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Category   Symbol Source: HGNC EntrezGene Ensembl GeneCards RNA genes CroW21
GIFtS

DPPA3 Gene

protein-coding   GIFtS: 47
GCID: GC12P007864

developmental pluripotency associated 3
 Explore 6 diseases affiliated with
DPPA3 via
MalaCards
our new
 Human Malady Compendium 
Biological research products
for DPPA3    

Aliases
for DPPA3 gene

(According to 1HGNC, 2Entrez Gene,
3UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 4UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 5OMIM, 6GeneLoc, 7Ensembl, 8DME, 9miRBase, and/or 10fRNAdb)
About This Section
Aliases
Developmental Pluripotency Associated 31 2
Stella-Related Protein2 3
Stella1
STELLA2
Developmental Pluripotency-Associated Protein 32
STELLAR3

External Ids:    HGNC: 191991   Entrez Gene: 3597872   Ensembl: ENSG000001875697   OMIM: 6084085   UniProtKB: Q6W0C53   

Export aliases for DPPA3 gene to outside databases

Previous GC identifers: GC00U909444 GC12U900415 GC12P007757 GC12P007678


Summaries
for DPPA3 gene

(According to Entrez Gene, Tocris Bioscience, Wikipedia's Gene Wiki, PharmGKB,
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL)
About This Section
Entrez Gene summary for DPPA3:
This gene encodes a protein that in mice may function as a maternal factor during the preimplantation stage of
development. In mice, this gene may play a role in transcriptional repression, cell division, and maintenance of cell
pluripotentiality. In humans, related intronless loci are located on chromosomes 14 and X. (provided by RefSeq, Jul
2008)

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DPPA3_HUMAN, Q6W0C5
Function: Primordial germ cell (PGCs)-specific protein involved in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote
following fertilization. In zygotes, DNA demethylation occurs selectively in the paternal pronucleus before the first
cell division, while the adjacent maternal pronucleus and certain paternally-imprinted loci are protected from this
process. Participates in protection of DNA methylation in the maternal pronucleus by preventing conversion of 5mC to
5hmC: specifically recognizes and binds histone H3 dimethylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2) on maternal genome, and protects
maternal genome from TET3-mediated conversion to 5hmC and subsequent DNA demethylation. Does not bind paternal
chromatin, which is mainly packed into protamine and does not contain much H3K9me2 mark. Also protects imprinted loci
that are marked with H3K9me2 in mature sperm from DNA demethylation in early embryogenesis. May be important for the
totipotent/pluripotent states continuing through preimplantation development. Also involved in chromatin condensation
in oocytogenesis (By similarity)

Gene Wiki entry for DPPA3


Genomic Views
for DPPA3 gene

(According to GeneLoc and/or HGNC, and/or
Entrez Gene (NCBI build 37),
and/or miRBase,
Genomic Views according to UCSC (hg19) and Ensembl (release 69), Regulatory elements and Epigenetics data according to QIAGEN, SABiosciences, and/or SwitchGear Genomics)
About This Section
RefSeq DNA sequence:
NC_000012.11  NC_018923.1  NT_009714.17  
Regulatory elements:
   SABiosciences Regulatory transcription factor binding sites in the DPPA3 gene promoter:
         SREBP-1c   Nkx2-5   CUTL1   POU3F2 (N-Oct-5a)   POU3F2 (N-Oct-5b)   LUN-1   POU3F2   SREBP-1b   SREBP-1a   LyF-1   
         Other transcription factors

SwitchGear Promoter luciferase reporter plasmid: DPPA3 promoter sequence
   Search SABiosciences Chromatin IP Primers for DPPA3

Epigenetics:
QIAGEN PyroMark CpG Assay predesigned Pyrosequencing DNA Methylation assays in human, mouse, rat DPPA3


Genomic Location:
Genomic View: UCSC Golden Path with GeneCards custom track

Entrez Gene cytogenetic band: 12p13.31   Ensembl cytogenetic band:  12p13.31   HGNC cytogenetic band: 12p13.31

