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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

DRD4 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 65
GCID: GC11P000646

dopamine receptor D4
 Explore 72 diseases affiliated with
DRD4 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for DRD4    

Aliases
for DRD4 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Dopamine Receptor D41 2
Dopamine D4 Receptor2 3
D(2C) Dopamine Receptor2 3
D4DR2
D(4) Dopamine Receptor2
Seven Transmembrane Helix Receptor2

External Ids:    HGNC: 30251   Entrez Gene: 18152   Ensembl: ENSG000000696967   OMIM: 1264525   UniProtKB: P219173   

Export aliases for DRD4 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC11P001092 GC11M000923 GC11M000559 GC11P000627 GC11P000452 GC11P000638


Summaries
for DRD4 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for DRD4:
This gene encodes the D4 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D4 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which
inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Mutations in this
gene have been associated with various behavioral phenotypes, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction,
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This gene contains a
polymorphic number (2-10 copies) of tandem 48 nt repeats; the sequence shown contains four repeats. (provided by
RefSeq, Jul 2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917
Function: Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the
brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl
cyclase

summary for DRD4:
D4 receptors are members of the dopamine receptor G-protein-coupled receptor family that also includes D1,
D2, D3 and D5. They are located primarily in the frontal cortex, midbrain, amygdala and the cardiovascular
system. The function of the D4 receptor is unknown, although a role in cognition and emotion has been
proposed. The human D4 receptor gene has been localized to chromosome 11 (11q15.5).

Gene Wiki entry for DRD4 (Dopamine receptor D4)


Genomic Views
for DRD4 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000011.9  NC_018922.1  NT_009237.18  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the DRD4 gene promoter:
         Sp1   p300   C/EBPalpha   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: DRD4 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for DRD4

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat DRD4


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 11p15.5   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  11p15.5   HGNC cytogenetic band: 11p15.5

DRD4 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
DRD4 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 11         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC11P000646:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 637,293 bp from pter      End:
 640,706 bp from pter
Size:
 3,414 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for DRD4 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: D(4) dopamine receptor  
Size: 467 amino acids; 48361 Da
Subunit: Forms homo- and heterooligomers with DRD2. D4.7 allele exhibits higher affinity for homodimers compared to
DRD2 heterodimers, while alleles D42. and 4.4 have similar affinities for both. The interaction with DRD2 may modulate
agonist-induced downstream signaling. Interacts with CLIC6 (By similarity) and GPRASP1. May interact with ADORA2A.
Interacts with KLHL12
Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
Sequence caution: Sequence=AAL58637.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction;
Secondary accessions: B0M0J7 Q7Z7Q5 Q8NGM5

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for DRD4: NX_P21917

Post-translational modifications:

  • Polyubiquitinated by the BCR(KLHL12) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex: polyubiquitination does not lead to degradation of
    • DRD4 protein1
  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_P21917

    • DRD4 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_000788.2  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000176183  
    Reactome Protein details: P21917
    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    Uscn Proteins for DRD4

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/11 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 11):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0005737cytoplasm ----
    GO:0005886plasma membrane TAS--
    GO:0005887integral to plasma membrane IDA15755724
    GO:0005938cell cortex IEA--
    GO:0012506vesicle membrane IEA--


    DRD4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for DRD4

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for DRD4 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section
    DRD4 for domains           About GeneDecksing

    4 InterPro domains/families:
     IPR017452 GPCR_Rhodpsn_7TM
     IPR000929 Dopamine_rcpt
     IPR000276 GPCR_Rhodpsn
     IPR002185 Dopa_D4_rcpt

    Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry P21917

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: P21917

    2 Blocks protein families:
    IPB000929 Dopamine receptor signature
    IPB002185 Dopamine D4 receptor signature


    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917
    Similarity: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


    Function
    for DRD4 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917
    Function: Dopamine receptor responsible for neuronal signaling in the mesolimbic system of the brain, an area of the
    brain that regulates emotion and complex behavior. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl
    cyclase

         Genatlas biochemistry entry for DRD4:
    dopamine receptor D4,with high affinity for antagonist clozapine,G protein coupled receptor superfamily,not imprinted
    in the human brain (putatively involved in the susceptibility to Gilles de la Tourette syndrome),and a wide range of
    neuropsychiatric disorders and normal behavioural variation

    miRNA
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    Browse SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmids
    Inhib. RNA
    Products:            		Browse for Gene Knock-down Tools from EMD Millipore
    OriGene 29mer shRNA kits in GFP-retroviral vector in human, mouse, rat for DRD4 (see all 7)
    OriGene shRNA RFP: DRD4
    OriGene siRNA: DRD4
    QIAGEN FlexiTube/FlexiPlate siRNA for gene silencing in human, mouse, rat DRD4

    Gene Editing
    Products:    		DNA2.0 Custom Protein Engineering Service for DRD4

    Clone
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    OriGene Myc/DDK tagged cDNA clones in CMV expression vector in human, mouse, rat for DRD4 (see all 3)
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    Vector BioLabs ready-to-use adenovirus/AAV for human, mouse, rat DRD4 

    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for DRD4

    In Situ Assay
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         		Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for DRD4

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/7 molecular function terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 7):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001591dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go ISS--
    GO:0004952dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity IDA8413587
    GO:0005515protein binding IPI12297500
    GO:0008144drug binding IDA8413587
    GO:0015459potassium channel regulator activity NAS12297500


    DRD4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-outs for DRD4: Drd4tm1Dkg Drd4tm1(IL2RA)Tao
         4 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 2 alleles) (MGI details for Drd4):
     behavior/neurological  homeostasis/metabolism  nervous system  vision/eye 

    DRD4 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for DRD4 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section

    Unified GeneCards pathways - 5/9 super-pathways (see all 9) About this table 
    See pathways by source

    Super-pathwaycontained gene-specific pathways
    1Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    		Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)1.00
    		GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like0.41
    		GPCR ligand binding0.75
    		Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction0.38
    		G alpha (i) signalling events0.44
    2Signaling by GPCR
    		Signaling by GPCR1.00
    		Signal Transduction0.56
    		GPCR downstream signaling0.89
    3Monoamine GPCRs
    		Monoamine GPCRs1.00
    		Amine ligand-binding receptors0.79
    4Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics
    		Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics1.00
    		Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons0.44
    5Dopamine receptors
    		Dopamine receptors1.00

    Pathway sources
    See GeneCards unified pathways
    Show all pathways

    2 Downloadable PowerPoint Slides of QIAGEN Pathway Central Maps for DRD4
        CDK5 Pathway
    Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway

    5 BioSystems Pathways for DRD4 
        Nicotine Activity on Dopaminergic Neurons
    Hypothetical Network for Drug Addiction
    GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like
    GPCRs, Other
    Monoamine GPCRs

    5/8        Reactome Pathways for DRD4 (see all 8)
        GPCR downstream signaling
    Signaling by GPCR
    GPCR ligand binding
    Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors)
    Dopamine receptors

    1 PharmGKB Pathway for DRD4
        Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics

    1         Kegg Pathway  (Kegg details for DRD4):
        Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction


    DRD4 for pathways           About GeneDecksing

    Interactions:

        SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Network for DRD4

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 5 interactants - click image to see 25)

    5/159 Interacting proteins for DRD4 (P219172, 3 ENSP000001761834) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D (see all 159)
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    DRD4P219172MINT-8090346 MINT-8090371 MINT-8090394
    KCNJ9Q928063, ENSP000003570674I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000357067
    KLHL12Q53G593, ENSP000003562304I2D: score=2 STRING: ENSP00000356230
    KCNJ3P485493, ENSP000002951014I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000295101
    KCNJ5P485443, ENSP000003399604I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000339960
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5/31 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view) (see all 31):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0000187activation of MAPK activity IDA15755724
    GO:0001662behavioral fear response NAS12860355
    GO:0001963synaptic transmission, dopaminergic IEA--
    GO:0001975response to amphetamine ISS--
    GO:0006874cellular calcium ion homeostasis IC7921596


    DRD4 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for DRD4 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section

    DRD4 for compounds           About GeneDecksing

    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Enzo Life Sciences drugs & compounds for DRD4

    Compounds for DRD4 available from Tocris Bioscience    About this table
    CompoundAction CAS #
    PD 168568 dihydrochloridePotent and selective D4 antagonist[210688-56-5]
    PD 168077 maleate High affinity, selective D4 agonist [630117-19-0]
    L-741,742 hydrochloride Highly selective D4 antagonist[156337-32-5]
    L-745,870 trihydrochloride Highly selective D4 antagonist[158985-00-3]
    SonepiprazoleSelective D4 receptor antagonist[170858-33-0]

    2 HMDB Compounds for DRD4    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #PubMed Ids
    Dopamine2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (see all 22)62-31-7--
    OlanzapineLanzac (see all 5)132539-06-1--

    10/22 DrugBank Compounds for DRD4 (see all 22)    About this table
    CompoundSynonyms CAS #TypeActionsPubMed Ids
    ApomorphineApomorfin (see all 9)41372-20-7targetagonist9497025 17067298 15007532 11752352 17164075 9871530 18691132
    Clozapine-- 5786-21-0targetantagonist13129658 16223700 11752352 15886414 12763097 15992586
    Levodopa3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (see all 4)59-92-7targetagonist11978145 18549347 9633680
    CabergolineCabergolina [Spanish] (see all 2)81409-90-7targetagonist18691132 12388667
    Olanzapine-- 132539-06-1targetantagonist16237394 11752352
    Paliperidone-- 144598-75-4targetantagonist7520908 7531353
    Pramipexole-- 104632-26-0targetagonist11752352 18691132
    PromazinePromazin (see all 2)58-40-2targetantagonist17139284 17016423
    Propiomazine-- 362-29-8targetantagonist17139284 17016423
    Risperidonerisperdone (see all 3)106266-06-2targetantagonist7520908 7531353

    10/56 Novoseek chemical compound relationships for DRD4 gene (see all 56)    About this table
    Compound   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    dopamine 87.9 471 12587848 (3), 10050966 (2), 10412189 (2), 10490700 (2) (see all 99)
    maoa 78.3 24 20218801 (3), 12773616 (2), 17918108 (2), 18239643 (1) (see all 16)
    clozapine 75.9 57 7944879 (7), 8693618 (4), 7737323 (3), 8866760 (2) (see all 29)
    fananserin 67.5 3 8957240 (3)
    raclopride 62.9 2 8248849 (1), 9765336 (1)
    melperone 62.7 1 8102973 (1)
    spiperone 59.6 4 9042615 (1), 9353380 (1), 7873121 (1), 9843378 (1)
    methylphenidate 55.4 24 17077808 (5), 10596245 (1), 10889550 (1), 17955457 (1) (see all 7)
    haloperidol 47.2 3 16288878 (1), 9042615 (1), 7873121 (1)
    apomorphine 42.6 2 8097160 (1), 10832611 (1)

    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about DRD4 

    Transcripts
    for DRD4 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
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    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for DRD4 gene: 
    NM_000797.3  

    Unigene Cluster for DRD4:

    Dopamine receptor D4
    Hs.99922  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: L12398
    2 Ensembl transcripts including schematic representations, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000176183(uc001lqp.2) ENST00000528733

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    Inhib. RNA
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    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: 

    EU432112.1 L12398.1 S76942.1 

    3 DOTS entries:

    DT.97854770  DT.97854768  DT.100748281 

    22 AceView cDNA sequences:

    NM_000797 BM725264 BQ187919 BM674709 BM931265 CA418876 BE222894 BQ188490 
    BF224406 BQ187417 BM929293 BX282376 AI628607 BM694620 L12398 H46232 
    BM727107 BM713372 BM722840 BM929265 AA419163 BQ186689 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for DRD4 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    DRD4 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: AGGGTCCTGC

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    DRD4 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    6 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    EyeGanglion Cell LayerMature Ganglion CellsGanglion, Retina
    EyeInner Nuclear LayerAII Amacrine CellsAmacrine, Retina
    EyeOuter Nuclear LayerMature Rod CellsPhotoreceptors, Retina
    LimbForelimb MyotomeLimb Muscle Progenitor CellsSkeletal Muscle
    OvaryPrimary FollicleGranulosa CellsOvary
    OvaryPrimordial FolliclePre-Granulosa CellsOvary
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 1 LifeMap Cell 
    NameCategory
    N2/LSB induced-cells (Generation of midbra...)

    See DRD4 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for DRD4

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.99922
        SABiosciences Expression via Pathway-Focused PCR Array including DRD4: 
              G Protein Coupled Receptors 384HT in human mouse rat

    Primer
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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
         		Search Advanced Cell Diagnostics for RNAscope RNA in situ hybridization assays for DRD4

    Orthologs
    for DRD4 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of animals.

