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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

FOLH1 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 70
GCID: GC11M049168

folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1


(Previous symbol: FOLH)
 Explore 47 diseases affiliated with
FOLH1 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for FOLH1    

Aliases
for FOLH1 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Folate Hydrolase (Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen) 11 2     Pteroylpoly-Gamma-Glutamate Carboxypeptidase2 3
FOLH1 2 3 5     FGCP2 3
PSM1 2 3 5     MGCP1
PSMA1 2 3 5     N-Acetylated-Alpha-Linked Acidic Dipeptidase I2 3
GCPII1 2 3     NAALADase I2 3
NAALAD11 2 3     EC 3.4.17.213 8
GCP21 2     Glutamate Carboxylase II2
NAALAdase1 2     Glutamate Carboxypeptidase 22
Cell Growth-Inhibiting Gene 27 Protein2 3     N-Acetylated Alpha-Linked Acidic Dipeptidase 12
Folylpoly-Gamma-Glutamate Carboxypeptidase2 3     Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Variant F2
Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II2 3     Folate Hydrolase 13
Membrane Glutamate Carboxypeptidase2 3     Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen3

External Ids:    HGNC: 37881   Entrez Gene: 23462   Ensembl: ENSG000000862057   OMIM: 6009345   UniProtKB: Q046093   

Export aliases for FOLH1 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11M051274 GC11M050361 GC11M049199 GC11M049132 GC11M049124 GC11M048888


Summaries
for FOLH1 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for FOLH1:
This gene encodes a type II transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the M28 peptidase family. The protein acts as a
glutamate carboxypeptidase on different alternative substrates, including the nutrient folate and the neuropeptide
N-acetyl-l-aspartyl-l-glutamate and is expressed in a number of tissues such as prostate, central and peripheral
nervous system and kidney. A mutation in this gene may be associated with impaired intestinal absorption of dietary
folates, resulting in low blood folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia. Expression of this protein in the
brain may be involved in a number of pathological conditions associated with glutamate excitotoxicity. In the prostate
the protein is up-regulated in cancerous cells and is used as an effective diagnostic and prognostic indicator of
prostate cancer. This gene likely arose from a duplication event of a nearby chromosomal region. Alternative splicing
gives rise to multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms. (provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FOLH1_HUMAN, Q04609
Function: Has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. Has a
preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. In the intestine, required for the uptake of folate. In the brain,
modulates excitatory neurotransmission through the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide, N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG),
thereby releasing glutamate. Isoform PSM-4 and isoform PSM-5 would appear to be physiologically irrelevant. Involved
in prostate tumor progression
Function: Also exhibits a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV type activity. In vitro, cleaves Gly-Pro-AMC

Gene Wiki entry for FOLH1 (Glutamate carboxypeptidase II)


Genomic Views
for FOLH1 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000011.9  NC_018922.1  NT_009237.18  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the FOLH1 gene promoter:
         AP-2alpha isoform 3   AML1a   AP-2alpha isoform 4   AP-2alpha isoform 2   AP-2alpha   AP-2alphaA   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: FOLH1 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for FOLH1

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat FOLH1


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p11.2   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  11p11.12   HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p11.2

FOLH1 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
FOLH1 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11M049168:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 49,168,187 bp from pter      End:
 49,230,222 bp from pter
Size:
 62,036 bases      Orientation:
 minus strand

Proteins
for FOLH1 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FOLH1_HUMAN, Q04609 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2  
Size: 750 amino acids; 84331 Da
Cofactor: Binds 2 zinc ions per subunit. Required for NAALADase activity
Subunit: Homodimer
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein
Subcellular location: Isoform PSMA': Cytoplasm
Miscellaneous: PSMA is used as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator of prostate cancer, and as a possible marker for
various neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease and Huntington disease
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAF31167.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;
6/29 PDB 3D structures from and Proteopedia for FOLH1 (see all 29):
1Z8L (3D)        2C6C (3D)        2C6G (3D)        2C6P (3D)        2CIJ (3D)        2JBJ (3D)    
Secondary accessions: A4UU12 A9CB79 B7Z312 B7Z343 D3DQS5 E9PDX8 O43748 Q16305 Q541A4 Q8TAY3 Q9NP15
Q9NYE2 Q9P1P8
Alternative splicing: 8 isoforms:  Q04609-1   Q04609-3   Q04609-4   Q04609-6   Q04609-7   Q04609-8   Q04609-9   Q04609-10   
(No experimental confirmation available. Incomplete sequence)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for FOLH1: NX_Q04609

Post-translational modifications:

  • The first two amino acids at the N-terminus of isoform PSMA' appear to be cleaved by limited proteolysis1
  • The N-terminus is blocked1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q04609

    • 4/6 DME Specific Peptides for FOLH1 (Q04609) (see all 6)
     SFDSLFSAV  ILYSDPADYF  LERAFIDPLGLP  EPDRYVILGGHRD 

    FOLH1 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NP_001014986.1  NP_001180400.1  NP_001180401.1  NP_001180402.1  NP_004467.1  

    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000256999   ENSP00000349129   ENSP00000434928   ENSP00000344131   ENSP00000431463  
     ENSP00000436569   ENSP00000431577   ENSP00000431263   ENSP00000344086  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate (see all 4): FOLH1
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    Novus Biologicals FOLH1 Proteins
    Novus Biologicals FOLH1 Lysates
    Sino Biological Recombinant Protein for FOLH1
    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for FOLH1
    Uscn Proteins for FOLH1

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/6 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 6):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005624membrane fraction ----
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane IEA--
    GO:0016020membrane NAS9375657


    FOLH1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    FOLH1 Antibody Products: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for FOLH1

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for FOLH1 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    FOLH1 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    3 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR007365 TFR-like_dimer_dom
     IPR007484 Peptidase_M28
     IPR003137 Protease-assoc_domain

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q04609

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q04609

    3 Blocks protein families:
    IPB003137 Protease-associated PA
    IPB007365 Transferrin receptor-like dimerisation domain
    IPB007484 Peptidase family M28


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FOLH1_HUMAN, Q04609
    Domain: The NAALADase activity is found in the central region, the dipeptidyl peptidase IV type activity in the
    C-terminal
    Similarity: Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28B subfamily


    Function
    for FOLH1 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FOLH1_HUMAN, Q04609
    Function: Has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. Has a
    preference for tri-alpha-glutamate peptides. In the intestine, required for the uptake of folate. In the brain,
    modulates excitatory neurotransmission through the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide, N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG),
    thereby releasing glutamate. Isoform PSM-4 and isoform PSM-5 would appear to be physiologically irrelevant. Involved
    in prostate tumor progression
    Function: Also exhibits a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV type activity. In vitro, cleaves Gly-Pro-AMC
    Catalytic activity: Release of an unsubstituted, C-terminal glutamyl residue, typically from Ac-Asp-Glu or
    folylpoly-gamma-glutamates
    Enzyme regulation: The NAALADase activity is inhibited by beta-NAAG, quisqualic acid, 2-(phosphonomethyl) pentanedioic
    acid (PMPA) and EDTA. Activated by cobalt
    Biophysicochemical properties: pH dependence: Stable at pH greater than 6.5;
    Induction: In the prostate, up-regulated in response to androgen deprivation

    Enzyme Number (IUBMB): EC 3.4.17.211 2

    miRNA
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    Inhib. RNA
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    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for FOLH1 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: FOLH1
    OriGene siRNA: FOLH1
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat FOLH1

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for FOLH1

    Clone
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    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for FOLH1

    In Situ Assay
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 5 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0004180carboxypeptidase activity IEA--
    GO:0008233peptidase activity NAS9375657
    GO:0008237metallopeptidase activity IEA--
    GO:0016805dipeptidase activity IEA--
    GO:0046872metal ion binding IEA--


    FOLH1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Folh1tm1Nle for FOLH1
         4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 1 allele) (MGI details for Folh1):
     behavior/neurological  cardiovascular system  homeostasis/metabolism  nervous system 

    FOLH1 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for FOLH1 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways  About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Vitamin digestion and absorption
    		Vitamin digestion and absorption1.00
    2One Carbon Metabolism
    		One Carbon Metabolism1.00
    3Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors)
    		Synaptic Neurotransmission: Glutamatergic Excitation0.33

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    1 R&D Systems Pathway for FOLH1
        Synaptic Neurotransmission: Glutamatergic Excitation


    1 BioSystems Pathway for FOLH1 
        One Carbon Metabolism


    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for FOLH1):
        Vitamin digestion and absorption


    FOLH1 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for FOLH1

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 3 interactants - click image to see more details)

    4 Interacting proteins for FOLH1 (Q046092, 3 ENSP000002569994) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    MMEP084733, ENSP000003536794I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000353679
    MTAPENSP000003695194STRING: ENSP00000369519
    RPS3ENSP000002785724STRING: ENSP00000278572
    --P310162MINT-8105797
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0006508proteolysis NAS9375657
    GO:0006760folic acid-containing compound metabolic process IEA--