DPPA3 Gene in genomic location: bands according to Ensembl, locations according to (and/or Entrez Gene and/or Ensembl if different)
DPPA3 gene location

GeneLoc information about chromosome 12         GeneLoc Exon Structure

GeneLoc location for GC12P007864:  view genomic region     (about GC identifiers)

Start:
 7,864,050 bp from pter      End:
 7,870,155 bp from pter
Size:
 6,106 bases      Orientation:
 plus strand

Proteins
for DPPA3 gene

(According to 1UniProtKB, HORDE, neXtProt, Ensembl, and/or Reactome, Modification sites according to 2PhosphoSitePlus, Specific Peptides from DME, Protein expression images according to data from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDb, RefSeq according to NCBI, PDB rendering according to OCA and/or Proteopedia, Recombinant Proteins from EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Enzo Life Sciences, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Sino Biological, ProSpec, and/or Uscn,
Biochemical Assays by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, OriGene, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or Uscn, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 and Entrez Gene, Antibodies by EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, GenScript, Cell Signaling Technology, OriGene, Novus Biologicals, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Abcam, and/or Uscn)
About This Section
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DPPA3_HUMAN, Q6W0C5 (See protein sequence)
Recommended Name: Developmental pluripotency-associated protein 3  
Size: 159 amino acids; 17851 Da
Subcellular location: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Mainly localizes in the female pronucleus, localization to the male
pronucleus in much weaker (By similarity)
Developmental stage: Expressed in fetal ovary
Secondary accessions: Q0P5U3 Q6JZS6

Explore the universe of human proteins at neXtProt for DPPA3: NX_Q6W0C5

Post-translational modifications:

  • View modification sites using PhosphoSitePlus2
  • View neXtProt modification sites for NX_Q6W0C5

    • DPPA3 Protein expression data from MOPED and PaxDb:    About this image 
    Estimated protein expression log10 (pmol).

    REFSEQ proteins: NP_954980.1  
    ENSEMBL proteins: 
     ENSP00000339250  

    Human Recombinant Protein Products: 
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    ProSpec Recombinant Protein for DPPA3
    Uscn Proteins for DPPA3

    Gene Ontology (GO): 4 cellular component terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0001939female pronucleus ISS--
    GO:0001940NOT male pronucleus ISS--
    GO:0005634nucleus IDA--
    GO:0005737cytoplasm IDA--


    DPPA3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    DPPA3 Antibody Products: 
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    Uscn ELISAs and CLIAs for DPPA3

    Protein Domains /
    Families
    for DPPA3 gene

    (According to InterPro, ProtoNet, UniProtKB, and/or BLOCKS, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks)
    About This Section

    ProtoNet protein and cluster: Q6W0C5

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DPPA3_HUMAN, Q6W0C5
    Domain: Mediates binding to H3K9me2 via N-terminal region, while ability to exclude TET3 from the maternal pronucleus
    requires the C-terminal part (By similarity)


    Function
    for DPPA3 gene

    (According to 1UniProtKB, Genatlas, LifeMap Discovery™, IUBMB, and/or 2DME, Human phenotypes from GenomeRNAi, Animal models from MGI Mar 06 2013,
    bound targets from SABiosciences, miRNA Gene Targets from miRTarBase shRNA from OriGene, RNAi from EMD Millipore, siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, microRNA from QIAGEN, Gene Editing from DNA2.0, Clones from EMD Millipore, OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, Sino Biological, DNA2.0, and Vector BioLabs, Cell Lines from GenScript, LifeMap BioReagents, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene.)
    About This Section
    Function Summary:

         UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DPPA3_HUMAN, Q6W0C5
    Function: Primordial germ cell (PGCs)-specific protein involved in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote
    following fertilization. In zygotes, DNA demethylation occurs selectively in the paternal pronucleus before the first
    cell division, while the adjacent maternal pronucleus and certain paternally-imprinted loci are protected from this
    process. Participates in protection of DNA methylation in the maternal pronucleus by preventing conversion of 5mC to
    5hmC: specifically recognizes and binds histone H3 dimethylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2) on maternal genome, and protects
    maternal genome from TET3-mediated conversion to 5hmC and subsequent DNA demethylation. Does not bind paternal
    chromatin, which is mainly packed into protamine and does not contain much H3K9me2 mark. Also protects imprinted loci
    that are marked with H3K9me2 in mature sperm from DNA demethylation in early embryogenesis. May be important for the
    totipotent/pluripotent states continuing through preimplantation development. Also involved in chromatin condensation
    in oocytogenesis (By similarity)

    miRNA
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    QIAGEN Custom miScript Target Protector blocks miRNA-binding site of human, mouse, rat DPPA3
    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate DPPA3:
    hsa-miR-888
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    Inhib. RNA
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    Gene Editing
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    Clone
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    Cell Line
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    Search LifeMap BioReagents cell lines for DPPA3

    In Situ Assay
    Products:       
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    Gene Ontology (GO): 1 molecular function term (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0035064methylated histone residue binding ISS--


    DPPA3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing


    1 GenomeRNAi human phenotype for DPPA3:
     Synthetic lethal with Ras 

    Animal Models:
         Mouse knock-out Dppa3tm1Dcp for DPPA3
         6 MGI mutant phenotypes (inferred from 4 alleles) (MGI details for Dppa3):
     cellular  embryogenesis  mortality/aging  no phenotypic analysis  other 
     reproductive system 

    DPPA3 for phenotypes           About GeneDecksing


    Pathways & Interactions
    for DPPA3 gene

    (Pathways according to EMD Millipore, R&D Systems, Cell Signaling Technology, KEGG, PharmGKB, BioSystems, Reactome, Tocris Bioscience, GeneGo (Thomson Reuters), QIAGEN, and/or UniProtKB, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, Interaction Networks according to SABiosciences, and/or STRING, Interactions according to 1UniProtKB, 2MINT, 3I2D, and/or 4STRING, with links to IntAct and Ensembl, Ontologies according to Gene Ontology Consortium 01 Mar 2013 via Entrez Gene).
    About This Section



    Interactions:

        Search SABiosciences Gene Network CentralTM Interacting Genes and Proteins Networks for DPPA3

    STRING Interaction Network Preview (showing 1 interactants - click image to see more details)

    1 Interacting protein for DPPA3 (Q6W0C53 ENSP000003392504) via UniProtKB, MINT, STRING, and/or I2D
    InteractantInteraction Details
    GeneCardExternal ID(s)
    IPO5O004103, ENSP000002615744I2D: score=1 STRING: ENSP00000261574
    About this table

    Gene Ontology (GO): 5 biological process terms (GO ID links to tree view):    About this table

    GO IDQualified GO termEvidencePubMed IDs
    GO:0016568chromatin modification IEA--
    GO:0040016embryonic cleavage IEA--
    GO:0044726protection of DNA demethylation of female pronucleus ISS--
    GO:1901536negative regulation of DNA demethylation ISS--
    GO:2000653regulation of genetic imprinting ISS--


    DPPA3 for ontologies           About GeneDecksing



    Drugs & Compounds
    for DPPA3 gene

    (Chemical Compounds according to UniProtKB, Enzo Life Sciences, EMD Millipore, Tocris Bioscience HMDB, BitterDB, and/or Novoseek, and Drugs according to DrugBank, Enzo Life Sciences, and/or PharmGKB, with drugs/clinical trials/news search links to CenterWatch)
    About This Section
    Browse Small Molecules at EMD Millipore
    Browse drugs & compounds from Enzo Life Sciences

    Browse Tocris compounds for DPPA3
    Search CenterWatch for drugs/clinical trials and news about DPPA3 

