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GAD1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66

GC02P171381

glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)
(Previous names: glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kD) )
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database
(Previous symbol: GAD)

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
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Aliases
EC 4.1.1.15 ^³
FLJ45882 ^²
GAD ^², ³
GAD-67 ^³
GAD67 ^³
OTTHUMP00000041055 ^²
SCP ^², ⁵

Descriptions
67 kDa glutamic acid decarboxylase ^³
Glutamate decarboxylase 67 kDa isoform ^³
glutamate decarboxylase 1 ^²
glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kD) ^¹, ²
glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa) ^²

External Ids
HGNC: 4092¹
Entrez Gene: 2571²
UniProtKB: Q99259³
Ensembl: ENSG00000128683⁷

Search outside databases for aliases for GAD1 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC02P169724 GC02P170214 GC02P171637 GC02P171875 GC02P171498

(According to Entrez Gene, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

EntrezGene summary for GAD1:

This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major

autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the

production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has

been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantigen and an

autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the

stiff man syndrome. Deficiency in this enzyme has been shown to lead to pyridoxine dependency with

seizures. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two products, the predominant 67-kD form

and a less-frequent 25-kD form. [provided by RefSeq]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE1_HUMAN, Q99259

Function: Catalyzes the production of GABA

Gene Wiki entry for GAD1

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 36),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl, Transcription factor binding sites according to SABiosciences)
About This Section

Genomic View:

UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Transcription factor binding sites upstream to the GAD1 gene

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 2q31 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 2q31.1 HGNC cytogenetic band: 2q31

GAD1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 2 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC02P171381: (about GC identifiers)

Start:	171,381,446 bp from pter
End:	171,425,907 bp from pter
Size:	44,462 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000002.10 NT_005403.16

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene and/or, Abcam,
Biochemical Assays by Invitrogen, Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Invitrogen, Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Abnova, and/or Novus Biologicals)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE1_HUMAN, Q99259 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Glutamate decarboxylase 1

Size: 594 amino acids; 66897 Da

Cofactor: Pyridoxal phosphate

Subunit: Homodimer

PDB structures from and Proteopedia :

2OKJ (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q9BU91 Q9UHH4

Alternative splicing: 3 isoforms: Q99259-1 Q99259-2 Q99259-3

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_000808.2 NP_038473.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000350928 ENSP00000364422 ENSP00000364421 ENSP00000341167

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Browse Drug Discovery Central at Invitrogen for human recombinant proteins
	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at Millipore
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Recombinant Proteins from Abcam (GAD67, GAD65 + GAD67)
	Human Recombinant Proteins from Abnova (GAD1)

OriGene Purified Recombinant Human Protein: GAD1

2 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	IDA	10671565
GO:0012506	vesicle membrane	NAS	10671565

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Antibodies for GAD1:

	Browse Antibodies Central at Invitrogen
	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of GAD1
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for GAD1
	R&D Systems Antibodies for GAD1 (GAD1/GAD67)
	Antibodies from Abcam (GAD67, GAD65 + GAD67), each with their Abpromise^SM
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (GAD1)
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for GAD1

Assays for GAD1:

	Browse Invitrogen for biochemical assays
	Millipore Kits and Assays for the Analysis of GAD1
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse biochemical assays available from Enzo Life Sciences

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q99259

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q99259

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE1_HUMAN, Q99259

Similarity: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family

(According to MGI Jun 06 2009, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Sigma-Aldrich,
RNAi Products, Clones, and Q-PCR Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, OriGene, and/or Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, SYBR primers from OriGene, Cell-based Assays from Millipore, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GAD1)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (GAD1)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_013445

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for GAD1

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for GAD1

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for GAD1

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Invitrogen Clones for GAD1
		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore

OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000817
Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000817
untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000817

Primers:

Browse Quantitative PCR Central at Invitrogen for Q-PCR LUX™ Primers

OriGene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: NM_000817

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE1_HUMAN, Q99259

Function: Catalyzes the production of GABA

Catalytic activity: L-glutamate = 4-aminobutanoate + CO(2)

Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 4.1.1.15

Genatlas biochemistry entry for GAD1:

glutamate decarboxylase 1,brain,67kDa,extramitochondrial,GABA formation,autoantigen in stiff man

syndrome,in women affected by breast cancer

14 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 8 alleles) (MGI details for Gad1):

behavior/neurological	craniofacial	digestive/alimentary	embryogenesis	endocrine/exocrine gland
growth/size	homeostasis/metabolism	lethality-prenatal/perinatal	life span-post-weaning/aging	nervous system
no phenotypic analysis	normal	respiratory system	skeleton

4 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0004351	glutamate decarboxylase activity	IDA	10671565
GO:0005515	protein binding	IPI	10671565
GO:0016829	lyase activity	IEA	--
GO:0030170	pyridoxal phosphate binding	IEA	--

About this table

(Pathways according to Invitrogen (maps by GeneGo), Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, KEGG and/or UniProtKB,
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Apr 2009 via Entrez Gene.)
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5/7 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for GAD1 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity) (see all 7 )

&beta
Alanine and Aspartate Metabolism
Glutamate Metabolism
Type I Diabetes Mellitus Signaling
Taurine and Hypotaurine Metabolism

GeneDecks GAD1 for the pathways selected above

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5/83 Interacting proteins for GAD1 (Q99259¹ ENSP00000350928³) via UniProtKB, MINT, and/or STRING (see all 83 )

Interactant		Interaction Details
GeneCard	External ID(s)	Interaction Details
ABL1	P00519¹	EBI-743184, EBI-375543
FYN	P06241¹	EBI-743184, EBI-515315
GRB2	P62993¹	EBI-743184, EBI-401755
NCK1	P16333¹	EBI-743184, EBI-389883
ABAT	ENSP00000268251³	STRING (score=.982)

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5 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (links to tree view):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0006540	glutamate decarboxylation to succinate	TAS	1549570
GO:0007268	synaptic transmission	TAS	8954991
GO:0018352	protein-pyridoxal-5-phosphate linkage	TAS	10671565
GO:0019752	carboxylic acid metabolic process	IEA	--
GO:0042136	neurotransmitter biosynthetic process	IEA	--

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(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
About This Section

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for GAD1:

Inhibitor

Browse Tocris compounds for GAD1
10/32 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for GAD1 gene (see all 32 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
c-peptide	71.41	12	9781622 (1), 9838990 (1), 12017227 (1), 11372396 (1) (see all 10)
succinic semialdehyde	63.88	5	18846220 (1), 15642443 (1), 8920949 (1), 7584821 (1) (see all 5)
cysteine sulfinic acid	53.12	4	8912862 (1), 15070923 (1), 18047830 (1)
tyrosine	42.05	38	9670839 (2), 9703171 (1), 11095106 (1), 11113579 (1) (see all 36)
atpa	32.57	2	11602227 (1), 15450782 (1)
quinolinic acid	27.32	2	9171158 (2)
glucose	18.31	21	1464667 (3), 11980365 (2), 8504767 (1), 10663218 (1) (see all 12)
oligonucleotide	5.54	2	8744244 (1)
potassium	4.99	8	16344514 (1), 16870397 (1), 17918010 (1), 19356697 (1) (see all 7)
hydrogen	2.09	1	15932974 (1)

About this table

(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 219 Homo sapiens; Jun 2 2009) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Invitrogen, Millipore, and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

Inhib. RNA:		Invitrogen RNAi Products for gene knock-down (GAD1)
		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (GAD1)

OriGene 29mer shRNA kit in GFP-retroviral vectors (see all 2): NM_013445

Sigma-Aldrich siRNA and siRNA Panels for GAD1

Sigma-Aldrich shRNA for GAD1

Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs:

NM_000817 NM_013445

REFSEQ mRNAs for GAD1 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_000817.2 NM_013445.3

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000817 NM_013445

               OriGene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000817
                                 Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000817
                                 untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): NM_000817

