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GAD2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

GC10P026545

glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)
(Previous names: glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kD) )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
About This Section

Aliases
EC 4.1.1.15 ^³
GAD-65 ^³
GAD65 ^¹, ², ³
MGC161605 ^²
MGC161607 ^²
OTTHUMP00000019335 ^²
OTTHUMP00000019336 ^²

Descriptions
65 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase ^³
Glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa isoform ^³
Glutamate decarboxylase-2 (pancreas) ^²
glutamate decarboxylase 2 ^²
glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kD) ^¹, ²
glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa) ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 4093¹
Entrez Gene: 2572²
UniProtKB: Q05329³
Ensembl: ENSG00000136750⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for GAD2 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC10P026240 GC10P026655 GC10P026509 GC10P026508

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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EntrezGene summary for GAD2:

This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major

autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the

production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has

been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an

autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the

stiff man syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode the

same protein. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE2_HUMAN, Q05329

Function: Catalyzes the production of GABA

Gene Wiki entry for GAD2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the GAD2 gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 10p11.23 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 10p12.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 10p13-p11.2

GAD2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 10 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC10P026545: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	26,545,242 bp from pter
End:	26,633,493 bp from pter
Size:	88,252 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000010.9 NT_008705.15

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE2_HUMAN, Q05329 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Glutamate decarboxylase 2

Size: 585 amino acids; 65411 Da

Cofactor: Pyridoxal phosphate

Subunit: Homodimer

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cytoplasmic vesicle. Cell junction, synapse, presynaptic

cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic

side. Note=Associated to cytoplasmic vesicles. In neurons, cytosolic leaflet of Golgi membranes

and presynaptic clusters

PDB structure from and Proteopedia :

1ES0 (3D)

2OKK (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q9UD87

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated; which does not affect kinetic parameters or subcellular location¹

Palmitoylated; which is required for presynaptic clustering¹

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_000809.1 NP_001127838.1

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000259271 ENSP00000365437 ENSP00000365424

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant GAD2 Protein
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (GAD65, GAD65 + GAD67)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (GAD2)

Browse Origene for full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells

5/7 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view) (see all 7 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000139	Golgi membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IEA	--
GO:0005794	Golgi apparatus	IEA	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0030054	cell junction	IEA	--

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Antibodies for GAD2:

	Invitrogen Antibodies for GAD2
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GAD2
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibody Arrays and Antibodies for GAD2
	R&D Systems Antibodies for GAD2 (GAD2/GAD65)
	Cell Signaling Technology (CST) Antibodies for GAD2
	Antibodies from Abcam (GAD65, GAD65 + GAD67), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (GAD2)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GAD2

Assays for GAD2:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q05329

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q05329

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE2_HUMAN, Q05329

Similarity: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GAD2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_000818

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for GAD2

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for GAD2

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for GAD2

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clone Ranger at Invitrogen for clones
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000818
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000818
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000818

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_001134366

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE2_HUMAN, Q05329

Function: Catalyzes the production of GABA

Catalytic activity: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO(2)

Biophysicochemical properties: Kinetic parameters: KM=2.15 mM for glutamate;

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 4.1.1.15

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GAD2:

glutamate decarboxylase 2,islet beta cell,65kDa autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

and immunogen for autoreactive B cells

14 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 3 alleles) (MGI details for Gad2):

behavior/neurological	craniofacial	digestive/alimentary	embryogenesis	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	immune system	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging
muscle	nervous system	reproductive system	respiratory system

4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004351	glutamate decarboxylase activity	IEA	--
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	10671565
GO:0016829	lyase activity	IEA	--
GO:0030170	pyridoxal phosphate binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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5/7 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for GAD2 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 7 )

&beta
Butanoate Metabolism
GABA Receptor Signaling
Glutamate Metabolism
Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism

GeneDecks GAD2 for the pathways selected above

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Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for GAD2

5/101 Interacting proteins for GAD2 (ENSP00000259271³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 101 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
INS	ENSP00000370731³	STRING (score=.993)
ABAT	ENSP00000268251³	STRING (score=.982)
GLUL	ENSP00000356537³	STRING (score=.972)
PLEKHG5	ENSP00000366977³	STRING (score=.967)
CNDP1	ENSP00000351682³	STRING (score=.948)

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4 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006540	glutamate decarboxylation to succinate	TAS	1549570
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	TAS	8954991
GO:0019752	carboxylic acid metabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0042136	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	IEA	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for GAD2:

Inhibitor

Browse Tocris compounds for GAD2
10/18 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GAD2 gene (see all 18 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
c-peptide	56.95	9	18725905 (1), 7926302 (1), 17448127 (1), 9405979 (1) (see all 6)
tyrosine	42.67	29	10480509 (2), 11473034 (2), 10333047 (2), 15829408 (2) (see all 23)
cysteine sulfinic acid	41.90	1	15070923 (1)
gliadin	30.13	4	11561218 (3), 19298606 (1)
glucose	8.89	15	8504767 (3), 10333047 (3), 10950838 (1), 1464667 (1) (see all 7)
nitric oxide	3.31	2	11455199 (1), 18923069 (1)
hydrogen	3.08	1	14631117 (1)
cholesterol	3.03	2	12356867 (1)
125i	2.05	4	9027428 (3), 9166231 (1)
calcium	0.82	3	15079019 (1), 16879709 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GAD2)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Browse Abnova for Chimera RNAi Products

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_000818

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for GAD2

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for GAD2

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_000818 NM_001134366

REFSEQ mRNAs for GAD2 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_000818.2 NM_001134366.1

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000818 NM_001134366

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000818
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000818
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000818

Additional cDNA sequence:

AJ251501.1 AK127375.1 BC029517.1 BC126327.1 BC126329.1 M74826.1 M81882.1 X69936.1

7 DOTS entries:

DT.100030691 DT.97813086 DT.309213 DT.40106160 DT.99992369 DT.95271608 DT.97803322

24/72 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 72 ):

AJ251501 BQ270007 AW593824 CA867379 BQ631948 BC029517 BM129659 CA868327

CA866890 BU947707 CA773573 BQ632241 BQ286666 BQ271116 BQ271408 CK902513

BM129726 BQ288018 CA841672 CA868081 CA866626 BM352037 AW196241 BI603771

highest scoring ESTs for GAD2:

M74826 BE673867 BM875372 CA943538 M81882 N34329 AJ251501 AW025935 BE327598 BI466995

Unigene Cluster for GAD2:

Glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, 65kDa)

Hs.231829 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_000818

GeneLoc Exon Structure

3 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000259271 ENST00000376261 ENST00000376248

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
About This Section

GAD2 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for GAD2

¹ / ² / ³

11 probe-sets matching GAD2 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
73736_r_at²^{, 3}	U95-D	1	1.00	1.00	-0.07	0.91	AW025935	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
32280_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.56	0.27	M81882	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
32279_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.98	1.12	M74826	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
206780_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_000818	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
216651_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	X69936	0.40	1.00	0.76	1
211264_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	M81882	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
243265_at²^{, 3}	U133-B	1	0.91	1.00	--	--	AW444497	0.20	1.00	0.72	1
206780_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
216651_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
211264_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
243265_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.91	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks GAD2 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: TGGCAACCTG

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.231829
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for GAD2

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for GAD2 gene from 5/8 species (see all 8 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	GAD2¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, more	92.02(n) 96.24(a)	487107 XM_544235.2 XP_544235.2
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	GAD2¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, more	99.32(n) 99.66(a)	466026 XM_001157825.1 XP_001157825.1
cow (Bos taurus)	GAD2¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 2 (pancreatic islets and brain, more	91.74(n) 96.07(a)	512459 XM_589979.3 XP_589979.2
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Gad2¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 2	89.12(n) 96.07(a)	24380 NM_012563.1 NP_036695.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Gad2^{1, 5}	2 (9.00 cM)⁵	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2^{1, 5}	90.09(n)¹ 95.73(a)¹	14417¹ NM_008078.2¹ NP_032104.2¹ AB032757⁵ AF326549⁵ (see all 18)