    Transcripts
    for DPPA3 gene

    (Secondary structures according to fRNAdb,
    GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ Accessions according to
    Unigene (Build 235 Homo sapiens; Mar 10 2013) or GenBank,
    RefSeq according to Entrez Gene,
    DOTS (version 10), and/or AceView, transcript ids from Ensembl with links to UCSC,
    exon structure from GeneLoc, alternative splicing isoforms according to ASD and/or ECgene,
    RNAi Products from EMD Millipore,
    siRNAs from OriGene, QIAGEN, shRNA from OriGene, microRNA from QIAGEN,
    Tagged/untagged cDNA clones from OriGene, SwitchGear Genomics, GenScript, DNA2.0, Vector BioLabs, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN )
    About This Section
    REFSEQ mRNAs for DPPA3 gene: 
    NM_199286.2  

    Unigene Cluster for DPPA3:

    Developmental pluripotency associated 3
    Hs.131358  [show with all ESTs]
    Unigene Representative Sequence: AY317075
    1 Ensembl transcript including schematic representation, and UCSC links where relevant:
    ENST00000345088(uc001qtf.3)

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    1 QIAGEN miScript miRNA Assays for microRNA that regulate DPPA3:
    hsa-miR-888
    SwitchGear 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid: DPPA3 3' UTR sequence
    Inhib. RNA
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    Clone
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    Primer
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    Additional cDNA sequence: AY317075.1 

    2 DOTS entries:

    DT.104320  DT.97809681 

    17 AceView cDNA sequences:

    AI650531 BE466414 BX095425 AA927342 NM_199286 AY317075 AI948852 AI990772 
    AI954611 BV205587 AW002433 AA864924 AI066520 AA564230 AI651977 AA300687 
    BQ028671 

    GeneLoc Exon Structure


    Expression
    for DPPA3 gene

    (RNA expression data according to H-InvDB, NONCODE, miRBase, and RNAdb, Expression images according to data from BioGPS, Illumina Human BodyMap, and CGAP SAGE, Sets of similar genes according to GeneDecks, in vivo and in vitro expression data from LifeMap Discovery™, plus additional links to Genevestigator, and/or SOURCE, and/or BioGPS, and/or UniProtKB,
    PCR Arrays from SABiosciences, Primers from OriGene, SABiosciences, and/or QIAGEN, In Situ Hybridization Assays from Advanced Cell Diagnostics)
    About This Section

    DPPA3 expression in normal human tissues (normalized intensities)
    See probesets specificity/sensitivity at GeneAnnot
    About this imageBioGPS
    CGAP TAG: --

    Microarray
    RNAseq (Illumina Body Map)
    (100×FPKM)½
    SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression)
    About this image

    DPPA3 expression in embryonic tissues and stem cells
    Expression by the Database of Embryonic development, Stem cell research, and Regenerative medicine    About this table
    4 LifeMap In Vivo Development Anatomical Compartments/Cells 
    Tissue Anatomical Compartment CellCategory (developmental path)
    PlacentaAllantoisPrimordial Germ CellsGerm Cells
    OvaryAntral FollicleSecondary OocyteFemale Gametocytes, Germ Cells
    OvaryOvigerous CordOvarian Somatic CellsOvary
    Intermediate MesodermIntermediate MesodermIntermediate Mesoderm
    Expression: Positive    Negative     Selective marker
    Experimental details: Curated     Microarrays     In-situ hybridization
    Stem Cell Differentiation: 10/12 LifeMap Cells (see all 12) 
    NameCategory
    Ovarian tissue-dissociated cells (Primary Cell)Reproductive System
    Ovarian tissue-dissociated cells (human) (Primary Cell)Ovary, Reproductive System
    FES22 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    FES29 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    ES-J1 (Embryonic Stem Cell)Early Embryo, Inner Cell Mass
    Secondary follicles (Primary Cell)Ovary, Reproductive System
    Primordial germ cell-like cells (Reconstitution of mo...)
    Primordial-like germ cells (cKIT+ SSEA1+ VASA+) (Derivation of primor...)
    Embryoid bodies (Derivation of embryo...)
    Short-term differentiated embryoid bodies (Derivation of embryo...)