    Orthologs for DRD4 gene from 6/15 species (see all 15)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    chicken
    (Gallus gallus)    		 Aves DRD41 dopamine receptor D4 66.76(n)
    61.47(a)    		   423016  NM_001142849.1  NP_001136321.1 
    lizard
    (Anolis carolinensis)    		 Reptilia DRD46
    		 --
    		 56(a)
    		 1 ↔ 1
    		 1(74190756-74256235)
    African clawed frog
    (Xenopus laevis)    		 Amphibia Xl.62492 Xenopus laevis transcribed sequence with moderate similarity more 77.6(n)    CD362987.1 
    zebrafish
    (Danio rerio)    		 Actinopterygii drd4a1 dopamine receptor D4a 62.3(n)
    60.11(a)    		   503564  NM_001012616.2  NP_001012634.1 
    fruit fly
    (Drosophila melanogaster)    		 Insecta D2R6
    		 Dopamine 2-like receptor
    		 23(a)
    		 1 → many
    		 X(19898715-19922226)
    worm
    (Caenorhabditis elegans)    		 Secernentea dop-36
    dop-26
    		 DOPamine receptor family member (dop-2)
    		 18(a)
    13(a)
    		 many ↔ many
    many ↔ many
    		 X(6564138-6569481)
    V(9608538-9614918)


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DRD4 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for DRD4 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for DRD4 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for DRD4 gene
    HTR1A2  ADRA1B2  DRD22  HTR1F2  HTR72  ADRA2C2  ADRA2A2  HTR1D2  
    ADRA2B2  ADRA1A2  HTR1E2  DRD32  HTR5A2  HTR1B2  ADRA1D2  
    3 SIMAP similar genes for DRD4 using alignment to 81 protein entries:     DRD4_HUMAN (see all proteins):
    DRD3    DRD2    ADRA2A

    DRD4 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing



    Genomic Variants
    for DRD4 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DRD4_HUMAN, P21917
    Polymorphism: The number of repeats of 16 amino acids in the third cytoplasmic loop is highly polymorphic and varies
    among different alleles. Alleles corresponding in size to a 2 (D4.2), 3 (D4.3), 4 (D4.4), 5 (D4.5), 6 (D4.6), 7 (D4.7)
    and 9 (D4.9) repeats have been described. The sequence shown is that of allele D4.7. The polymorphic repeat sequence
    has little influence on DRD4-binding profiles and might not be essential for G protein interaction


    10/228 NCBI SNPs in DRD4 are shown (see all 228)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 11 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs1834300241,2
    		--635342(+) GAGTTC/TGAGAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1883678131,2
    		--635356(+) CCTGGC/GCAATA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs353833781,2
    		C--635548(+) ATCTC-/AAAAAAA 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- AA:0.00NA 2
    rs127881701,2
    		--635569(+) aaaaaC/AcaaaT 1 -- us2k1 tfbs3 trp31Minor allele frequency- A:0.50CSA 2
    rs734029531,2
    		C,--635637(+) TGTGTG/ACTGCA 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- A:0.50WA 2
    rs1154809821,2
    		C,F,--635796(+) TCCATC/ACTGGG 1 -- us2k12Minor allele frequency- A:0.05WA NA 238
    rs1475406391,2
    		--636047(+) GCCTGC/TGCACA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs2020184721,2
    		--636086(+) AGCCC-/TCGTGA 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs714621021,2
    		C,--636087(+) GCCCCG/-GTGAC 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- -:0.50NA 2
    rs2014732701,2
    		C--636087(+) AGCCCC/GGTGAC 1 -- us2k10--------

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for DRD4 (637293 - 640706 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 5 variations for DRD4
         5 CNVs: 3831 29884 29882 4725 29883
    Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): DRD4

    SABiosciences Cancer Mutation PCR Assays
    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing DRD4
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for DRD4

    Disorders / Diseases
    for DRD4 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Novoseek, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    DRD4 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 126452   
    OMIM disorders: 601696  143465  
    20/72 diseases for DRD4 (see all 72):    About MalaCards
    attention deficit hyperactivity disorder    novelty seeking personality    gilles de la tourette syndrome    obsessive-compulsive disorder
    parkinson's disease    manic-depressive illness    seasonal affective disorder    separation anxiety disorder
    myoclonus-dystonia    schizophrenia    migraine without aura    tic disorder
    substance dependence    personality disorder    restless legs syndrome    chronic tic disorder
    pathological gambling    pre-eclampsia    anorexia nervosa    tourette syndrome

    10 diseases from the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database for DRD4:
    Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder     Schizophrenia     Conduct disorder     Substance dependence
    Delusional disorder     Pathological gambling     Substance abuse     Tic disorder
    Cyclothymic disorder     Autistic disorder

    10/36 Novoseek disease relationships for DRD4 gene (see all 36)    About this table