About this table Species with no ortholog for GAD2

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GAD2

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for GAD2 gene

GAD1² GADL1² CSAD²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/706 NCBI SNPs in GAD2 are shown (see all 706 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 320)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 10 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs2236418^1,2	A,C,F,H,O	26545502(+)	`TTTAAA/GGCTCC`	2	--	ut5¹		14	EA EU NS WA NA	2914
	rs2839670^1,2	A,C,F,H	26544346(+)	`CAGAAC/AGATTC`	1	--	ng5¹		21	EU EA NS WA NA	3538
	rs7090581^1,2	A,C,F,H	26544934(+)	`ACCAAG/AGCGCT`	1	--	ng5¹		5	NS EU EA WA	538
--	rs4749111^1,2	A,C,F	26633712(+)	`tttttT/Aaaaaa`	1	--	ng3¹		1	NS	178
	rs8190582^1,2	A,C,F	26543741(+)	`CCTGGA/TACAGA`	1	--	ng5¹ tfbs³		1	NS	176
	rs2839669^1,2	A,C,F	26543808(+)	`GTTTCC/TTGCTC`	1	--	ng5¹		8	EU NS	1044
--	rs4747553^1,2	A,C,F	26633880(+)	`TTTATC/TTGAAC`	1	--	ng3¹		4	NS NA	320
--	rs3758446^1,2	A,C,F	26544145(-)	`GCTGCC/TTTCCC`	1	--	ng5¹		1	NS	178
	rs7090727^1,2	A,C,F	26545041(+)	`AGGTCG/ACAGTG`	1	--	ng5¹ tfbs³		7	NS	654
	rs4749110^1,2	A,C,F	26633531(+)	`CTTATA/GGTGGA`	1	--	ng3¹		4	NS NA	320

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for GAD2 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

OMIM: 138275

10/39 Novoseek disease relationships for GAD2 gene (see all 39 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
stiff-man syndrome	87.41	22	7519242 (2), 10753043 (2), 8904930 (2), 14610143 (2) (see all 16)
diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent	85.94	55	8486775 (3), 7519242 (2), 10596966 (2), 8904930 (2) (see all 45)
diabetes autoimmune	83.62	23	16734550 (1), 18706702 (1), 12021124 (1), 18487477 (1) (see all 19)
autoimmunity	79.96	34	16970217 (2), 7532577 (2), 8779696 (2), 10868936 (2) (see all 28)
autoimmune response	66.29	13	7519242 (1), 17130560 (1), 18706702 (1), 19120313 (1) (see all 12)
autoimmune syndrome type ii polyglandular	65.39	6	7578849 (3), 12296864 (1)
coxsackie virus	65.29	8	9498628 (2), 9153283 (1), 9084973 (1), 12021098 (1) (see all 6)
autoimmune diseases	65.19	14	9253351 (2), 11756577 (1), 10330300 (1), 15498046 (1) (see all 12)
enterovirus infections	61.22	3	15170642 (1), 10459165 (1)
mimicry	59.06	13	9498628 (3), 9645372 (2), 12021103 (2), 11274421 (1) (see all 9)

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Human Gene Mutation Database: GAD2
Genetic Association Database: GAD2
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: GAD2 (18 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/387 PubMed articles for GAD2 gene (see all 387 ):

Differential expression of GAD65 and GAD67 in human, rat, and mouse pancreatic islets. (PubMed id 8243826)^{1, 3, 4} Kim J.... Baekkeskov S. (1993)
Is glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) a genetic link between low birth weight and subsequent development of obesity in children? (PubMed id 15671113)^{1, 3, 6} Meyre D....Froguel P. (2005)
The exon-intron organization of the genes (GAD1 and GAD2) encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GAD67 and GAD65) suggests that they derive from a common ancestral GAD. (PubMed id 8088791)^{1, 3, 4} Bu D.-F. and Tobin A.J. (1994)
Cloning and primary structure of a human islet isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from chromosome 10. (PubMed id 1924293)^{1, 3, 4} Karlsen A.E....Lernmark A. (1991)
Lack of support for the association between GAD2 polymorphisms and severe human obesity. (PubMed id 16122350)^{1, 3, 6} Swarbrick M.M....Vaisse C. (2005)
A combination of three distinct trafficking signals mediates axonal targeting and presynaptic clustering of GAD65. (PubMed id 12356867)^{1, 3, 4} Kanaani J.... Baekkeskov S. (2002)
A comprehensive, statistically powered analysis of GAD2 in type 1 diabetes. (PubMed id 12196483)^{1, 3, 6} Johnson G.C....Todd J.A. (2002)
Polymorphisms in glutamate decarboxylase genes: analysis in schizophrenia. (PubMed id 15091314)^{1, 3, 6} De Luca V....Kennedy J.L. (2004)
Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. (PubMed id 1549570)^{1, 3, 4} Bu D.-F.... Tobin A.J. (1992)
GABA production by glutamic acid decarboxylase is regulated by a dynamic catalytic loop. (PubMed id 17384644)^{1, 3, 4} Fenalti G....Whisstock J.C. (2007)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
	(Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 2572	HGNC: 4093	AceView: GAD2	Ensembl:ENSG00000136750	euGenes: HUgn2572
ECgene: GAD2	H-InvDB: GAD2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/gad2/