    See DPPA3 Protein Expression from SPIRE MOPED and PaxDB
    Genevestigator expression for DPPA3

    SOURCE GeneReport for Unigene cluster: Hs.131358

    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: DPPA3_HUMAN, Q6W0C5
    Tissue specificity: Low expression in testis, ovary and thymus. Expressed in embryonic stem and carcinoma cells. Highly
    expressed in testicular germ cell tumors

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    In Situ
    Assay Products:     
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    Orthologs
    for DPPA3 gene

    (Orthologs according to 1,2HomoloGene (2older version, for species not in 1newer version), 3euGenes, 4SGD , 5MGI Mar 06 2013, with possible further links to Flybase and/or WormBase, and/or 6Ensembl pan taxonomic compara , Gene Trees according to Ensembl and TreeFam)
    About This Section
    This gene was present in the common ancestor of human and mouse.

    Orthologs for DPPA3 gene from 1/2 species (see all 2)    About this table
    Organism Taxonomic
    classification    		 Gene Description Human
    Similarity    		 Orthology
    Type    		 Details
    mouse
    (Mus musculus)    		 Mammalia Dppa35 developmental pluripotency-associated 3   --   6 (57.72 cM) 122626410 


    ENSEMBL Gene Tree for DPPA3 (if available)
    TreeFam Gene Tree for DPPA3 (if available) 

    Paralogs
    for DPPA3 gene

    (Paralogs according to 1HomoloGene,
    2Ensembl, and 3SIMAP, Pseudogenes according to 4Pseudogene.org Build 68)
    About This Section
    Paralogs for DPPA3 gene

    DPPA3 for paralogs           About GeneDecksing


    5/22 Pseudogenes.org Pseudogenes for DPPA3 (see all 22)
    PGOHUM00000238637 PGOHUM00000239892 PGOHUM00000248447 PGOHUM00000248908 PGOHUM00000248972


    Genomic Variants
    for DPPA3 gene

    (SNPs/Variants according to the 1NCBI SNP Database, 2Ensembl, 3PupaSUITE, UniProtKB, and DNA2.0, Linkage Disequilibrium by HapMap, Structural Variations(CNVs/InDels/Inversions) from the Database of Genomic Variants, Mutations from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD) and the Locus Specific Mutation Databases (LSDB), Blood group antigen gene mutations by BGMUT, Resequencing Primers from QIAGEN, Cancer Mutation PCR Arrays and Assays and Copy Number PCR Arrays from SABiosciences)
    About This Section

    10/175 NCBI SNPs in DPPA3 are shown (see all 175)     About this table
    Genomic DataTranscription Related DataAllele Frequencies
    SNP IDValidClinical
    significance    		Chr 12 posSequence#AA
    Chg    		TypeMore#Allele
    freq    		PopTotal
    sample    		More
    ----------
    rs23768991,2
    		C,F,--7862134(-) TAGCCG/AGGCAT 1 -- us2k17Minor allele frequency- A:0.14WA NA CSA EA 365
    rs1465211501,2
    		--7862212(+) GATCTC/TGGCTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1922673641,2
    		--7862220(+) CTCACC/TGCAAC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs1838384291,2
    		--7862423(+) CAGGCA/GTGAGC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs71330111,2
    		C,--7862538(+) cctccC/Taaagt 1 -- us2k11Minor allele frequency- T:0.50NA 2
    rs1895876721,2
    		--7862540(+) TCCCAA/GAGTGC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs107726501,2
    		C,F,A,H,--7862625(+) TATCTC/TACCTC 1 -- us2k1 tfbs321Minor allele frequency- T:0.28NS EA NA CSA WA 2526
    rs1433777511,2
    		--7862830(+) TCTGGG/TTCTTC 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs2014463171,2
    		--7862967(+) CTGCA-/CCTTTT 1 -- us2k10--------
    rs72980561,2
    		C,--7862969(+) TGCACC/TTTTTT 1 -- us2k1 trp31Minor allele frequency- T:0.50NA 2

