	72.77(n) 68.77(a)		770030 NM_001128063.1 NP_001121535.1
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	GALR2⁶	--	62(a)	1 ↔ 1	2(113172759-113182116)
tropical clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis)	Amphibia	Str.12152²	Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more	75.07(n)		BX705384.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	LOC100334793¹	galanin receptor type 2-like	70.98(n) 72.03(a)		100334793 XM_002664007.1 XP_002664053.1
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	AlstR^{1 , 3}	G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway more³ Allatostatin Receptor¹	36(a)³ 47.67(n)¹ 37.63(a)¹		1 3E1³ 44126¹ NM_079961.3¹ NP_524700.1¹
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	ZK455.3³ npr-9¹	G-protein coupled receptor³ Protein NPR-9¹	33(a)³ 43.84(n)¹ 38.98(a)¹		X(11363821-11367302)³ 191320¹ NM_077495.1¹ NP_509896.1¹

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GALR2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for GALR2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for GALR2 gene

SSTR3² OPRL1² OPRK1² NPBWR1² OPRD1² KISS1R² GALR1² SSTR4²

SSTR5² MCHR2² SSTR1² GALR3² SSTR2² OPRM1² NPBWR2² MCHR1²

16 SIMAP similar genes for GALR2 using alignment to 1 protein entry: GALR2_HUMAN:

GALR3 GALR1 KISS1R OPRL1 SSTR2 CXCR1

OPRK1 SSTR5 SSTR1 SSTR3 OPRM1 NPBWR1

OPRD1 SSTR4 UTS2R NPFFR1

GALR2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 17 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs199821083^1,2		--	74070971(+)	`TGAACA/GTCTCG`	2	I V	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs150585267^1,2		--	74070975(+)	`CGTCTC/TGGGCT`	2	S L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs201419465^1,2		--	74071054(+)	`CCCCTC/GCTCTT`	2	L	syn¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs138861396^1,2	C,	--	74071113(+)	`GGTGCT/GGCTGC`	2	/R /L	mis¹		1		NA	4516
rs114084562^1,2	C,F,	--	74071172(+)	`GCGTGG/TCCGAC`	2	A S	mis¹		2		WA NA	4670
rs143605647^1,2	F	--	74071211(+)	`TCCAGG/ACCACC`	2	/T /A	mis¹		1		NA	4552
rs139644215^1,2	C,F,	--	74071221(+)	`CATCTA/GCACCC`	2	Y C	mis¹		2		NA EU	5873
rs141784016^1,2	C,F	--	74071294(+)	`ATGCAC/GGCCAG`	2	H Q	mis¹		2		NA EU	5823
rs150837200^1,2	F	--	74071309(+)	`TTCACG/TCTGGC`	2	T	syn¹		1		NA	4456
rs116466433^1,2	C,	--	74071413(+)	`AAGAAG/AGGACG`	1	--	int¹		1		WA	118

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for GALR2 (74070875 - 74073622 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 1 variation for GALR2
1 CNV: 35500

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
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GALR2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 603691    OMIM disorders: --

15 diseases for GALR2:    About MalaCards

alzheimer's disease nonepidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma sinusitis amyotrophic neuralgia

alcoholism neuronitis keratoderma squamous cell carcinoma

hermaphroditism lung cancer breast cancer obesity

neuroblastoma carcinoma prostatitis

2 Novoseek disease relationships for GALR2 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
alzheimers disease	42.1	1	18500647 (1)
tumors	0	2	20148716 (1), 19276245 (1)

Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: GALR2 (3 documents)

Export disorders for GALR2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for GALR2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 72):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with GALR2)

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Molecular characterization and expression of cloned human galanin receptors GALR2 and GALR3. (PubMed id 9832121)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Kolakowski L.F. Jr.... O'Dowd B.F. (1998)
Molecular characterization, pharmacological properties and chromosomal localization of the human GALR2 galanin receptor. (PubMed id 9685625)^{1, 2, 3, 9} Fathi Z.... Zimanyi I.A. (1998)
Cloning and expression of the human galanin receptor GalR2. (PubMed id 9480833)^{1, 2, 9} Bloomquist B.T.... Cornfield L.J. (1998)
Cloning and characterization of the human galanin GALR2 receptor. (PubMed id 9880084)^{1, 2, 9} Borowsky B.... Gerald C. (1998)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
Galanin decreases proliferation of PC12 cells and induces apoptosis via its subtype 2 receptor (GalR2). (PubMed id 18272487)^{1, 9} Tofighi R....Ceccatelli S. (2008)
Alcoholism is associated with GALR3 but not two other galanin receptor genes. (PubMed id 17083333)^{1, 9} Belfer I....Enoch M.A. (2007)
Galanin receptor subtype GalR2 mediates apoptosis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. (PubMed id 14592962)^{1, 9} Berger A....Kofler B. (2004)
Rap1 mediates galanin receptor 2-induced proliferatio n and survival in squamous cell carcinoma. (PubMed id 21345369)¹ Banerjee R....D'Silva N.J. (2011)
Dissociation of heterotrimeric g proteins in cells. (PubMed id 18577758)¹ Lambert N.A. (2008)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 8811	HGNC: 4133	AceView: GALR2	Ensembl:ENSG00000182687	euGenes: HUgn8811
ECgene: GALR2	Kegg: 8811	H-InvDB: GALR2

(According to HUGE)
About This Section

(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for GALR2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for GALR2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for GALR2 gene:
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