    FOLH1 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for FOLH1 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    FOLH1 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Compounds for FOLH1 available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    PMPA (NAALADase inhibitor)GCP II inhibitor[173039-10-6]
    ZJ 43 Glutamate carboxypeptidase II and III (NAALADase, NAAG peptidase) inhibitor [723331-20-2]

    2 HMDB Compounds for FOLH1    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    CobaltCo (see all 6)7440-48-4--
    L-Glutamic acid(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioate (see all 49)56-86-0--

    4 DrugBank Compounds for FOLH1    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    CapromabCapromab pendetide (see all 3)145464-28-4targetother/unknown11752352 9508077 11016653 9792131 15882479
    L-Glutamic Acid(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid (see all 15)56-86-0target--15837926 15336276 17139284 17016423 11916141
    (2S)-2-{[HYDROXY(4-IODOBENZYL)PHOSPHORYL]METHYL}PENTANEDIOIC ACID-- --target--10592235
    N-({(1R)-1-carboxy-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)-L-glutamic acid-- --target--10592235

    10/41 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for FOLH1 gene (see all 41)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    naag 93.7 109 7575102 (6), 10991955 (5), 12213057 (4), 12358725 (4) (see all 41)
    n-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate 93.3 48 17150306 (2), 10861758 (2), 9622670 (2), 11102961 (2) (see all 27)
    prostascint 90.3 18 9397201 (3), 15882479 (1), 15225091 (1), 9792131 (1) (see all 10)
    pmsa 72.1 3 11432343 (1), 11170145 (1), 12750292 (1)
    glutamate 65.8 277 7575102 (6), 11905994 (5), 12826236 (5), 12213057 (4) (see all 93)
    l-serine o-sulfate 65.4 2 17567119 (1)
    folate 64.6 150 19830782 (7), 18974153 (5), 11210180 (3), 12949938 (3) (see all 39)
    pmpa 64.6 5 19706750 (2), 12213057 (1)
    n-acetylaspartate 62.3 36 7575102 (2), 9376025 (2), 12826236 (2), 9882712 (1) (see all 16)
    lutetium 53.9 1 16729907 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about FOLH1 

    Transcripts
    for FOLH1 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for FOLH1 gene (5 alternative transcripts): 
    NM_001014986.1  NM_001193471.1  NM_001193472.1  NM_001193473.1  NM_004476.1  

    Unigene Cluster for FOLH1:

    Folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane antigen) 1
    Hs.654487  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: NM_001193471
    14 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000458311(uc001ngx.3) ENST00000256999(uc001ngy.3 uc001ngz.3 uc009yma.3)
    ENST00000356696 ENST00000525826 ENST00000340334(uc009yly.3 uc009ylz.3 uc001nha.3)
    ENST00000533034 ENST00000532018 ENST00000525629 ENST00000526226 ENST00000529646
    ENST00000533510 ENST00000529117 ENST00000529648 ENST00000343844

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    Inhib. RNA
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    AB231784.1 AF176574.1 AF254357.1 AF254358.1 AJ007318.1 AK295368.1 AK295470.1 AK300532.1 
    AK312366.1 AY101595.1 BC025672.1 BC108719.1 DQ088979.1 EF488811.2 EF488812.1 M99487.1 
    S76978.1 

    12 DOTS entries:

    DT.443715  DT.100758065  DT.120728868  DT.120698266  DT.100758067  DT.120728886  DT.120728878  DT.120728891 
    DT.120728892  DT.40106202  DT.87078118  DT.91946447 

    24/89 AceView cDNA sequences (see all 89):

    M99487 CR619031 BX281833 AW000926 BC025672 AF254357 AI478207 CB216928 
    BX643466 BF438644 NM_004476 CA489536 CF147222 AY101595 CF146716 AJ007318 
    AF176574 BF475484 CA488428 BG194269 AL532691 CF135099 BQ708386 AF254358 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure

    5/6 Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for FOLH1 (see all 6)    About this scheme

    ExUns: 1a · 1b · 1c · 1d · 1e ^ 2a · 2b · 2c ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8a · 8b ^ 9
    SP1:                                -     -     -     -     -                             -                     
    SP2:                                -     -     -           -                                                   
    SP3:                                -     -     -     -     -           -     -           -                     
    SP4:                                -     -     -     -                                                         
    SP5:                                -                 -     -                                                   


    ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for FOLH1

    Expression
    for FOLH1 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    FOLH1 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: TCATCTATGC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    FOLH1 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    2 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    AdiposeVisceral White AdiposeVisceral White AdipocytesAdipose
    AdiposeVisceral White AdiposeAdipose
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization

    See FOLH1 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for FOLH1

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.654487

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FOLH1_HUMAN, Q04609
    Tissue specificity: Highly expressed in prostate epithelium. Detected in urinary bladder, kidney, testis, ovary,
    fallopian tube, breast, adrenal gland, liver, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon and brain (at protein level).
    Detected in the small intestine, brain, kidney, liver, spleen, colon, trachea, spinal cord and the capillary
    endothelium of a variety of tumors. Expressed specifically in jejunum brush border membranes. In the brain, highly
    expressed in the ventral striatum and brain stem. Also expressed in fetal liver and kidney. Isoform PSMA' is the most
    abundant form in normal prostate. Isoform PSMA-1 is the most abundant form in primary prostate tumors. Isoform PSMA-2
    is also found in normal prostate as well as in brain and liver. Isoform PSMA-9 is specifically expressed in prostate
    cancer

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    Orthologs
    for FOLH1 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

    Orthologs for FOLH1 gene from 7/18 species (see all 18)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves FOLH16
    		 Uncharacterized protein
    		 74(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 1(191910062-191935079)
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia FOLH16
    		 --
    		 71(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 3(198777909-198822283)
    tropical clawed frog
    (Xenopus tropicalis)    		 Amphibia Str.87392 Transcribed sequence with weak similarity to protein more 75.41(n)    141999532 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii zgc564292 similar to folate hydrolase (prostate-specific membrane more 73.83(n)   393247  BC049312.1 
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea C35C5.23   -- 32(a)   X(11573200-11580288)   --
    thale cress
    (Arabidopsis thaliana)    		 eudicotyledons AT4G076706
    AT5G197406
    (see all 3)    		 Peptidase M28 family protein
    (see all 3)    		 40(a)
    34(a)
    (see all 3)    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 3)    		 4(4462911-4464347)
    5(6673933-6676859)
    rice
    (Oryza sativa)    		 Liliopsida --
    --
    (see all 4)    		 glutamate carboxypeptidase 2, putative, expressed
    (see all 4)    		 33(a)
    32(a)
    (see all 4)    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    (see all 4)    		 1(31064077-31069104)
    1(30921725-30926382)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for FOLH1 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for FOLH1 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for FOLH1 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for FOLH1 gene
    NAALADL12  NAALADL22  TFRC2  TFR22  NAALAD22  
    4 SIMAP similar genes for FOLH1 using alignment to 6 protein entries:     FOLH1_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    FOLH1B    NAALAD2    NAALADL1    TFR2

    FOLH1 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    5/6 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for FOLH1 (see all 6)
    PGOHUM00000242409 PGOHUM00000242694 PGOHUM00000258597 PGOHUM00000258599 PGOHUM00000242852


    Genomic Variants
    for FOLH1 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FOLH1_HUMAN, Q04609
    Polymorphism: Genetic variation in FOLH1 may be associated with low folate levels and consequent hyperhomocysteinemia.
    This condition can result in increased risk of cardiovascular disease, neural tube defects, and cognitive deficits


    10/1232 NCBI SNPs in FOLH1 are shown (see all 1232)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 11 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs351488421,2
    		C,--48887127(+) TGTGG-/TTTTTT 1 -- int13Minor allele frequency- T:0.17NA CSA 6
    rs351603971,2
    		C--48907753(+) TTTTTT/-GCAAC 1 -- int11Minor allele frequency- -:0.50NA 2
    rs1387209411,2
    		--49167799(+) ATAATC/TATTTC 5 -- ds50010--------
    rs108392311,2
    		F,--49167952(+) CCAGTG/ATGCTC 5 -- ds50012Minor allele frequency- A:0.50NA 4
    rs27340001,2
    		O,--49168016(-) ATCAGC/GGAATC 5 -- ds50010--------
    rs1816683151,2
    		--49168072(+) TTAATA/GCTGAG 5 -- ds50010--------
    rs27339991,2
    		O,--49168084(-) GGAAAA/CATTTA 5 -- ds50010--------
    rs1863210201,2
    		--49168103(+) ATAACC/TTCTTA 5 -- ds50010--------
    rs27339981,2
    		H--49168122(-) AAACTG/AAATTT 5 -- ds50014Minor allele frequency- A:0.00NS EA 418
    rs1129174941,2
    		--49168156(+) AATATG/AAACAC 5 -- ds50011Minor allele frequency- A:0.00CSA 1

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for FOLH1 (49168187 - 49230222 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for FOLH1
         2 CNVs: 3849 3850
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): FOLH1

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
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    Disorders / Diseases
    for FOLH1 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    FOLH1 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 600934    OMIM disorders: --

