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Category Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21

GIFtS
-

ECT2 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 60
GCID: GC03P172468

epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 oncogene

Explore 13 diseases affiliated with
ECT2 via

MalaCards

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Human Malady Compendium

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc, ⁷Ensembl, ⁸DME, ⁹miRBase, and/or ¹⁰fRNAdb)
About This Section

Aliases
Epithelial Cell Transforming Sequence 2 Oncogene¹ ²
ARHGEF31¹ ²
Epithelial Cell-Transforming Sequence 2 Oncogene² ³
Protein ECT2²

External Ids:	HGNC: 3155¹	Entrez Gene: 1894²	Ensembl: ENSG00000114346⁷	OMIM: 600586⁵	UniProtKB: Q9H8V3³

Export aliases for ECT2 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC03P169518 GC03P173499 GC03P173870 GC03P173793 GC03P173773 GC03P173951 GC03P169843

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section

Entrez Gene summary for ECT2:

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and transforming protein that is related to

Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset

of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is

at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell

cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of

cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. (provided by

RefSeq, Apr 2012)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ECT2_HUMAN, Q9H8V3

Function: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Promotes guanine

nucleotide exchange on the Rho family members of small GTPases, like RHOA, RHOC, RAC1 and CDC42. Required for signal

transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cytokinesis. Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves

as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the

cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates the translocation of RHOA from the central spindle to the equatorial region. Plays a

role in the control of mitotic spindle assembly; regulates the activation of CDC42 in metaphase for the process of

spindle fibers attachment to kinetochores before chromosome congression. Involved in the regulation of epithelial cell

polarity; participates in the formation of epithelial tight junctions in a polarity complex PARD3-PARD6-protein kinase

PRKCQ-dependent manner. Plays a role in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Inhibits phenobarbital (PB)-induced NR1I3

nuclear translocation. Stimulates the activity of RAC1 through its association with the oncogenic PARD6A-PRKCI complex

in cancer cells, thereby acting to coordinately drive tumor cell proliferation and invasion. Also stimulates genotoxic

stress-induced RHOB activity in breast cancer cells leading to their cell death

Gene Wiki entry for ECT2

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000003.11 NC_018914.1 NT_005612.16

Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the ECT2 gene promoter:
E2F-3a E2F-4 E2F-5 HOXA3 E2F-2 c-Ets-1 E2F-1 E2F FOXO1a FOXO1
Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmids (see all 2): ECT2 promoter sequence

Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for ECT2

Epigenetics:

QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat ECT2

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 3q26.1-q26.2 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 3q26.31 HGNC cytogenetic band: 3q26.1-q26.2

ECT2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
ECT2 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 3 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC03P172468: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	172,468,472 bp from pter	End:	172,539,264 bp from pter
Size:	70,793 bases	Orientation:	plus strand

(According to ¹UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to ²PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ECT2_HUMAN, Q9H8V3 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: Protein ECT2

Size: 914 amino acids; 103505 Da

Subunit: Interacts with NR1I3 (By similarity). Homodimer. Homooligomer. Found in the centralspindlin complex. Interacts

(Thr-359 phosphorylated form) with PARD6A; the interaction is observed in cancer cells. Interacts (Thr-359

phosphorylated form) with PRKCI; the interaction is observed in cancer cells. Interacts with PKP4; the interaction is

observed at the midbody. Interacts with RACGAP1; the interaction is direct, occurs in a microtubule-dependent manner,

is inhibited in metaphase by phosphorylation of ECT2 on Thr-373 and is stimulated in early anaphase by

dephosphorylation of ECT2 probably on Thr-373 through CDK1 activity. Interacts with PLK1; the interaction is

stimulated upon its phosphorylation on Thr-444. Associates with RACGAP1 at anaphase and during cytokinesis. Interacts

with KIF23, PARD3, PARD6A, PARD6B and PRKCQ

Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Cleavage furrow. Midbody. Cell junction.

