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EARS2 Gene(Protein Coding)

Glutamyl-TRNA Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial

GCID:
GC16M023533
GIFtS:
54
Genes Participants
UDN Logo

Aliases for EARS2 Gene

Aliases for EARS2 Gene

  • Glutamyl-TRNA Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial 2 3 5
  • Glutamate TRNA Ligase 2, Mitochondrial 2 3
  • EC 6.1.1.17 4 61
  • GluRS 3 4
  • Glutamyl-TRNA Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial (Putative) 2
  • Probable Glutamyl-TRNA Synthetase, Mitochondrial 3
  • Probable Glutamate--TRNA Ligase, Mitochondrial 3
  • Glutamyl-TRNA Synthetase 4
  • Glutamate--TRNA Ligase 3
  • KIAA1970 4
  • COXPD12 3
  • MSE1 3

External Ids for EARS2 Gene

Previous GeneCards Identifiers for EARS2 Gene

  • GC16M023440
  • GC16M021624

Summaries for EARS2 Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for EARS2 Gene

  • This gene encodes a member of the class I family of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes play a critical role in protein biosynthesis by charging tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. This protein is encoded by the nuclear genome but is likely to be imported to the mitochondrion where it is thought to catalyze the ligation of glutamate to tRNA molecules. Mutations in this gene have been associated with combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12). Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2015]

GeneCards Summary for EARS2 Gene

EARS2 (Glutamyl-TRNA Synthetase 2, Mitochondrial) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with EARS2 include Combined Oxidative Phosphorylation Deficiency 12 and Streptococcal Meningitis. Among its related pathways are Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and Gene Expression. GO annotations related to this gene include nucleotide binding and ligase activity, forming aminoacyl-tRNA and related compounds.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for EARS2 Gene

  • Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).

No data available for CIViC summary , Tocris Summary , Gene Wiki entry , PharmGKB "VIP" Summary , fRNAdb sequence ontologies and piRNA Summary for EARS2 Gene

Genomics for EARS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Regulatory Element

Regulatory Elements for EARS2 Gene

Enhancers for EARS2 Gene
GeneHancer Identifier Enhancer Score Enhancer Sources Gene-Enhancer Score TSS distance (kb) Number of Genes Away Size (kb) Transcription Factor Binding Sites within enhancer Gene Targets for Enhancer
GH16G023594 1.2 ENCODE 8 -38.6 -38637 2.9 MLX CREB3L1 ZFP64 DMAP1 YY1 ZNF143 SP3 NFYC MEF2D RCOR2 DCTN5 ENSG00000260482 EARS2 GGA2 NDUFAB1 ENSG00000261723
GH16G023466 0.6 ENCODE 7.4 +91.0 91033 1.0 FOSL1 PKNOX1 FOXA2 POLR2A CREB1 FOS TCF7L2 ZKSCAN1 UBFD1 EARS2 GC16M023463 LOC100419017
GH16G023556 1.2 ENCODE 0.7 +0.1 85 3.2 MLX CREB3L1 AGO1 ZFP64 FEZF1 DMAP1 YY1 SLC30A9 ZNF143 SP3 NDUFAB1 UBFD1 GGA2 EARS2
- Elite enhancer and/or Elite enhancer-gene association Download GeneHancer data dump

Enhancers around EARS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Promoters for EARS2 Gene
Ensembl Regulatory Elements (ENSRs) TSS Distance (bp) Size (bp) Binding Sites for Transcription Factors within promoters
ENSR00000084565 -69 2001 MLX CREB3L1 AGO1 ZFP64 FEZF1 DMAP1 YY1 SLC30A9 ZNF143 SP3

Transcription factor binding sites by QIAGEN in the EARS2 gene promoter:

Genomic Location for EARS2 Gene

Chromosome:
16
Start:
23,522,013 bp from pter
End:
23,557,731 bp from pter
Size:
35,719 bases
Orientation:
Minus strand

Genomic View for EARS2 Gene

Genes around EARS2 on UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Cytogenetic band:
EARS2 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to GeneLoc (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
Genomic Location for EARS2 Gene
GeneLoc Logo Genomic Neighborhood • Exon Structure • Gene Density

RefSeq DNA sequence for EARS2 Gene

Proteins for EARS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Antibody
  2. Protein
  3. Assay

  • Protein details for EARS2 Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

    Protein Symbol:
    Q5JPH6-SYEM_HUMAN
    Recommended name:
    Probable glutamate--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial
    Protein Accession:
    Q5JPH6
    Secondary Accessions:
    • B3KTT2
    • D3DWF1
    • Q86YH3
    • Q8TF31

    Protein attributes for EARS2 Gene

    Size:
    523 amino acids
    Molecular mass:
    58689 Da
    Quaternary structure:
    No Data Available

    Alternative splice isoforms for EARS2 Gene

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

neXtProt entry for EARS2 Gene

Protein Expression for EARS2 Gene

See protein expression from ProteomicsDB, MOPED, PaxDb, and MaxQB

Selected DME Specific Peptides for EARS2 Gene

Q5JPH6:
  • RFAPSPTG
  • KSDGFPTY
  • GGLRTAL
  • ENQMGRT
  • HLPLLLN
  • PSPTGFLH
  • LRLEDTD
  • DGSKLSKR
  • TPRYDNR
  • HSALLDLEKLPEFNR

Post-translational modifications for EARS2 Gene

  • Ubiquitination at isoforms=2480
  • Modification sites at PhosphoSitePlus

Other Protein References for EARS2 Gene

ENSEMBL proteins:
REFSEQ proteins:

Domains & Families for EARS2 Gene

Gene Families for EARS2 Gene

HGNC:

Protein Domains for EARS2 Gene

InterPro:
Blocks:
ProtoNet:

Suggested Antigen Peptide Sequences for EARS2 Gene

GenScript: Design optimal peptide antigens:

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

Q5JPH6

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

SYEM_HUMAN :
  • Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
Family:
  • Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.
genes like me logo Genes that share domains with EARS2: view

Function for EARS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Animal Model
  2. CRISPR
  3. miRNA
  4. Inhibitory RNA
  5. Clone
  6. Cell Line
  7. Flow Cytometry

Molecular function for EARS2 Gene

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot CatalyticActivity:
ATP + L-glutamate + tRNA(Glu) = AMP + diphosphate + L-glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Function:
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).

Enzyme Numbers (IUBMB) for EARS2 Gene

Gene Ontology (GO) - Molecular Function for EARS2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0000049 tRNA binding IEA --
GO:0000166 nucleotide binding IEA --
GO:0003723 RNA binding IEA --
GO:0004812 aminoacyl-tRNA ligase activity IEA --
GO:0004818 glutamate-tRNA ligase activity IDA 19805282
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with EARS2: view

Phenotypes for EARS2 Gene

GenomeRNAi human phenotypes for EARS2:
genes like me logo Genes that share phenotypes with EARS2: view

Human Phenotype Ontology for EARS2 Gene

HPO Id HPO Name Alternative Ids Definition Synonyms

Animal Model Products

  • Taconic Biosciences Mouse Models for EARS2

CRISPR Products

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

No data available for Animal Models , Transcription Factor Targets and HOMER Transcription for EARS2 Gene

Localization for EARS2 Gene

Subcellular locations from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for EARS2 Gene

Mitochondrion matrix.

Subcellular locations from

COMPARTMENTS
Extracellular space Cytosol Plasma membrane Cytoskeleton Lysosome Endosome Peroxisome ER Golgi Apparatus Nucleus Mitochondrion 0 1 2 3 4 5 Confidence
COMPARTMENTS Subcellular localization image for EARS2 gene
Compartment Confidence
mitochondrion 5
nucleus 3
plasma membrane 2
extracellular 1
cytosol 1

Gene Ontology (GO) - Cellular Components for EARS2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0005737 cytoplasm IEA --
GO:0005739 mitochondrion IDA,IEA 19805282
GO:0005759 mitochondrial matrix IEA --
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with EARS2: view

Pathways & Interactions for EARS2 Gene

genes like me logo Genes that share pathways with EARS2: view

Pathways by source for EARS2 Gene

Interacting Proteins for EARS2 Gene

Selected Interacting proteins: Q5JPH6-SYEM_HUMAN for EARS2 Gene via IID

Gene Ontology (GO) - Biological Process for EARS2 Gene

GO ID Qualified GO term Evidence PubMed IDs
GO:0006412 translation IEA --
GO:0006418 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation IEA --
GO:0006424 glutamyl-tRNA aminoacylation IDA 19805282
GO:0043039 tRNA aminoacylation IEA --
GO:0070127 tRNA aminoacylation for mitochondrial protein translation IDA 19805282
genes like me logo Genes that share ontologies with EARS2: view

No data available for SIGNOR curated interactions for EARS2 Gene

Drugs & Compounds for EARS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Drug

(6) Drugs for EARS2 Gene - From: DrugBank and HMDB

Name Status Disease Links Group Role Mechanism of Action Clinical Trials
Famotidine Approved Pharma Histamine H2-receptor antagonist 61
Phosphoric acid Approved Pharma 0
Adenosine monophosphate Approved Nutra 0
Adenosine triphosphate Approved Nutra 0
L-Glutamic Acid Nutra Full agonist, Agonist, Target 0

(1) Additional Compounds for EARS2 Gene - From: HMDB

Name Synonyms Role CAS Number PubChem IDs PubMed IDs
pyrophosphate
  • (4-)Diphosphoric acid ion
  • (P2O74-)Diphosphate
  • Diphosphate
  • Diphosphoric acid
  • PPi
 14000-31-8
genes like me logo Genes that share compounds with EARS2: view

Transcripts for EARS2 Gene

Products:

  1. CRISPR
  2. miRNA
  3. Inhibitory RNA
  4. Clone
  5. Flow Cytometry

mRNA/cDNA for EARS2 Gene

(4) REFSEQ mRNAs :
(8) Additional mRNA sequences :
(17) Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant :

Unigene Clusters for EARS2 Gene

Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial:
Representative Sequences:

CRISPR Products

Inhibitory RNA Products

Clone Products

Flow Cytometry Products

Alternative Splicing Database (ASD) splice patterns (SP) for EARS2 Gene

ExUns: 1 ^ 2a · 2b ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6a · 6b ^ 7a · 7b ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ 10 ^ 11 ^ 12
SP1:
SP2: - - -
SP3:
SP4: -

Relevant External Links for EARS2 Gene

GeneLoc Exon Structure for
EARS2
ECgene alternative splicing isoforms for
EARS2

Expression for EARS2 Gene

Products:

  1. Primer

mRNA expression in normal human tissues from GTEx, Illumina, BioGPS, and CGAP SAGE for EARS2 Gene

mRNA expression in normal human tissues for EARS2 Gene
mRNA expression by BioGPS for EARS2 GenemRNA expression by GTEx for EARS2 Gene

Protein differential expression in normal tissues from HIPED for EARS2 Gene

This gene is overexpressed in Bone (37.5) and Salivary gland (7.0).

Integrated Proteomics: protein expression in normal tissues and cell lines from ProteomicsDB, MaxQB, and MOPED for EARS2 Gene



Protein tissue co-expression partners for EARS2 Gene

- Elite partner

NURSA nuclear receptor signaling pathways regulating expression of EARS2 Gene:

EARS2

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster for EARS2 Gene:

Hs.620541

Evidence on tissue expression from TISSUES for EARS2 Gene

  • Nervous system(4.9)
  • Kidney(4.4)
  • Liver(4.2)

Phenotype-based relationships between genes and organs from Gene ORGANizer for EARS2 Gene

Germ Layers:
  • ectoderm
  • mesoderm
Systems:
  • integumentary
  • nervous
  • skeletal muscle
Organs:
Head and neck:
  • brain
  • cerebellum
  • cranial nerve
  • eye
  • eyelid
  • face
  • head
Limb:
  • lower limb
  • upper limb
General:
  • peripheral nerve
  • peripheral nervous system
  • skin
  • spinal cord
genes like me logo Genes that share expression patterns with EARS2: view

Primer Products

No data available for mRNA expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells from LifeMap Discovery , mRNA differential expression in normal tissues and mRNA Expression by UniProt/SwissProt for EARS2 Gene

Orthologs for EARS2 Gene

This gene was present in the common ancestor of eukaryotes.