Additional cDNA sequence:

AF178853.2 AK123534.1 AK127781.1 AK292582.1 AK307460.1 BC002815.2 BC026349.1 BC036552.1

BC037780.2 L16888.1 M55574.1 M70434.1 M70435.1 M81883.1 S61897.1 S61898.1

Z22750.1

20 DOTS entries:

DT.97795578 DT.315676 DT.91772737 DT.121034970 DT.315677 DT.95295417 DT.101979988 DT.121034960

DT.95250497 DT.121034934 DT.101956985 DT.121034931 DT.121034969 DT.95255621 DT.121034936 DT.121034946

DT.92421576 DT.95366425 DT.99940654 DT.95219160

24/92 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 92 ):

AA211056 F09215 F11556 AI391572 F06039 BU730934 BM662447 BG427770

AI087804 F03699 BC002815 CD013939 AI362721 BC036552 BM708589 N50036

NM_000817 AI955485 AA774161 AA885472 N48810 T28811 AA322463 BI599082

highest scoring ESTs for GAD1:

M81883 AA018457 AA018504 AA211056 AA774161 AA885472 AA890623 AI087804 AI362721 AI459724

Unigene Cluster for GAD1:

Glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)

Hs.420036 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: BC036552

GeneLoc Exon Structure

5/13 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for GAD1 (see all 13 )

ExUns:	1	^	2a	·	2b	·	2c	·	2d	^	3	^	4	^	5a	·	5b	·	5c	^	6a	·	6b	^	7a	·	7b	^	8a	·	8b	·	8c	^	9	^	10	^	11a	·	11b	^	12a	·	12b	^	13	^	14	^	15	^
SP1:											-		-		-		-								-												-		-				-
SP2:																									-												-		-				-
SP3:																									-												-		-		-		-
SP4:											-		-		-		-								-
SP5:																																											-

ExUns:	16	^	17a	·	17b	·	17c	^	18a	·	18b	^	19	^	20	^	21	^	22a	·	22b	·	22c
SP1:	-		-						-
SP2:			-						-
SP3:	-		-						-
SP4:
SP5:	-		-

About this scheme

ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for GAD1

4 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations:

ENST00000358196 ENST00000375273 ENST00000375272 ENST00000344257

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 219 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems )
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GAD1 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for GAD1

¹ / ² / ³

8 probe-sets matching GAD1 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
37183_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	1.00	1.00	0.98	1.00	M81883	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
84447_at²^{, 3}	U95-E	1	1.00	1.00	0.91	1.02	AA890623	0.80	1.00	0.91	1
206669_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_013445	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
206670_s_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_013445	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
205278_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	NM_000817	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
206669_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
206670_s_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--
205278_at²	U133Plus2	1	1.00	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

GeneDecks GAD1 for binary patterns associated with the probe-sets selected above

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Data from

(Publications) and GNF BioGPS
About these images
About these images

CGAP SAGE TAG: GAGAATTTGA

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.420036
Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for GAD1
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE1_HUMAN, Q99259
Tissue specificity: Isoform 3 is expressed in pancreatic islets, testis, adrenal cortex, and
perhaps other endocrine tissues, but not in brain

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI Jun 06 2009, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
About This Section

Orthologs for GAD1 gene from 5/16 species (see all 16 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
dog (Canis familiaris)	GAD1¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)	93.72(n) 97.98(a)	478794 XM_535958.2 XP_535958.2
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	GAD1¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)	99.44(n) 99.49(a)	468557 NM_001034113.1 NP_001029285.1
cow (Bos taurus)	GAD1¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 1 (brain, 67kDa)	92.82(n) 97.98(a)	517552 NM_001075756.1 NP_001069224.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Gad1¹	--	glutamate decarboxylase 1	90.89(n) 97.3(a)	24379 NM_017007.1 NP_058703.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Gad1^{1, 5}	2 (43.00 cM)⁵	glutamic acid decarboxylase 1^{1, 5}	91.4(n)¹ 97.3(a)¹	14415¹ NM_008077.3¹ NP_032103.2¹ AF326547⁵ AF326548⁵ (see all 21)

About this table Species with no ortholog for GAD1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for GAD1

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for GAD1 gene

GADL1² CSAD² GAD2²

(According to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
About This Section

10/350 NCBI SNPs in GAD1 are shown (see all 350 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 129)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 2 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
	rs769395^1,2	A,C,F,H,O	171425049(-)	`TCCCTC/TGGCCC`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		16	NA EA EU WA NS	1506
	rs3762555^1,2	A,C,F,H	171380641(-)	`GAGACC/GGAGAG`	2	--	ng5¹ tfbs³		5	EU EA WA NS	586
	rs3762556^1,2	A,C,F,H	171380324(-)	`TCAGCG/CGAGGC`	2	--	ng5¹ tfbs³		11	EU EA WA NS	1016
	rs769399^1,2	C,F,H	171425646(+)	`CTGTAC/TGTCTG`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		11	NA MN EU EA WA NS	1296
	rs3749034^1,2	C,F,H	171381721(-)	`ACAGGC/TGTAAT`	2	--	ut5¹ ese³		14	EA MN EU WA NS	3288
	rs769402^1,2	C,F,H	171423633(+)	`ACGACG/AGGAAA`	1	Q/R	mis¹		18	NA MN EU EA WA NS	1880
	rs769406^1,2	C,F,H	171424705(+)	`CCTCTA/GTATGT`	1	--	ut3¹ ese³		7	NA MN EU EA WA NS	854
	rs3749035^1,2	A,C,F	171381026(-)	`CCCCAT/GCAAAG`	2	--	ng5¹		9	MN EA NS	2082
	rs769403^1,2	C,F,H	171421781(+)	`CACAGT/GGGGAT`	1	G/V	mis¹ ese³		9	NA EU EA WA	922
	rs872124^1,2	C,F,H	171379883(-)	`CCATCC/TACCGG`	2	--	ng5¹		11	EU EA WA NS	1246

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for GAD1 (up to first 250kb)

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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OMIM: 605363 disorders: 603513

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DCE1_HUMAN, Q99259

Defects in GAD1 are the cause of autosomal recessive symmetric spastic cerebral palsy

(SCP) [MIM:603513]. Cerebral palsy (CP) is an heterogeneous group of neurological disorders of

movement and/or posture, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 250 to 1'000 live births, making CP

one the commonest congenital disabilities. Non-progressive forms of symmetrical, spastic CP have

been identified, which show a Mendelian autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Patients

present developmental delay, mental retardation and sometimes epilepsy as part of the phenotype

10/76 Novoseek disease relationships for GAD1 gene (see all 76 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
stiff-man syndrome	93.89	54	15210535 (3), 2135382 (2), 7505244 (2), 8904930 (2) (see all 42)
diabetes mellitus insulin-dependent	86.06	104	8904930 (3), 2135382 (2), 7578849 (2), 1812896 (2) (see all 92)
diabetes autoimmune	75.27	7	12530520 (2), 9609368 (1), 12515288 (1), 19046207 (1)
autoimmunity	74.46	68	7926297 (4), 10588452 (2), 15111674 (2), 7532577 (2) (see all 45)
autoimmune diseases	61.20	28	2135382 (1), 7578849 (1), 9054945 (1), 10594551 (1) (see all 25)
autoimmune response	59.12	17	8816970 (1), 7840855 (1), 8245784 (1), 8579720 (1) (see all 12)
schizophrenia	55.90	92	16513879 (7), 18335162 (6), 15114630 (5), 15806582 (4) (see all 35)
diabetic ketoacidosis	52.41	2	8194658 (1), 11161135 (1)
coxsackie virus	51.05	1	15620115 (1)
neurological disorders	50.34	11	17579580 (2), 8979623 (1), 18514483 (1), 8004482 (1) (see all 9)

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Human Gene Mutation Database: GAD1
Genetic Association Database: GAD1
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: GAD1 (16 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/532 PubMed articles for GAD1 gene (see all 532 ):