    HapMap Linkage Disequilibrium report for DPPA3 (7864050 - 7870155 bp)
    Structural Variations (Copy Number Variations, Insertions/Deletions, Inversions)
    Database of Genomic Variants (DGV): 11 variations for DPPA3
         11 CNVs: 8709 5298 5299 3873 5300 5301 5302 5306 5303 5305 5304

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    QIAGEN SeqTarget long-range PCR primers in human, mouse, rat for resequencing DPPA3
    DNA2.0 Custom Variant and Variant Library Synthesis for DPPA3

    Disorders / Diseases
    for DPPA3 gene

    (in which this Gene is Involved, According to MalaCards, OMIM, UniProtKB, the University of Copenhagen DISEASES database, Genatlas, GeneTests, GAD, HuGE Navigator, and/or TGDB.)
    About This Section
    DPPA3 for disorders           About GeneDecksing

    OMIM gene information: 608408    OMIM disorders: --

    6 diseases for DPPA3:    About MalaCards
    testicular germ cell tumor    germ cell tumor    teratoma    teratocarcinoma
    seminoma    carcinoma


    Export disorders for DPPA3 gene to outside databases

    Publications
    for DPPA3 gene

    (in PubMed. Associations of this gene to articles via 1Entrez Gene, 2UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, 3HGNC, 4GAD, 5PharmGKB, 6HMDB, 7DrugBank, 8UniProtKB/TrEMBL, 9 Novoseek, and/or 10fRNAdb)
    About This Section

    PubMed articles for DPPA3 gene integrated from 9 sources:
    (articles sorted by number of sources associating them with DPPA3)    		    Utopia: connect your pdf to the dynamic
    world of online information

    1. The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). (PubMed id 15489334)1, 2 Gerhard D.S....Malek J. (2004)
    2. Human STELLAR, NANOG, and GDF3 genes are expressed in pluripotent cells and map to chromosome 12p13, a hotspot for teratocarcinoma. (PubMed id 14990856)1, 2 Clark A.T.... Reijo Pera R.A. (2004)
    3. Stella is a maternal effect gene required for normal early development in mice. (PubMed id 14654002)1, 2 Payer B.... Surani M.A. (2003)
    4. Dppa3 is a marker of pluripotency and has a human homologue that is expressed in germ cell tumours. (PubMed id 14684992)1, 2 Bowles J....Koopman P. (2003)
    5. NANOS3 function in human germ cell development. (PubMed id 21421998)2 Julaton V.T. and Reijo Pera R.A. (2011)
    6. PGC7/Stella protects against DNA demethylation in early embryogenesis. (PubMed id 17143267)1 Nakamura T....Nakano T. (2007)
    7. Adult tissue-specific expression of a Dppa3-derived retrogene represents a postnatal transcript of pluripotent cell origin. (PubMed id 16291741)1 Elliman S.J....Kemp D.M. (2006)
    8. Dppa3 / Pgc7 / stella is a maternal factor and is not required for germ cell specification in mice. (PubMed id 15018652)1 Bortvin A....Page D.C. (2004)
    9. Identification of PGC7, a new gene expressed specifically in preimplantation embryos and germ cells. (PubMed id 11900980)1 Sato M....Nakano T. (2002)

    External Searches for DPPA3 gene

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    Genome Databases showing DPPA3 gene

    (According to Entrez Gene, HGNC, AceView, euGenes, Ensembl, miRBase, ECgene, Kegg, and/or H-InvDB)
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    Entrez Gene: 359787 HGNC: 19199 AceView: DPPA3 Ensembl:ENSG00000187569 euGenes: HUgn359787
    ECgene: DPPA3 H-InvDB: DPPA3

    Other Databases showing DPPA3 gene

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    Specialized Databases showing DPPA3 gene

    (According to PharmGKB, ATLAS, HORDE, IMGT, LEIDEN, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot, and/or UniProtKB/TrEMBL,
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    PharmGKB entry for DPPA3 Pharmacogenomics, SNPs, Pathways

    Intellectual Property
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