    Disease   -log (P-Val)   Hits   PubMed IDs for Articles with Shared Sentences (# sentences)
    novelty seeking personality trait 88.4 8 15292670 (1), 9723153 (1), 9152990 (1), 10898899 (1) (see all 6)
    attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 88.3 103 16917940 (2), 20410729 (2), 9491811 (2), 15206004 (2) (see all 67)
    schizophrenia 68 127 9353244 (4), 8135305 (4), 11496369 (3), 8546161 (3) (see all 70)
    psychotic 52.5 37 10050966 (5), 10490703 (4), 17822780 (3), 10478793 (3) (see all 14)
    bipolar disorder 51.2 14 10490710 (3), 7914460 (2), 7853381 (1), 10646829 (1) (see all 11)
    heroin addiction 50.3 10 20218801 (3), 16167465 (1), 18991844 (1), 10673776 (1)
    psychiatric disorder 50.1 22 15981960 (3), 14581929 (1), 15985158 (1), 20305304 (1) (see all 13)
    tourette syndrome 48.4 6 10402503 (2), 9246007 (1), 7881421 (1), 8751866 (1) (see all 5)
    conduct disorder 42.5 4 15288435 (1), 11443528 (1), 17587443 (1)
    obsessive-compulsive disorder 41.7 4 12497615 (1), 9280153 (1)

    Genetic Association Database (GAD): DRD4
    Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator: DRD4 (410 documents)

    Export disorders for DRD4 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for DRD4 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for DRD4 gene, integrated from 9 sources (see all 834):
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with DRD4)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. Schizophrenia is not associated with DRD4 48-base-pair-repeat length or individual alleles: results of a meta-analysis. (PubMed id 13129658)1, 4, 7, 9 Glatt S.J....Tsuang M.T. (2003)
    2. Dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III polymorphism and interindividual variation in response to clozapine. (PubMed id 16223700)1, 4, 7 Zhao A.L....Chen X.G. (2005)
    3. No association of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and -521 C/T promoter polymorphisms with infant attachment disorganization. (PubMed id 15513263)1, 4, 9 Bakermans-Kranenburg M.J. and Van Ijzendoorn M.H. (2004)
    4. Association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III repeat polymorphism with temperament in 3-year-old infants. (PubMed id 12687422)1, 4, 9 De Luca A....Dallapiccola B. (2003)
    5. Dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphism in the first psychotic episode. (PubMed id 11282178)1, 4, 9 Rinetti G....Nicolini H. (2001)
    6. Allelic variants interaction of dopamine receptor D4 polymorphism correlate with personality traits in young Korean female population. (PubMed id 12627471)1, 4, 9 Lee H.J....Kim S. (2003)
    7. DRD4 promoter SNPs and gender effects on Extraversion in African Americans. (PubMed id 12192624)1, 4, 9 Bookman E.B....Kittles R.A. (2002)
    8. No interaction of GABA(A) alpha-1 subunit and dopamine receptor D4 exon 3 genes in symptomatology of major psychoses. (PubMed id 10050966)1, 4, 9 Serretti A....Smeraldi E. (1999)
    9. Combined effect of promoter polymorphisms in the dopamine D4 receptor and the serotonin transporter genes in heroin dependence. (PubMed id 16167465)1, 4, 9 Szilagyi A....Barta C. (2005)
    10. Dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene in Han Chinese children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): increased prevalence of the 2-repeat allele. (PubMed id 15578612)1, 4, 9 Leung P.W....Swanson J. (2005)

    External Searches for DRD4 gene

    (in PubMed, OMIM, and NCBI Bookshelf)
    About This Section
     ANDOR
    Aliases
    Disorders
    Free Text  
      Query String
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    Genome Databases showing DRD4 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
    About This Section
    Entrez Gene: 1815 HGNC: 3025 AceView: DRD4 Ensembl:ENSG00000069696 euGenes: HUgn1815
    ECgene: DRD4 Kegg: 1815 H-InvDB: DRD4

    Other Databases showing DRD4 gene

    (According to HUGE)
    About This Section
    		   --

    Specialized Databases showing DRD4 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
    Wikipedia and/or GeneReviews via UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)
    About This Section
    NameDescription
    PharmGKB entry for DRD4 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
    for DRD4 gene

    (Patent information from GeneIP,
    Licensable technologies from WIS Yeda, Salk, Tufts,
    IP news from LifeMap Sciences, Inc.)
    About This Section
    		Patent Information for DRD4 gene:
    Search GeneIP for patents involving DRD4

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