    20/47 diseases for FOLH1 (see all 47):    About MalaCards
    prostatitis    hyperhomocysteinemia    prostate cancer    neural tube defect
    renal clear cell carcinoma    amyotrophic lateral sclerosis    abdominal aortic aneurysm    canavan disease
    aortic aneurysm    progressive muscular atrophy    lateral sclerosis    spina bifida
    muscular atrophy    small cell carcinoma    prostate small cell carcinoma    renal cell carcinoma
    coronary heart disease    transitional cell carcinoma    neurodegenerative disease    huntington's disease

    1 disease from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for FOLH1:
    Prostate cancer

    10/42 Novoseek disease relationships for FOLH1 gene (see all 42)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    prostate cancer 89 647 15705868 (6), 9508077 (5), 12949815 (5), 18297820 (4) (see all 99)
    prostate carcinoma 76 82 10640975 (5), 9111600 (5), 15733392 (5), 7669565 (3) (see all 34)
    prostatic adenocarcinoma 70.8 27 9763084 (2), 17448023 (2), 7497608 (2), 9815541 (1) (see all 16)
    recurrent prostate cancer 64.2 4 14571413 (1), 19619001 (1), 10579800 (1)
    benign prostatic hyperplasia 59.2 18 9537248 (1), 19084862 (1), 17929272 (1), 7511053 (1) (see all 13)
    tumors 58.8 200 9815541 (4), 7882349 (3), 12679407 (3), 12712410 (3) (see all 99)
    cancer 55.1 84 9763084 (4), 14583590 (3), 9112573 (3), 9192800 (2) (see all 45)
    metastasis 52.5 48 9763084 (4), 17320151 (2), 19343734 (2), 19716160 (2) (see all 30)
    solid tumor 47.2 44 17290063 (3), 15800947 (2), 14610416 (2), 16713605 (2) (see all 20)
    prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia 43.7 5 15168332 (2), 9610707 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): FOLH1
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: FOLH1 (40 documents)

    Export disorders for FOLH1 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for FOLH1 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for FOLH1 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 505):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with FOLH1)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Mapping, genomic organization and promoter analysis of the human prostate-specific membrane antigen gene. (PubMed id 9838072)1, 2, 3, 9 O'Keefe D.S.... Heston W.D.W. (1998)
    2. Glutamate carboxypeptidase II: a polymorphism associated with lower levels of serum folate and hyperhomocysteinemia. (PubMed id 11092759)1, 2, 4, 9 Devlin A.M.... Halsted C.H. (2000)
    3. Alternatively spliced variants of prostate-specific membrane antigen RNA: ratio of expression as a potential measurement of progression. (PubMed id 7882349)1, 2, 9 Su S.L.... Heston W.D.W. (1995)
    4. Expression of glutamate carboxypeptidase II in human brain. (PubMed id 17150306)1, 2, 9 Sacha P....Konvalinka J. (2007)
    5. Comparative analysis of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) versus a prostate-specific membrane antigen-like gene. (PubMed id 14716746)1, 2, 9 O'Keefe D.S.... Heston W.D.W. (2004)
    6. Structural basis of interactions between human glutamate carboxypeptidase II and its substrate analogs. (PubMed id 18234225)1, 2, 9 Barinka C....Lubkowski J. (2008)
    7. Identification of the N-glycosylation sites on glutamate carboxypeptidase II necessary for proteolytic activity. (PubMed id 15152093)1, 2, 9 Barinka C....Konvalinka J. (2004)
    8. Identification, purification, and subcellular localization of prostate-specific membrane antigen PSM' protein in the LNCaP prostatic carcinoma cell line. (PubMed id 9809977)1, 2, 9 Grauer L.S....Wolfert R.L. (1998)
    9. Molecular characterization of human brain N-acetylated alpha-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase). (PubMed id 9694964)1, 2, 9 Luthi-Carter R.... Coyle J.T. (1998)
    10. Interactions between human glutamate carboxypeptidase II and urea- based inhibitors: structural characterization. (PubMed id 19053759)1, 2, 9 Barinka C.... Lubkowski J. (2008)

    External Searches for FOLH1 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
    		PubMed
    OMIM
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      (Note: In FireFox, select the above section and copy using Ctrl-C)

    Genome Databases showing FOLH1 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 2346 HGNC: 3788 AceView: FOLH1 Ensembl:ENSG00000086205 euGenes: HUgn2346
    ECgene: FOLH1 Kegg: 2346 H-InvDB: FOLH1

    Other Databases showing FOLH1 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing FOLH1 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for FOLH1 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways
    ATLAS Chromosomes in Cancer entry for FOLH1 Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology

    Intellectual Property
    for FOLH1 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for FOLH1 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving FOLH1

    GeneCards and IP:
    Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards     Improving the IP Search



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