Licensable Technologies for GAD2
(Available from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts)

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Millipore, Abnova, and/or Invitrogen, Clones available from OriGene,and/or Invitrogen, Drugs and/or compounds by Sigma-Aldrich,
Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Tocris Bioscience)
About This Section

Products for GAD2:

TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays

TaqMan ® Genotyping Assays

Free SNP selection tool

Invitrogen iPath Pathways	Invitrogen BLOCK-iT™ RNAi
Invitrogen Antibodies	Invitrogen Assays
Invitrogen Clones	Invitrogen Q-PCR Products
Invitrogen Human Recombinant Kinases	Invitrogen Custom Antibody and Peptide Service
Invitrogen Proteins / Assays / Screening Services	Search Invitrogen catalog for GAD2-related products

	Millipore Custom Antibody & Bulk Services
	Millipore Preclinical / Clinical Development Services
	Millipore Immunoassay Services
	Millipore Target Screening & Profiling Services

	Predesigned and custom siRNAs for GAD2		Antibodies for GAD2
	Explore super-pooled esiRNAs		Browse proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Lentivirus-delivered shRNAs for GAD2		Small molecules for GAD2
	"Your Favorite Gene" Pathways		feedback

	Antibodies		Primer Pairs
	Cell Culture Products		ELISAs
	Flow Cytometry Kits		Protease Activity Assays & Reagents
	Cell Selection/Detection Kits & Reagents		ELISA/Assay Development Kits & Reagents
	Multiplex/Array Assay Kits & Reagents		ELISpot Kits & Development Modules
	Recombinant & Natural Proteins

	Recombinant Proteins (GAD2)
	Antibodies (GAD2)
	Search for Chimera RNAi
	Custom Service for Mouse Mab
	Custom Service for Rabbit Pab from Full-length Protein

Antibodies & Assays for GAD2

	Recombinant Proteins (GAD65, GAD65 + GAD67)
	Antibodies (GAD65, GAD65 + GAD67)

Search OriGene for GAD2

Search Tocris compounds for GAD2

Search www.enzolifesicences.com for proteins, assays, substrates, inhibitors & antibodies

Antibodies for GAD2

GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 2 Jul 2009 Incremental update: 13 Oct 2009

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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

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GAD2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

Aliases &
Descriptions
for GAD2

Summaries
for GAD2

Genomic Location
for GAD2

Proteins
for GAD2

Protein Domains/
Families
for GAD2

Gene Function
for GAD2

Pathways & Interactions
for GAD2

Drugs & Compounds
for GAD2

Transcripts
for GAD2

Expression
for GAD2

Orthologs
for GAD2

Paralogs
for GAD2

SNPs/Variants
for GAD2

Disorders & Mutations
for GAD2

Medical News
for GAD2

Publications
for GAD2

Search for GAD2

Genome Databases showing GAD2

Other Databases showing GAD2

Specialized Databases showing GAD2

Licensable Technologies
for GAD2

Services
for GAD2

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

GAD2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 65

Aliases & Descriptionsfor GAD2

Summariesfor GAD2

Genomic Locationfor GAD2

Proteinsfor GAD2

Protein Domains/Familiesfor GAD2

Gene Functionfor GAD2

Pathways & Interactionsfor GAD2

Drugs & Compoundsfor GAD2

Transcriptsfor GAD2

Expression for GAD2

Orthologsfor GAD2

Paralogsfor GAD2

SNPs/Variantsfor GAD2

Disorders & Mutationsfor GAD2

Medical Newsfor GAD2

Publicationsfor GAD2

Search for GAD2

Genome Databases showing GAD2

Other Databases showing GAD2

Specialized Databases showing GAD2

Licensable Technologiesfor GAD2

Servicesfor GAD2

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for GAD2

Summaries
for GAD2

Genomic Location
for GAD2

Proteins
for GAD2

Protein Domains/
Families
for GAD2

Gene Function
for GAD2

Pathways & Interactions
for GAD2

Drugs & Compounds
for GAD2

Transcripts
for GAD2

Expression
for GAD2

Orthologs
for GAD2

Paralogs
for GAD2

SNPs/Variants
for GAD2

Disorders & Mutations
for GAD2

Medical News
for GAD2

Publications
for GAD2

Licensable Technologies
for GAD2

Services
for GAD2