Cell junction, tight junction. Note=Sequestered within the nucleus during interphase. Dispersed throughout the

cytoplasm upon breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. Colocalizes with the centralspindlin complex to the

mitotic spindles during anaphase/metaphase, the cleavage furrow during telophase and at the midbody at the end of

cytokinesis. Colocalized with RhoA at the midbody. Its subcellular localization to tight junction is increased by

calcium. Localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of numerous carcinoma cells

Sequence caution: Sequence=BAA91624.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Translation N-terminally extended;

1 PDB 3D structure from and Proteopedia for ECT2:

3L46 (3D)

Secondary accessions: Q0MT80 Q2M269 Q6U836 Q9NSV8 Q9NVW9

Alternative splicing: 4 isoforms: Q9H8V3-1 Q9H8V3-2 Q9H8V3-3 Q9H8V3-4 (May be produced at very low levels due to a premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. No experimental confirmation available)

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for ECT2: NX_Q9H8V3

Post-translational modifications:

Phosphorylated by PLK1 in vitro. Hyperphosphorylated during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Phosphorylation at Thr-373

occurs during the G2/M phase, relieves its auto-inhibition status and stimulates its GEF activity. Phosphorylation at

Thr-444 in G2/M phase is required for subsequent binding with PLK1 and Rho exchange activation. Dephosphorylated at

the time of cytokinesis. Phosphorylation at Thr-359 is required for its transformation activity in cancer cells¹

View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus²

View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q9H8V3

ECT2 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb: About this image

REFSEQ proteins (3 alternative transcripts):

NP_001245244.1 NP_001245245.1 NP_060568.3

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000232458 ENSP00000376457 ENSP00000415876 ENSP00000403501 ENSP00000412331

ENSP00000403446 ENSP00000391695 ENSP00000412028 ENSP00000389108 ENSP00000412259

ENSP00000411674 ENSP00000397788 ENSP00000443160 ENSP00000401910

Reactome Protein details: Q9H8V3
Human Recombinant Protein Products:

	Browse Purified and Recombinant Proteins at EMD Millipore
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse OriGene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells OriGene Protein Over-expression Lysate: ECT2 OriGene Custom Protein Services for ECT2
	GenScript Custom Purified and Recombinant Proteins Services for ECT2
	Novus Biologicals ECT2 Lysate
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins
	Browse ProSpec Recombinant Proteins
	Uscn Proteins for ECT2

Gene Ontology (GO): 5/10 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10): About this table

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005622	intracellular	--	--
GO:0005634	nucleus	IDA	19617897
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	IDA	19617897
GO:0005829	cytosol	TAS	--
GO:0005911	cell-cell junction	IDA	15254234

ECT2 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

ECT2 Antibody Products:

	EMD Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of ECT2
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Browse OriGene Antibodies OriGene Custom Antibody Services for ECT2
	GenScript Custom Superior Antibodies Services for ECT2
	Novus Biologicals ECT2 Antibodies
	Search for Antibodies for ECT2 at Abcam
	Uscn Antibodies for ECT2
	ThermoFisher Antibodies for ECT2

Assay Products for ECT2:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from EMD Millipore
	OriGene Custom Immunoassay Development Browse OriGene Fluorogenic Cell Assay Kits
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	GenScript Custom Assay Services for ECT2
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays
	Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for ECT2

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
About This Section

ECT2 for domains About GeneDecksing

5/6 InterPro domains/families (see all 6):

IPR001331 GDS_CDC24_CS

IPR000219 DH-domain

IPR026817 Ect2

IPR001849 Pleckstrin_homology

IPR011993 PH_like_dom

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry Q9H8V3

ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q9H8V3

3 Blocks protein families:

IPB000219 DH domain

IPB001357 BRCT domain

IPB001849 Pleckstrin-like

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ECT2_HUMAN, Q9H8V3

Domain: The BRCT domain 1 and 2 are required for the intramolecular interaction, but not for the intermolecular

oligomerization. The BRCT domains negatively inhibit its GEF activity in interphase cells. The same BRCT domains may

act as a positive regulatory motif for the completion of cytokinesis after the breakdown of nuclear membrane during

mitosis

Similarity: Contains 2 BRCT domains

Similarity: Contains 1 DH (DBL-homology) domain

Similarity: Contains 1 PH domain

(According to ¹UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or ²DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
About This Section

Function Summary: