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DRD4 Gene

protein-coding GIFtS: 64

GC11P000627

dopamine receptor D4
Symbol approved by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) database

(According to ¹HGNC, ²Entrez Gene,
³UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁴UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁵OMIM, ⁶GeneLoc , and/or ⁷Ensembl, ⁸miRBase)
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Aliases & Descriptions
dopamine receptor D4¹ ²
Dopamine D4 receptor² ³
D(2C) dopamine receptor² ³
d(4) dopamine receptor²
seven transmembrane helix receptor²
D4DR²

External Ids:	HGNC: 3025¹	Entrez Gene: 1815²	Ensembl: ENSG00000069696⁷	UniProtKB: P21917³

Search outside databases for aliases for DRD4 gene

Previous GC identifers: GC11P001092 GC11M000923 GC11M000559

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
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Entrez Gene summary for DRD4:

This gene encodes the D4 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D4 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which

inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Mutations in this

gene have been associated with various behavioral phenotypes, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction,

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This gene contains a

polymorphic number (2-10 copies) of tandem 48 nt repeats; the sequence shown contains four repeats. (provided by

RefSeq)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917

Function: This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated

by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase

summary for DRD4:

D4 receptors are members of the dopamine receptor G-protein-coupled receptor family that also includes D1,

D2, D3 and D5. They are located primarily in the frontal cortex, midbrain, amygdala and the cardiovascular

system. The function of the D4 receptor is unknown, although a role in cognition and emotion has been

proposed. The human D4 receptor gene has been localized to chromosome 11 (11q15.5).

Gene Wiki entry for DRD4 (Dopamine receptor D4)

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC and Ensembl (release 56), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to SABiosciences)
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Regulatory elements:

SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the DRD4 gene upstream (promoter) region

:
deltaCREB CREB NF-kappaB1 C/EBPalpha NF-kappaB STAT1 STAT1alpha STAT1beta c-Myc Max1

Epigenetics:

SABiosciences Methyl-Profiler DNA Methylation qPCR Primer Assays for DRD4:

MePH14593-3A MePH14592-1A

Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.5 Ensembl cytogenetic band: 11p15.5 HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.5

DRD4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)

GeneLoc gene densities for chromosome 11 GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11P000627: view genomic region (about GC identifiers)

Start:	637,293 bp from pter
End:	640,706 bp from pter
Size:	3,414 bases
Orientation:	plus strand

RefSeq DNA sequence:

NC_000011.9 NT_009237.18

(According to ¹UniProtKB, and/or Ensembl, Phosphorylation sites according to ²Phosphosite, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Enzo Life Sciences, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Sino Biological,
Biochemical Assays by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, and/or Enzo Life Sciences, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, Abnova, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, and/or Epitomics)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917 (See protein sequence)

Recommended Name: D(4) dopamine receptor

Size: 467 amino acids; 48361 Da

Subunit: Interacts with CLIC6 (By similarity) and GPRASP1

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAL58637.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;

Secondary accessions: B0M0J7 Q7Z7Q5

Post-translational modifications:

View phosphorylation sites using PhosphoSite²

REFSEQ proteins: NP_000788.2

ENSEMBL proteins:

ENSP00000176183

Human Recombinant Proteins

	Millipore Purified and/or Recombinant DRD4 Protein
	Browse Human Recombinant Proteins at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for human recombinant proteins
	Browse recombinant and purified proteins available from Enzo Life Sciences
	Browse Abnova for HuPro® and/or Recombinant Proteins
	Browse Origene full length recombinant human proteins expressed in human HEK293 cells
	Browse Sino Biological Recombinant Proteins

5/11 Gene Ontology (GO) cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0005737	cytoplasm	--	--
GO:0005886	plasma membrane	IEA	--
GO:0005887	integral to plasma membrane	IDA	8413587 9843378 15755724
GO:0005938	cell cortex	--	--
GO:0012506	vesicle membrane	--	--

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DRD4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Antibodies for DRD4:

	Millipore Mono- and Polyclonal Antibodies for the study of DRD4
	Sigma-Aldrich Antibodies for DRD4
	Browse R&D Systems for Antibodies
	Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies from Abnova (DRD4)
	Browse Origene Antibodies
	Novus Biologicals Antibodies for DRD4
	Browse antibodies at Epitomics

Assays for DRD4:

	Browse Kits and Assays available from Millipore
	Browse ELISAs at Sigma-Aldrich
	Browse R&D Systems for biochemical assays
	Browse Enzo Life Sciences for kits & assays

(According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
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DRD4 for domains About GeneDecksing

4 InterPro domains/families:

IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_supfam

IPR000929 Dopamine_rcpt

IPR000276 7TM_GPCR_Rhodpsn

IPR002185 Dopa_D4_rcpt

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21917

ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21917

2 Blocks protein families:

IPB000929 Dopamine receptor signature

IPB002185 Dopamine D4 receptor signature

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917

Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family

(According to MGI May 08 2010, UniProtKB, IUBMB,and/or Genatlas,
shRNA from OriGene, Sigma-Aldrich, RNAi from Millipore, Abnova, siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich, Clones from Millipore, Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, Sino Biological, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene.)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (DRD4)
		Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector: DRD4 Origene shRNA RFP: DRD4 Origene basic RS shRNA: DRD4
		Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs for DRD4
		Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for DRD4 Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for DRD4 Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

Clones:		Browse Clones for the Expression of Recombinant Proteins Available from Millipore
		Browse iPSC Reprogramming Factors at Sigma-Aldrich
		Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: DRD4 Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: DRD4 Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): DRD4
		Browse Sino Biological Human cDNA Clones

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917

Function: This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated

by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase

Genatlas biochemistry entry for DRD4:

dopamine receptor D4,with high affinity for antagonist clozapine,G protein coupled receptor superfamily,not imprinted

in the human brain (putatively involved in the susceptibility to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome),and a wide range of

neuropsychiatric disorders and normal behavioural variation

5/10 Gene Ontology (GO) molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 10 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0001591	dopamine receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go	IDA	1840645
GO:0001593	dopamine D4 receptor activity	ISS	--
GO:0004872	receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0004930	G-protein coupled receptor activity	IEA	--
GO:0004952	dopamine receptor activity	IDA	8413587

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DRD4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

Animal Models: 2 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Drd4):

behavior/neurological

nervous system

DRD4 for phenotypes About GeneDecksing

(Pathways according to Millipore, Cell Signaling Technology, Sigma-Aldrich, Applied Biosystems GeneAssist, KEGG and/or UniProtKB, (map by GeneGo),
Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Proteins Network according to SABiosciences, Interactions according to ¹UniProtKB, ²MINT, and/or ³STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 May 2010 via Entrez Gene).
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DRD4 for pathways About GeneDecksing

3 Sigma-Aldrich "Your Favorite Gene" Pathways for DRD4 (Your Favorite Gene powered by Ingenuity)

	cAMP-mediated Signaling
	G-Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling
	Dopamine Receptor Signaling

2 GeneAssist Pathways for DRD4

	Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway
	CDK5 Pathway

1 Kegg Pathway (Kegg details for DRD4):

hsa04080 Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

SABiosciences Gene Network Central^TM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for DRD4

5/31 Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 31 ):

GO ID	Qualified GO term	Evidence	PubMed IDs
GO:0000187	activation of MAPK activity	IDA	9843378 15755724
GO:0001662	behavioral fear response	NAS	12860355
GO:0001963	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	--	--
GO:0001975	response to amphetamine	ISS	--
GO:0006874	cellular calcium ion homeostasis	IC	7921596

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DRD4 for ontologies About GeneDecksing

(Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, Sigma-Aldrich, Tocris Bioscience, and/or Novoseek and Drugs according to Enzo Life Sciences and/or PharmGKB)
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DRD4 for compounds About GeneDecksing

Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for DRD4

Sigma-Aldrich Small Molecules for DRD4:

Small Molecule - Inhibitor Small Molecule - Antagonist Small Molecule - Agonist Small Molecule - Metabolite Small Molecule - Mixed Agonist/Antagonist Small Molecule - Blocker

Small Molecule - Ligand

Compounds for DRD4 available from Tocris Bioscience

Compound	Action	CAS number
PD 168568 dihydrochloride	Potent and selective D4 antagonist	[210688-56-5]
PD 168077 maleate	High affinity, selective D4 agonist
L-741,742 hydrochloride	Highly selective D4 antagonist	[156337-32-5]
L-745,870 trihydrochloride	Highly selective D4 antagonist	[158985-00-3]

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10/129 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for DRD4 gene (see all 129 )

Compound	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
dopamine	100.00	721	8248849 (9), 12133912 (8), 7909222 (7), 16978659 (7) (see all 100)
clozapine	78.69	77	7944879 (7), 8693618 (4), 8695053 (3), 8248849 (3) (see all 48)
maoa	13.79	10	19566713 (1), 19506906 (1), 19270759 (1), 19086113 (1) (see all 10)
heroin	10.81	20	20218801 (5), 16703401 (4), 11054768 (4), 16167465 (2) (see all 8)
fananserin	10.59	4	8957240 (4)
methylphenidate	9.03	15	17077808 (6), 15662148 (2), 18214865 (1), 17955457 (1) (see all 9)
pipamperone	7.98	4	16978659 (4)
8-methyl-6-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-11h-pyrido(2,3-b)(1,4)benzodiazepine	6.62	2	15922324 (1), 10422767 (1)
raclopride	6.14	6	8248849 (2), 9765336 (1), 15922324 (1), 10366012 (1) (see all 5)
l-745870	5.56	2	8642550 (1), 11312915 (1)

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1 PharmGKB drug compound relationship for DRD4 gene

Drug compound	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
antipsychotics	CO GN	20349854

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(GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
Unigene (Build 223 Homo sapiens; Apr 2 2010) or GenBank,
RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView,
non coding RNAs according to RNAdb,
ESTs according to GeneTide,
exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
RNAi Products from Millipore and/or Abnova,
siRNAs from Applied Biosystems, Sigma-Aldrich,
shRNA from Sigma-Aldrich, OriGene, microRNA from SABiosciences,
Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems)
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Inhib. RNA:		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from Millipore
		Abnova Chimera RNAi Products for Gene knock-down (DRD4)
		Applied Biosystems Silencer® siRNAs: NM_000797
		Origene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector: DRD4 Origene shRNA RFP: DRD4 Origene basic RS shRNA: DRD4
		Sigma-Aldrich siRNA Panels and siRNA for DRD4 Sigma-Aldrich shRNA Panels and shRNA for DRD4 Explore Sigma-Aldrich super-pooled esiRNAs

microRNA:

Search SABiosciences for microRNAs that regulate DRD4:

Assays:

Applied Biosystems TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays:

NM_000797

Clones:

Origene GFP tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: DRD4
Origene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector: DRD4
Origene untagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector (see all 2): DRD4

Primers:		Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: DRD4
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for DRD4: PPH10809A

REFSEQ mRNAs for DRD4 gene:

NM_000797.2

Additional cDNA sequence:

EU432112.1 L12398.1 S76942.1

3 DOTS entries:

DT.97854770 DT.97854768 DT.100748281

22 AceView cDNA sequences:

BM931265 BM674709 NM_000797 BM725264 BQ187919 BF224406 BQ188490 BM929293

CA418876 BX282376 BQ187417 AI628607 BE222894 H46232 BM694620 L12398

BM727107 BM722840 BM713372 BM929265 AA419163 BQ186689

highest scoring ESTs for DRD4:

L12398 BM713372 BM722840 BM727107 BM674709 NM_000797 AA419163 AI628607 BE222894 BF224406

Unigene Cluster for DRD4:

Dopamine receptor D4

Hs.99922 [show with all ESTs]

Unigene Representative Sequence: L12398

GeneLoc Exon Structure

1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation:

ENST00000176183

(Experimental results according to ¹GeneNote and GNF BioGPS,
probe sets-to-genes annotations according to ²GeneAnnot , ³GeneTide , Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Electronic Northern calculations according to data from UniGene (Build 223 Homo sapiens), SAGE tags according to CGAP, plus additional links to SOURCE, and/or GNF BioGPS, and/or EXPOLDB, and/or UniProtKB,
Expression Assays from Applied Biosystems, Primers from OriGene and/or SABiosciences )
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DRD4 expression in normal and diseased human tissues

Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Gene Expression Assays for DRD4

¹ / ² / ³

3 probe-sets matching DRD4 gene

Affymetrix probe-set	Array	# genes	Sensitivity	Specificity	Correlation	Length	Gb_Accession	Consensus	Uniqueness	Score	Rank
Affymetrix probe-set	Array	GeneAnnot data			GeneNote data		GeneTide data
35042_at²^{, 3}	U95-A	1	0.44	1.00	1.00	1.00	L12398	1.00	1.00	1.00	1
208215_x_at²^{, 3}	U133-A	1	0.55	1.00	--	--	NM_000797	0.60	1.00	0.82	1
208215_x_at²	U133Plus2	1	0.55	1.00	--	--	--	--	--	--	--

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DRD4 for expression About GeneDecksing

Data from Genenote (Publications) and GNF BioGPS
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CGAP SAGE TAG: AGGGTCCTGC

SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.99922

Expression variation in blood from EXPOLDB for DRD4

Primers:		Origene genome-wide validated SYBR primer pairs: DRD4
		SABiosciences RT2 qPCR Primer Assay for DRD4: PPH10809A

(Orthologs according to ^1,2HomoloGene (²older version, for species not in ¹newer version), ³euGenes, ⁴SGD and/or ⁵MGI May 08 2010, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, Gene Trees according to Ensembl)
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Orthologs for DRD4 gene from 5/6 species (see all 6 )

Organism	Gene	Locus	Description	Human Similarity	NCBI accessions
chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes)	DRD4¹	--	dopamine receptor D4	96.95(n) 95.42(a)	449578 XM_001149749.1 XP_001149749.1
rat (Rattus norvegicus)	Drd4¹	--	dopamine receptor D4	80.43(n) 78.96(a)	25432 NM_012944.1 NP_037076.1
mouse (Mus musculus)	Drd4^{1, 5}	7 (70.10 cM)⁵	dopamine receptor 4^{1, 5}	81.14(n)¹ 79.33(a)¹	13491¹ NM_007878.2¹ NP_031904.1¹ AK044379⁵ AK044436⁵ (see all 13)
chicken (Gallus gallus)	DRD4¹	--	dopamine receptor D4	66.97(n) 61.82(a)	423016 XM_420947.2 XP_420947.2
zebrafish (Danio rerio)	drd4a¹	--	dopamine receptor D4a	62.39(n) 60.11(a)	503564 NM_001012616.2 NP_001012634.1

About this table Species with no ortholog for DRD4

ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DRD4

(Paralogs according to ¹HomoloGene
and ²Ensembl, Pseudogenes according to ³Pseudogene.org)
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Paralogs for DRD4 gene

HTR6² HTR2A² HTR1A² DRD2² HTR1F² HRH2² HTR2C² ADRA2A²

ADRA1A² DRD3² HTR1B² ADRB1² ADRA1B² HTR2B² ADRA2C² HTR7²

DRD1² ADRB2² HTR1D² ADRA2B² HTR4² DRD5² ADRB3² HTR1E²

HTR5A² ADRA1D²

DRD4 for paralogs About GeneDecksing

(SNPs according to the ¹NCBI SNP Database, ²Ensembl, ³PupaSUITE, and UniProtKB, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Genotyping Reagents from Applied Biosystems)
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UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917

Polymorphism: The number of repeats of 16 amino acids in the third cytoplasmic loop is highly polymorphic and varies

among different alleles. Alleles corresponding in size to a 2 (D4.2), 3 (D4.3), 4 (D4.4), 5 (D4.5), 6 (D4.6), 7 (D4.7)

and 9 (D4.9) repeats have been described. The sequence shown is that of allele D4.7. The polymorphic repeat sequence

has little influence on DRD4-binding profiles and might not be essential for G protein interaction

10/22 NCBI SNPs in DRD4 are shown (see all 22 )
(Click for Applied Biosystems TaqMan ® Genotyping Assay) (see all 29)

AB	SNP ID	Valid	Chr 11 pos	Sequence	Recs	AA Chg	Type	More	Recs	Pop	Total sample	More
AB	Genomic Data				Transcription Related Data				Allele Frequencies
				--	--	--		--	--			--
--	rs936462^1,2	C,F,A,H	451899(+)	`tgaggA/Gccaga`	1	--	ng5¹		3	EU NA	24
--	rs747302^1,2	C,F,A,H	451898(+)	`CTGAGA/C/GGCCAG`	1	--	ng5¹		3	EU NA	180
	rs936461^1,2	C,F,A	451705(+)	`AACCTG/ACTGTC`	1	--	ng5¹		9	MN NA	594
--	rs3889692^1,2	F,A,H	640090(+)	`CGCCCC/GCCGCG`	2	P A	mis¹ ref¹ ese³		4	NS EA	416
	rs916456^1,2	C,F,A	452149(+)	`CGGGTA/GGGATG`	1	--	ng5¹		6	MN	592
--	rs916457^1,2	C,F,A	452222(+)	`TTTCTC/TGGGTC`	1	--	ng5¹		7	MN EA	680
	rs1800443^1,2	C,F	639830(+)	`CGTGGT/GCTACT`	2	/G /V	mis¹ ref¹ ese³		10	MN NS EA	1010
	rs936460^1,2	C,F	451408(+)	`ACCTTT/CGAGGT`	1	--	ng5¹		7	EA NA MN	352
	rs3758653^1,2	C,F	451608(+)	`TAGAAT/CTCTCT`	1	--	ng5¹		10	MN NS EA	910
	rs916455^1,2	C,F	452137(+)	`GCACGC/TACGGG`	1	--	ng5¹		9	MN NA EA	770

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HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium images for DRD4 (up to first 250kb)
Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 5 variations for DRD4
5 CNVs: 3831 29884 29882 4725 29883

(in which this Gene is Involved, According to OMIM, UniProtKB, Novoseek, PharmGKB, Genatlas, GeneTests, Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, LSDB, HGMD, GAD, HuGE Navigator, BCGD, and/or TGDB.)
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DRD4 for disorders About GeneDecksing

OMIM: 126452

10/101 Novoseek disease relationships for DRD4 gene (see all 101 )

Disease	Score	Articles	PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
adhd	100.00	336	20172533 (6), 17679637 (6), 16917940 (6), 15863792 (6) (see all 100)
schizophrenia	67.01	129	16829780 (5), 8546161 (4), 8135305 (4), 7909222 (4) (see all 82)
variable number tandem repeat	58.76	32	20218801 (5), 16829780 (4), 11718085 (4), 16703401 (3) (see all 18)
psychosis	18.15	42	10490703 (5), 10050966 (5), 9353244 (3), 19275926 (3) (see all 22)
delusional	16.49	14	9754691 (4), 15364409 (2), 10490704 (2), 10490703 (2) (see all 6)
mood disorder	14.80	25	9754692 (3), 9754691 (3), 11992560 (3), 11992558 (3) (see all 14)
bipolar disorder	13.80	29	7903509 (3), 7810585 (3), 10646829 (3), 10490710 (3) (see all 17)
syndrome tourette	9.83	14	8725747 (3), 8751866 (2), 15094788 (2), 10402503 (2) (see all 9)
dependence; heroin	9.18	7	20218801 (3), 18991844 (1), 16703401 (1), 16167465 (1) (see all 5)
methamphetamine abuse	9.12	5	15274053 (4), 11901357 (1)