Two human glutamate decarboxylases, 65-kDa GAD and 67-kDa GAD, are each encoded by a single gene. (PubMed id 1549570)^{1, 2, 3, 4} Bu D.-F.... Tobin A.J. (1992)
The exon-intron organization of the genes (GAD1 and GAD2) encoding two human glutamate decarboxylases (GAD67 and GAD65) suggests that they derive from a common ancestral GAD. (PubMed id 8088791)^{1, 3, 4} Bu D.-F. and Tobin A.J. (1994)
Expression of the neurotransmitter-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase in male germ cells. (PubMed id 1697032)^{1, 3, 4} Persson H.... Ritzen E.M. (1990)
Nucleotide sequence and chromosomal assignment of a cDNA encoding the large isoform of human glutamate decarboxylase. (PubMed id 1339255)^{1, 3, 4} Kelly C.D.... Carter N.D. (1992)
Molecular cloning of full-length glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 from human pancreas and islets. (PubMed id 8507202)^{1, 3, 4} Yamashita K.... Harrison L.C. (1993)
Polymorphisms in glutamate decarboxylase genes: analysis in schizophrenia. (PubMed id 15091314)^{1, 3, 6} De Luca V....Kennedy J.L. (2004)
GABA production by glutamic acid decarboxylase is regulated by a dynamic catalytic loop. (PubMed id 17384644)^{1, 3, 4} Fenalti G....Whisstock J.C. (2007)
Homozygosity for a missense mutation in the 67 kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase in a family with autosomal recessive spastic cerebral palsy: parallels with Stiff-Person Syndrome and other movement disorders. (PubMed id 15571623)^{1, 3, 4} Lynex C.N.... Markham A.F. (2004)
Mutation screen of the glutamate decarboxylase-67 gene and haplotype association to unipolar depression. (PubMed id 14681921)^{1, 3, 6} Lappalainen J....Gelernter J. (2004)
Cloning and expression of large isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase from human pancreatic islet. (PubMed id 8507203)^{1, 3, 4} Kawasaki E.... Miyamoto T. (1993)

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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 2571	HGNC: 4092	AceView: GAD1	Ensembl:ENSG00000128683	euGenes: HUgn2571
ECgene: GAD1	H-InvDB: GAD1

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Name	Description
NIEHS-SNPs	http://egp.gs.washington.edu/data/gad1/
Wikipedia	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate_decarboxylase

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(Reagents available from Applied Biosystems, Antibodies and assays by Cell Signaling Technology, Abcam, Novus Biologicals,
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GAD1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66

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for GAD1

Proteins
for GAD1

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for GAD1

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for GAD1

Pathways & Interactions
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Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

GAD1 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 66

Aliases & Descriptionsfor GAD1

Summariesfor GAD1

Genomic Locationfor GAD1

Proteinsfor GAD1

Protein Domains/Familiesfor GAD1

Gene Functionfor GAD1

Pathways & Interactionsfor GAD1

Drugs & Compoundsfor GAD1

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Expression for GAD1

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Paralogsfor GAD1

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Disorders & Mutationsfor GAD1

Medical Newsfor GAD1

Publicationsfor GAD1

Search for GAD1

Genome Databases showing GAD1

Other Databases showing GAD1

Specialized Databases showing GAD1

Licensable Technologiesfor GAD1

Servicesfor GAD1

Gene Index: 3 5 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Aliases &
Descriptions
for GAD1

Summaries
for GAD1

Genomic Location
for GAD1

Proteins
for GAD1

Protein Domains/
Families
for GAD1

Gene Function
for GAD1

Pathways & Interactions
for GAD1

Drugs & Compounds
for GAD1

Transcripts
for GAD1

Expression
for GAD1

Orthologs
for GAD1

Paralogs
for GAD1

SNPs/Variants
for GAD1

Disorders & Mutations
for GAD1

Medical News
for GAD1

Publications
for GAD1

Licensable Technologies
for GAD1

Services
for GAD1