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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

FLVCR2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 49
GCID: GC14P076045

feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor family,...

(Previous names: chromosome 14 open reading frame 58, feline leukemia virus...)
(Previous symbol: C14orf58)

Explore 15 diseases affiliated with
FLVCR2 via

MalaCards

our new
Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Cellular Receptor Family, Member 2¹ ²		PVHH² ⁵
C14orf58¹ ² ³ ⁵		FLJ20371¹
CCT² ³ ⁵		Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 58¹
MFSD7C¹ ²		Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Cellular Receptor 2¹
Calcium-Chelate Transporter² ³		FLVCRL14q²
EPV² ⁵		Feline Leukemia Virus Subgroup C Receptor-Related Protein 2²

External Ids:	HGNC: 20105¹	Entrez Gene: 55640²	Ensembl: ENSG00000119686⁷	OMIM: 610865⁵	UniProtKB: Q9UPI3³

Export aliases for FLVCR2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC14P075115 GC14P056212

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for FLVCR2:

This gene encodes a member of the major facilitator superfamily. The encoded transmembrane protein is a calcium

transporter. Unlike the related protein feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1, the protein encoded by this locus

does not bind to feline leukemia virus subgroup C envelope protein. The encoded protein may play a role in development

of brain vascular endothelial cells, as mutations at this locus have been associated with proliferative vasculopathy

and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described.(provided by

RefSeq, Aug 2010)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FLVC2_HUMAN, Q9UPI3

Function: Acts as an importer of heme. Also acts as a transporter for a calcium-chelator complex, important for growth

and calcium metabolism

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000014.8 NC_018925.1 NT_026437.12

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the FLVCR2 gene promoter:
ER-alpha AhR c-Fos AP-1 Olf-1 POU3F2 Arnt C/EBPalpha AREB6 c-Jun
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: FLVCR2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for FLVCR2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat FLVCR2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 14q24.3 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 14q24.3 HGNC cytogenetic band: 14q24.3

FLVCR2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
FLVCR2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 14 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC14P076045: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	76,044,940 bp from pter	End:	76,129,557 bp from pter
Size:	84,618 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FLVC2_HUMAN, Q9UPI3 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor-related protein 2

Size: 526 amino acids; 57241 Da

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein

Sequence caution: Sequence=BAB55381.1; Type=Erroneous initiation;

Secondary accessions: B7Z485 Q53ZT9 Q96JY3 Q9NX90

Alternative splicing: 2 isoforms: Q9UPI3-1 Q9UPI3-2 (No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for FLVCR2: NX_Q9UPI3

Post-translational modifications:

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9UPI3

FLVCR2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (2 alternative transcripts):

NP_001182212.1 NP_060261.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000238667 ENSP00000443439 ENSP00000451104 ENSP00000452584 ENSP00000451603

ENSP00000452468 ENSP00000451781 ENSP00000452453

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	Uscn Proteins for FLVCR2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0016021	integral to membrane	IEA	--

FLVCR2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

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(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

FLVCR2 for domains About GeneDecksing

3 InterPro domains/families:

IPR011701 MFS

IPR020846 MFS_dom

IPR016196 MFS_dom_general_subst_transpt

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9UPI3

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9UPI3

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FLVC2_HUMAN, Q9UPI3

Similarity: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor (TC 2.A.1.28.1)

family

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary:

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FLVC2_HUMAN, Q9UPI3

Function: Acts as an importer of heme. Also acts as a transporter for a calcium-chelator complex, important for growth

and calcium metabolism

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In Situ Assay
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Gene Ontology (GO): 2 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0015232	heme transporter activity	IDA	--
GO:0020037	heme binding	IDA	--

FLVCR2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

2 GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for FLVCR2:

Increased gamma-H2AX phosphory

Synthetic lethal with Ras

(Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, ³I2D, and/or ⁴STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
About This Section

Interactions:

Search SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for FLVCR2

Gene Ontology (GO): 2 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0015886	heme transport	IDA	--
GO:0055085	transmembrane transport	IEA	--

FLVCR2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
About This Section

FLVCR2 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore

Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

Browse Tocris compounds for FLVCR2

1 HMDB Compound for FLVCR2 About this table

Compound	Synonyms	CAS #	PubMed Ids
Calcium	Ca (see all 2)	7440-70-2	--

1 Novoseek chemical compound relationship for FLVCR2 gene About this table

Compound	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
calcium	56	40	17321497 (2), 17979693 (2), 2156817 (2), 8273213 (1) (see all 19)

Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about FLVCR2 / FLVC2

(Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
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Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
About This Section

REFSEQ mRNAs for FLVCR2 gene (2 alternative transcripts):

NM_001195283.1 NM_017791.2

Unigene Clusters for FLVCR2:

Feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor family, member 2

Hs.509966 [show with all ESTs], Hs.615289

Unigene Representative Sequences: NM_017791, BC001448

13 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:

ENST00000238667(uc001xrs.2 uc010tvd.1) ENST00000554496 ENST00000555385

ENST00000539311 ENST00000555058 ENST00000553341 ENST00000556241 ENST00000553587

ENST00000556856 ENST00000554580 ENST00000555027 ENST00000556409 ENST00000556745

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		hsa-miR-30c hsa-miR-548j hsa-miR-125a-5p hsa-miR-137 hsa-miR-548i hsa-miR-30d hsa-miR-30a hsa-miR-125b

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Additional cDNA sequence: BC001448.2

5 DOTS entries:

DT.313660 DT.100721865 DT.100695772 DT.91815267 DT.120752774

5 AceView cDNA sequences:

CD674973 AL049169 BC001448 BE281496 BE281518

GeneLoc Exon Structure

(RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
About This Section

FLVCR2 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
About this imageBioGPS
CGAP TAG: AAATTTTACA

About this image

FLVCR2 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells

Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine About this table

Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell

Name

Category

Definitive endoderm-like cells (A scalable, suspensi...)

Expression:

Positive

Negative

Selective marker

Experimental details:

Curated

Microarrays

In-situ hybridization

See FLVCR2 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
Genevestigator expression for FLVCR2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene clusters: Hs.509966 Hs.615289

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FLVC2_HUMAN, Q9UPI3

Tissue specificity: Expressed in non-hematopoietic tissues, with relative abundant expression in brain, placenta, lung,

liver and kidney. Also expressed in hematopoietic tissues (fetal liver, spleen, lymph node, thymus, leukocytes and

bone marrow). Found in acidophil cells of the pituitary that secrete growth hormone and prolactin

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In Situ
Assay Products:

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(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD , ⁵MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or ⁶Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
About This Section

This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

Orthologs for FLVCR2 gene from 6/22 species (see all 22) About this table

Organism	Taxonomic classification	Gene	Description	Human Similarity	Orthology Type	Details
chicken (Gallus gallus)	Aves	FLVCR2¹	feline leukemia virus subgroup C cellular receptor more	71.91(n) 74.06(a)		423365 XM_421280.3 XP_421280.2
lizard (Anolis carolinensis)	Reptilia	FLVCR2⁶	--	69(a)	1 ↔ 1	1(22218683-22266359)
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)	Amphibia	CA985348.1²	--	74.42(n)		CA985348.1
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	Actinopterygii	57045869²	--	70.16(n)		57045869
fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)	Insecta	CG1358¹	CG1358	58.77(n) 52.87(a)		35697 NM_001201944.1 NP_001188873.1
worm (Caenorhabditis elegans)	Secernentea	C09D4.1¹	Protein C09D4.1	51.75(n) 48.56(a)		172203 NM_001025820.2 NP_001020991.1

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for FLVCR2 (if available)
TreeFam Gene Tree for FLVCR2 (if available)

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene,
²Ensembl, and ³SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to ⁴Pseudogene.org Build 68)
About This Section

Paralogs for FLVCR2 gene

MFSD7² FLVCR1² DIRC2²

1 SIMAP similar gene for FLVCR2 using alignment to 7 protein entries: FLVC2_HUMAN (see all proteins):

FLVCR1

FLVCR2 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs/Variants according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
About This Section

SNP ID	Valid	Clinical significance	Chr 14 pos	Sequence	#	AA Chg	Type	More	#	Allele freq	Pop	Total sample	More
Genomic Data					Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--
rs138495705^1,2	C,	pathogenic	95603349(+)	`TGGCTA/C/TGGCTC`	3	* S L	stg¹ mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs78014497^1,2	F,	--	56211174(+)	`TTTGGA/TTGACC`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NA	120
rs74419437^1,2	C,F,	--	56211245(+)	`TGCCCG/AANNNN`	1	--	us2k¹		1		NA	120
rs11847397^1,2	C,F,H,	--	56211306(+)	`agagcC/TactTC`	1	--	us2k¹		5		NS EA NA	422
rs112995651^1,2	C	--	56211763(+)	`TCTTGA/TGATGC`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs74067323^1,2	C,	--	56212440(+)	`ATCTAC/TAAATC`	1	--	us2k¹		2		WA	120
rs45486100^1,2		--	56212578(+)	`GGCACA/CGGAGA`	1	--	us2k¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs80001297^1,2		--	56213149(+)	`TTTCTC/TCTGGA`	1	--	ut5¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs80189131^1,2	C,	--	56213688(+)	`GGCTTG/TGCTGC`	2	W L	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--
rs77057638^1,2	C,	--	56213897(+)	`TTTCAA/CCAGCC`	2	T P	mis¹		0	--	--	--	--

HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for FLVCR2 (76044940 - 76129557 bp)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 2 variations for FLVCR2
1 CNV: 87275
1 Indel: 76679
Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): FLVCR2

SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays

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(in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
About This Section

FLVCR2 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

OMIM gene information: 610865
OMIM disorders: 225790
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: FLVC2_HUMAN, Q9UPI3

Defects in FLVCR2 are the cause of proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome (PVHH)

[MIM:225790]. It is a rare prenatally lethal disorder characterized by hydranencephaly, a distinctive glomerular

vasculopathy in the central nervous system and retina, and diffuse ischemic lesions of the brain stem, basal ganglia,

and spinal cord with calcifications. Hydranencephaly is a condition where the greater portions of the cerebral

hemispheres and corpus striatum are replaced by cerebrospinal fluid and glial tissue

15 diseases for FLVCR2: About MalaCards

proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome proliferative vasculopathy and hydraencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome hydranencephaly leukemia

central pontine myelinolysis ischemic optic neuropathy fowler's syndrome neuropathy

breast cancer hepatocellular carcinoma colon cancer cerebritis

retinitis carcinoma neuronitis

3 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for FLVCR2:

Hydranencephaly Dissociative disorder Central pontine myelinolysis

1 Novoseek disease relationship for FLVCR2 gene About this table

Disease	-log (P-Val)	Hits	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
breast cancer	0	2	16410040 (1), 17321497 (1)

Export disorders for FLVCR2 gene to outside databases

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Entrez Gene, ²UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ³HGNC, ⁴GAD, ⁵PharmGKB, ⁶HMDB, ⁷DrugBank, ⁸UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁹ Novoseek, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

PubMed articles for FLVCR2 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 33):
(articles sorted by number of sources associating them with FLVCR2)

Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
world of online information

Mutations in FLVCR2 are associated with proliferative vasculopathy and hydranencephaly-hydrocephaly syndrome (Fowler syndrome). (PubMed id 20206334)^{1, 2, 3} Meyer E....Maher E.R. (2010)
The Fowler syndrome-associated protein FLVCR2 is an i mporter of heme. (PubMed id 20823265)^{1, 2} Duffy S.P....Tailor C.S. (2010)
High-throughput sequencing of a 4.1 Mb linkage interval reveals FLVCR2 deletions and mutations in lethal cerebral vasculopathy. (PubMed id 20690116)^{1, 2} Thomas S.... Attie-Bitach T. (2010)
Comprehensive mapping of receptor-functioning domains in feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor FLVCR1. (PubMed id 16439531)^{1, 3} Brown J.K....Tailor C.S. (2006)
Novel hexad repeats conserved in a putative transporter with restricted expression in cell types associated with growth, calcium exchange and homeostasis. (PubMed id 14729055)^{1, 2} Brasier G.... Wookey P.J. (2004)
Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. (PubMed id 14702039)^{1, 2} Ota T.... Sugano S. (2004)
The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)^{1, 2} Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. (PubMed id 12508121)^{1, 2} Heilig R.... Weissenbach J. (2003)
Unexpected allelic heterogeneity and spectrum of mutations in Fowler syndrome revealed by next-generation exome sequencing. (PubMed id 20518025)² Lalonde E.... Jabado N. (2010)
Expression of conjoined genes: another mechanism for gene regulation in eukaryotes. (PubMed id 20967262)¹ Prakash T....Taylor T.D. (2010)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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		AND	OR
Aliases
Disorders
Free Text

Query String		PubMed OMIM NCBI Bookshelf
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 55640	HGNC: 20105	AceView: C14orf58.1	Ensembl:ENSG00000119686	euGenes: HUgn55640
ECgene: FLVCR2	H-InvDB: FLVCR2

(According to HUGE)
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(According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
About This Section

Name	Description
PharmGKB entry for FLVCR2	Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

Intellectual Property for FLVCR2 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)

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Patent Information for FLVCR2 gene:
Search GeneIP for patents involving FLVCR2

GeneCards and IP:
Japan Patent Office Licenses GeneCards European Patent Office Licenses GeneCards Improving the IP Search

(Antibodies, recombinant proteins, and assays from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, QIAGEN, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, SABiosciences, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, Enzo Life Sciences, Abcam, ProSpec, Uscn, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, SwitchGear Genomics, Vector BioLabs, Cell lines from GenScript and LifeMap BioReagents, PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Drugs and/or compounds from EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Enzo Life Sciences),
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