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1 PharmGKB disease relationship for DRD4 gene

Disease	PharmGKB Relations	PubMed IDs for articles supporting these relationships
Schizophrenia	CO GN	20349854

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Human Gene Mutation Database: DRD4
Genetic Association Database: DRD4
Human Genome Epidemiology Navigator: DRD4 (354 documents)

(Possibly Related Articles in Doctor's Guide)
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Gene Polymorphism May Affect Efficacy of Bupropion for Smoking Cessation: Presented at SRNT

(in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via ¹Novoseek, ²HGNC, ³Entrez Gene, ⁴UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, ⁵UniProtKB/TrEMBL, ⁶GAD, and/or ⁷PharmGKB)
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10/701 PubMed articles for DRD4 gene (see all 701 ):

Association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III repeat polymorphism with temperament in 3-year-old infants. (PubMed id 12687422)^{1, 3, 6} De Luca A....Dallapiccola B. (2003)
No association of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and -521 C/T promoter polymorphisms with infant attachment disorganization. (PubMed id 15513263)^{1, 3, 6} Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J. and Van Ijzendoorn M.H. (2004)
Meta-analysis of the association between the 7-repeat allele of the dopamine D(4) receptor gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (PubMed id 11431226)^{1, 3, 6} Faraone S.V....Biederman J. (2001)
Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphism in the first psychotic episode. (PubMed id 11282178)^{1, 3, 6} Rinetti G....Nicolini H. (2001)
Further evidence for the role of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene in attachment disorganization: interaction of the exon III 48-bp repeat and the -521 C/T promoter polymorphisms. (PubMed id 11803443)^{1, 3, 6} Lakatos K....Gervai J. (2002)
The association of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) and the serotonin transporter promoter gene (5-HTTLPR) with temperament in 12-month-old infants. (PubMed id 11583250)^{1, 3, 6} Auerbach J.G....Levine J. (2001)
Novelty seeking: interaction between parental alcohol use and dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III polymorphism over 17 years. (PubMed id 15900228)^{1, 3, 6} Lahti J....Keltikangas-Jarvinen L. (2005)
Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele. (PubMed id 15578612)^{1, 3, 6} Leung P.W....Swanson J. (2005)
Association of the DRD4 exon III polymorphism with smoking in fifteen-year-olds: a mediating role for novelty seeking? (PubMed id 15843770)^{1, 3, 6} Laucht M....Schmidt M.H. (2005)
Family-based association study of DAT1 and DRD4 polymorphism in Korean children with ADHD. (PubMed id 16165273)^{1, 3, 6} Kim Y.S....Cook E.H. (2005)

(in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
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(According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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Entrez Gene: 1815	HGNC: 3025	AceView: DRD4	Ensembl:ENSG00000069696	euGenes: HUgn1815
ECgene: DRD4	Kegg: 1815	H-InvDB: DRD4

(According to HUGE)
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(According to ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, MTDB, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
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Intellectual Property for DRD4 gene
(Patent information from GeneIP, Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts, IP news from XenneX, Inc.)

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Patent Information for DRD4 gene:

Search GeneIP for patents involving DRD4

GeneCards and IP:

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GeneCards Homepage - Last full update: 21 May 2010 - Incremental updates: 24 May 2010 , 20 Jun 2010

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