Orthologs for EARS2 Gene

Organism Taxonomy Gene Similarity Type Details
chimpanzee
(Pan troglodytes)
 Mammalia EARS2 34 35
  • 99.04 (n)
cow
(Bos Taurus)
 Mammalia EARS2 34 35
  • 87.7 (n)
dog
(Canis familiaris)
 Mammalia EARS2 34 35
  • 86.62 (n)
mouse
(Mus musculus)
 Mammalia Ears2 34 16 35
  • 85.34 (n)
rat
(Rattus norvegicus)
 Mammalia Ears2l1 34
  • 85.04 (n)
oppossum
(Monodelphis domestica)
 Mammalia -- 35
  • 76 (a)
 OneToMany
-- 35
  • 69 (a)
 OneToMany
platypus
(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
 Mammalia EARS2 35
  • 68 (a)
 OneToOne
chicken
(Gallus gallus)
 Aves EARS2 34 35
  • 69.45 (n)
lizard
(Anolis carolinensis)
 Reptilia EARS2 35
  • 75 (a)
 OneToOne
tropical clawed frog
(Silurana tropicalis)
 Amphibia ears2 34
  • 64.03 (n)
zebrafish
(Danio rerio)
 Actinopterygii zgc:153247 34
  • 62.26 (n)
CABZ01117079.1 35
  • 47 (a)
 OneToOne
African malaria mosquito
(Anopheles gambiae)
 Insecta AgaP_AGAP002570 34
  • 54.55 (n)
fruit fly
(Drosophila melanogaster)
 Insecta CG4573 34 35
  • 53.88 (n)
worm
(Caenorhabditis elegans)
 Secernentea ears-2 34 35
  • 45.89 (n)
A. gosspyii yeast
(Ashbya gossypii)
 Saccharomycetes AGOS_AEL338C 34
  • 45.66 (n)
K. lactis yeast
(Kluyveromyces lactis)
 Saccharomycetes KLLA0F07975g 34
  • 43.28 (n)
baker's yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
 Saccharomycetes MSE1 34 35
  • 42.7 (n)
thale cress
(Arabidopsis thaliana)
 eudicotyledons ERS 34
  • 44.84 (n)
rice
(Oryza sativa)
 Liliopsida Os02g0121000 34
  • 45.94 (n)
fission yeast
(Schizosaccharomyces pombe)
 Schizosaccharomycetes mse1 34
  • 43.54 (n)
sea squirt
(Ciona savignyi)
 Ascidiacea -- 35
  • 43 (a)
 OneToOne
Species where no ortholog for EARS2 was found in the sources mined by GeneCards:
  • Actinobacteria (Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
  • African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis)
  • Alicante grape (Vitis vinifera)
  • alpha proteobacteria (Wolbachia pipientis)
  • amoeba (Dictyostelium discoideum)
  • Archea (Pyrococcus horikoshii)
  • barley (Hordeum vulgare)
  • beta proteobacteria (Neisseria meningitidis)
  • bread mold (Neurospora crassa)
  • Chromalveolata (Phytophthora infestans)
  • common water flea (Daphnia pulex)
  • corn (Zea mays)
  • E. coli (Escherichia coli)
  • filamentous fungi (Aspergillus nidulans)
  • Firmicute bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae)
  • green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)
  • honey bee (Apis mellifera)
  • loblloly pine (Pinus taeda)
  • malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum)
  • medicago trunc (Medicago Truncatula)
  • moss (Physcomitrella patens)
  • orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
  • pig (Sus scrofa)
  • rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
  • rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea)
  • schistosome parasite (Schistosoma mansoni)
  • sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis)
  • sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
  • sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
  • soybean (Glycine max)
  • stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis)
  • sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)
  • tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)
  • toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii)
  • Trichoplax (Trichoplax adhaerens)
  • wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Evolution for EARS2 Gene

ENSEMBL:
Gene Tree for EARS2 (if available)
TreeFam:
Gene Tree for EARS2 (if available)

Paralogs for EARS2 Gene

(1) SIMAP similar genes for EARS2 Gene using alignment to 8 proteins:

genes like me logo Genes that share paralogs with EARS2: view

No data available for Paralogs for EARS2 Gene

Variants for EARS2 Gene

Sequence variations from dbSNP and Humsavar for EARS2 Gene

SNP ID Clin Chr 16 pos Sequence Context AA Info Type
rs141129877 Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12) [MIM:614924] 23,535,176(+) GAAGC(C/T)GTCGC nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
rs201727231 Pathogenic, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12) [MIM:614924] 23,524,396(+) GGATC(C/T)GTTCC nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
rs201842633 Pathogenic, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12) [MIM:614924] 23,544,671(+) AGGAC(C/T)GCCCC nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
rs376103091 Pathogenic, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12) [MIM:614924] 23,544,677(+) GCCCC(A/G)GCGGG nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense
rs397514591 Pathogenic, Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12) [MIM:614924] 23,535,344(-) GGTGC(A/G)GGAAC nc-transcript-variant, reference, missense

Structural Variations from Database of Genomic Variants (DGV) for EARS2 Gene

Variant ID Type Subtype PubMed ID
dgv2826n100 CNV gain 25217958
esv990394 CNV deletion 20482838
nsv1123018 CNV deletion 24896259
nsv1134510 CNV deletion 24896259
nsv475159 CNV novel sequence insertion 20440878

Variation tolerance for EARS2 Gene

Residual Variation Intolerance Score: 79.7% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)
Gene Damage Index Score: 3.96; 59.81% of all genes are more intolerant (likely to be disease-causing)

Relevant External Links for EARS2 Gene

Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD)
EARS2
SNPedia medical, phenotypic, and genealogical associations of SNPs for
EARS2

No data available for Polymorphic Variants from UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for EARS2 Gene

Disorders for EARS2 Gene

MalaCards: The human disease database

(4) MalaCards diseases for EARS2 Gene - From: OMIM, ClinVar, GeneTests, Orphanet, Swiss-Prot, DISEASES, and GeneCards

Disorder Aliases PubMed IDs
combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12
  • leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brainstem involvement and high lactate
streptococcal meningitis
combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency
encephalomalacia
- elite association - COSMIC cancer census association via MalaCards
Search EARS2 in MalaCards View complete list of genes associated with diseases

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

SYEM_HUMAN
  • Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 12 (COXPD12) [MIM:614924]: An autosomal recessive, mitochondrial, neurologic disorder characterized by onset in infancy of hypotonia and delayed psychomotor development, or early developmental regression, associated with T2-weighted hyperintensities in the deep cerebral white matter, brainstem, and cerebellar white matter. Serum lactate is increased due to a defect in mitochondrial respiration. There are 2 main phenotypic groups: those with a milder disease course and some recovery of skills after age 2 years, and those with a severe disease course resulting in marked disability. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:22492562, ECO:0000269 PubMed:23008233, ECO:0000269 PubMed:26741492}. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Relevant External Links for EARS2

Genetic Association Database (GAD)
EARS2
Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator
EARS2
Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology:
EARS2
genes like me logo Genes that share disorders with EARS2: view

No data available for Genatlas for EARS2 Gene

Publications for EARS2 Gene

  1. Leukoencephalopathy with thalamus and brainstem involvement and high lactate 'LTBL' caused by EARS2 mutations. (PMID: 22492562) Steenweg M.E. … Zeviani M. (Brain 2012) 2 3 4 64
  2. Toward the full set of human mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases: characterization of AspRS and TyrRS. (PMID: 15779907) Bonnefond L. … Sissler M. (Biochemistry 2005) 2 3 4 64
  3. Multisystem fatal infantile disease caused by a novel homozygous EARS2 mutation. (PMID: 23008233) Talim B. … Horvath R. (Brain 2013) 3 4 64
  4. Genetic variants in nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes influence AIDS progression. (PMID: 20877624) Hendrickson S.L. … O'Brien S.J. (PLoS ONE 2010) 3 46 64
  5. Biogenesis of glutaminyl-mt tRNAGln in human mitochondria. (PMID: 19805282) Nagao A. … Suzuki T. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009) 2 3 64

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